Editing Performance art (section)

=== Video performance ===
In the early 1970s the use of video format by performance artists was consolidated. Some exhibitions by [[Joan Jonas]] and [[Vito Acconci]] were made entirely of video, activated by previous performative processes. In this decade, various books that talked about the use of the means of communication, video and cinema by performance artists, like ''Expanded Cinema'', by Gene Youngblood, were published. One of the main artists who used video and performance, with notorious audiovisual installations, is the South Korean artist [[Nam June Paik]], who in the early 1960s had already been in the Fluxus movement until becoming a media artist and evolving into the audiovisual installations he is known for.

[[Carolee Schneemann]]'s and Robert Whitman's 1960s work regarding their video-performances must be taken into consideration as well. Both were pioneers of performance art, turning it into an independent art form in the early seventies.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Youngblood|first1=Gene|title=Expanded Cinema|publisher=A. Dutton|year=1970|location=New York City}}</ref>

[[Joan Jonas]] started to include video in her experimental performances in 1972, while [[Bruce Nauman]] scenified{{clarify|date=October 2020}} his acts to be directly recorded on video.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jochengerz.eu/works/to-call-until-exhaustion|title=To Call Until Exhaustion|access-date=June 12, 2020|publisher=Jochen Gerz}}</ref> Nauman is an American multimedia artist, whose sculptures, videos, graphic work and performances have helped diversify and develop culture from the 1960s on. His unsettling artworks emphasized the conceptual nature of art and the creation process.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bruce Nauman|url=http://www.epdlp.com/pintor.php?id=2689|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> His priority is the idea and the creative process over the result. His art uses an incredible array of materials and especially his own body.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bruce Nauman {{!}} ArtDiscover|url=http://www.artdiscover.com/es/artistas/bruce-nauman-id2|website=www.artdiscover.com|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bruce Nauman|url=http://www.epdlp.com/pintor.php?id=2689|website=www.epdlp.com|access-date= June 11, 2020}}</ref>

[[Gilbert and George]] are Italian artist Gilbert Proesch and English artist George Passmore, who have developed their work inside conceptual art, performance and body art. They were best known for their live-sculpture acts.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ruíz Mantilla|first1=Jesús|title=Gilbert & George amantes, socios, artistas|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2011/04/10/eps/1302416817_850215.html|access-date=June 11, 2020|work=El País|date=April 10, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gilbert and George|url=https://www.guggenheim-bilbao.eus/la-coleccion/artistas/gilbert-and-george|publisher=Guggenheim Bilbao Museo|access-date=June 11, 2020}}</ref> One of their first makings was ''The Singing Sculpture'', where the artists sang and danced "Underneath the Arches", a song from the 1930s. Since then they have forged a solid reputation as live-sculptures, making themselves works of art, exhibited in front of spectators through diverse time intervals. They usually appear dressed in suits and ties, adopting diverse postures that they maintain without moving, though sometimes they also move and read a text, and occasionally they appear in assemblies or artistic installations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gilbert & George, la vida como obra de arte|url=https://masdearte.com/gilbert-a-george-la-vida-como-obra-de-arte/|access-date=June 11, 2020|work=Masdearte.com|date=February 5, 2010}}</ref> Apart from their sculptures, Gilbert and George have also made pictorial works, collages and photomontages, where they pictured themselves next to diverse objects from their immediate surroundings, with references to urban culture and a strong content; they addressed topics such as sex, race, death and HIV, religion or politics,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ramos|first1=Charo|title=El arte para todos de Gilbert & George|url=https://www.diariodesevilla.es/artes_plasticas/arte-Gilbert-George-Brafa_0_1328267542.html|access-date=June 11, 2020|work=Diario de Sevilla|date=February 2019}}</ref> critiquing many times the British government and the established power. The group's most prolific and ambitious work was ''Jack Freak Pictures'', where they had a constant presence of the colors red, white and blue in the Union Jack. Gilbert and George have exhibited their work in museums and galleries around the world, like the Stedelijk van Abbemuseum of [[Eindhoven]] (1980), the Hayward Gallery in London (1987), and the [[Tate Modern]] (2007). They have participated in the Venice Biennale. In 1986 they won the Turner Prize.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gilbert & George: "Intentamos estar lejos del arte para no contaminarnos"|url=http://www.tendenciasdelarte.com/gilbert-george-intentamos-estar-lejos-del-arte-para-contaminarnos/|access-date=June 11, 2020|work=Tendencias}}</ref>