Editing Pankration (section)

===Throws and takedowns===

====Heave from a reverse waist lock====
From a reverse waist lock set from the front, and staying with hips close to the opponent, the athlete lifts and rotates his opponent using the strength of his hips and legs ({{lang|grc|ἀναβαστάσαι εἰς ὕψος}} – {{lang|grc-Latn|anabastasai eis hypsos}}, "high lifting"). Depending on the torque the athlete imparts, the opponent becomes more or less vertically inverted, facing the body of the athlete. If however the reverse waist lock is set from the back of the opponent, then the latter would face away from the athlete in the inverted position.

To finish the attack, the athlete has the option of either dropping his opponent head-first to the ground, or driving him into the ground while retaining the hold. To execute the latter option, the athlete bends one of his legs and goes down on that knee while the other leg remains only partially bent; this is presumably to allow for greater mobility in case the "pile driver" does not work. Another approach emphasizes less putting the opponent in an inverted vertical position and more the throw; it is shown in a sculpture in the [[Metope (architecture)|''metōpē'']] ({{lang|grc|μετώπη}}) of the [[Hephaesteion|Hephaisteion]] in Athens, where Theseus is depicted heaving [[Cercyon|Kerkyōn]].

====Heave from a waist lock following a sprawl====
The opponents are facing in opposite directions with the athlete at a higher level, over the back of his opponent. The athlete can get in this position after making a shallow sprawl to counter a tackle attempt. From here the athlete sets a waist lock by encircling, from the back, the torso of the opponent with his arms and securing a "handshake" grip close to the abdomen of the opponent. He then heaves the opponent back and up, using the muscles of his legs and his back, so that the opponent's feet rise in the air and he ends up inverted, perpendicular to the ground, and facing away from the athlete. The throw finishes with a "pile driver" or, alternatively, with a simple release of the opponent so that he falls to the ground.

====Heave from a waist lock from behind====
The athlete passes to the back of his opponent, secures a regular waist lock, lifts and throws/drops the opponent backwards and sideways. As a result of these moves, the opponent would tend to land on his side or face down. The athlete can follow the opponent to the ground and place himself on his back, where he could strike him or choke him from behind while holding him in the "grapevine" body lock (see above), stretching him face down on the ground. This technique is described by the Roman poet [[Statius]] in his account of a match between the hero Tydeus of Thebes and an opponent in the [[Thebaid]]. [[Tydeus]] is described to have followed this takedown with a choke while applying the "grapevine" body lock on the prone opponent.<ref name = "Pankration - An Olympic Combat Sport" />