Editing Pedro I of Brazil (section)

== Legacy ==
[[File:Monumento à Independencia II.JPG|thumb|right|alt=Photograph of a white stone steps leading up to a large, altar-like monument in white marble with bronze sculptural decorations that include bronze braziers at the corners, a bronze frieze in high relief at the base and bronze figures surrounding a chariot on a high, white marble plinth in the center|[[Monument to the Independence of Brazil]] where Pedro&nbsp;I and his two wives are buried]]
[[File:Quiet Streets of Lisbon - 49672549178.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Photograph of a white stone column with a man wearing a laurel wreath and military dress and who holds forth a scrolled sheaf of paper on the top|[[Column of Pedro IV]] in [[Rossio Square]], Lisbon, Portugal]]
[[File:Sto. Ildefonso - Praca da Liberdade (8).jpg|thumb|right|alt=Photograph of a bronze statue with a man on horseback wearing a bicorn hat and military dress and who holds forth a scrolled sheaf of paper|[[Monument to Pedro IV (Porto)|Equestrian statue of Pedro&nbsp;IV]] in [[Liberdade Square (Porto)|Liberdade Square]], [[Porto]], Portugal]]

Upon the death of Pedro&nbsp;I, the then-powerful Restorationist Party vanished overnight.{{sfn|Barman|1988|p=178}} A fair assessment of the former monarch became possible once the threat of his return to power was removed. [[Evaristo da Veiga]], one of his worst critics as well as a leader in the Liberal Party, left a statement which, according to historian Octávio Tarquínio de Sousa, became the prevailing view thereafter:{{sfn|Sousa 1972, Vol 3|p=309}} "the former emperor of Brazil was not a prince of ordinary measure&nbsp;... and Providence has made him a powerful instrument of liberation, both in Brazil and in Portugal. If we [Brazilians] exist as a body in a free Nation, if our land was not ripped apart into small enemy republics, where only anarchy and military spirit predominated, we owe much to the resolution he took in remaining among us, in making the first shout for our Independence." He continued: "Portugal, if it was freed from the darkest and demeaning tyranny ... if it enjoys the benefits brought by representative government to learned peoples, it owes it to D[om]. Pedro de Alcântara, whose fatigues, sufferings and sacrifices for the Portuguese cause has earned him in high degree the tribute of national gratitude."{{sfn|Jorge|1972|p=204}}{{sfn|Sousa 1972, Vol 3|pp=309, 312}}

John Armitage, who lived in Brazil during the latter half of [[First reign (Empire of Brazil)|Pedro&nbsp;I's reign]], remarked that "even the errors of the Monarch have been attended with great benefit through their influence on the affairs of the mother country. Had he governed with more wisdom it would have been well for the land of his adoption, yet, perhaps, unfortunate for humanity." Armitage added that like "the [[Napoleon|late Emperor of the French]], he was also a child of destiny, or rather, an instrument in the hands of an all-seeing and beneficent Providence for the furtherance of great and inscrutable ends. In the old as in the new world he was henceforth fated to become the instrument of further revolutions, and ere the close of his brilliant but ephemeral career in the land of his fathers, to atone amply for the errors and follies of his former life, by his chivalrous and heroic devotion in the cause of civil and religious freedom."{{sfn|Armitage 1836, Vol 2|pp=139–140}}

In 1972, on the 150th anniversary of Brazilian independence, Pedro&nbsp;I's remains (though not his heart) were brought to Brazil—as he had requested in his will—accompanied by much fanfare and with honors due to a head of state. His remains were reinterred in the [[Monument to the Independence of Brazil]], along with those of Maria Leopoldina and Amélie, in the city of São Paulo.{{sfn|Macaulay|1986|p=305}}{{sfn|Calmon|1975|p=900}} Years later, [[Neill W. Macaulay Jr.|Neill Macaulay]] said that "[c]riticism of Dom Pedro was freely expressed and often vehement; it prompted him to abdicate two thrones. His tolerance of public criticism and his willingness to relinquish power set Dom Pedro apart from his absolutist predecessors and from the rulers of today's coercive states, whose lifetime tenure is as secure as that of the kings of old." Macaulay affirmed that "[s]uccessful liberal leaders like Dom Pedro may be honored with an occasional stone or bronze monument, but their portraits, four stories high, do not shape public buildings; their pictures are not borne in parades of hundreds of thousands of uniformed marchers; no '-isms' attach to their names."{{sfn|Macaulay|1986|p=x}}

As part of Brazil's 200-year independence celebrations in 2022, the embalmed heart of Pedro I received military honors upon arrival in [[Brasília]] and was put on public display at the [[Itamaraty Palace|foreign ministry]]. It was then returned to Portugal after [[Independence Day (Brazil)|Brazil's independence day]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Buschschlüter |first=Vanessa |date=22 August 2022 |title=Pedro I: Emperor's embalmed heart arrives in Brazil |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-62561928 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822094422/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-62561928 |archive-date=22 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Mansoor |first=Sanya |date=23 August 2022 |title=Why an Embalmed Heart Will Mark Brazil's 200-Year Independence Celebration |url=https://time.com/6208111/why-an-embalmed-heart-will-mark-brazils-200-year-independence-celebration/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823184138/https://time.com/6208111/why-an-embalmed-heart-will-mark-brazils-200-year-independence-celebration/ |archive-date=23 August 2022 |access-date=24 August 2022 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref>
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