Editing Pakistan (section)

==== Military history ====
{{Main|Military history of Pakistan}}
Since 1947, Pakistan has been involved in [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|four]] [[Conventional warfare|conventional wars]] with India.{{sfn|Gates|Roy|2016}} The [[Indo-Pak war of 1947|first conflict]] took place in Kashmir and ended in a United Nations-mediated ceasefire, with Pakistan gaining control of one-third of the region.{{sfn|Oetzel|Ting-Toomey|2006}} Territorial disputes led to [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|another war in 1965]]. In 1971, India and Pakistan fought [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|another war]] over [[East Pakistan]], with Indian forces aiding its independence, leading to the creation of [[Bangladesh]].{{sfn|Center for Preventive Action|2024}} Tensions in Kargil brought the two countries to the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1999|brink of war]].{{sfn|Busch|2014}}

Pakistan's primary intelligence agency, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), was established within a year of Pakistan's independence in 1947.{{sfn|Sprague|2020}} During the [[Soviet-Afghan War]], Pakistan's intelligence community, mostly the [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]], [[Operation Cyclone|coordinated]] [[United States involvement in regime change|US resources]] to support [[Afghan mujahideen]] and [[Afghan Arabs|foreign fighters]] against Soviet presence.{{sfn|Rupert|1989}} The [[Pakistan Air Force|PAF]] engaged with [[Soviet Air Forces|Soviet]] and [[Afghan Air Force]]s during the [[Russian war in afghanistan|conflict]].{{sfn|Withington|2005}} Pakistan has been an active [[United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan|participant in UN peacekeeping missions]],{{sfn|de Coning|Aoi|Karlsrud|2017}} playing a major role in operations like the rescue mission in [[Mogadishu]], Somalia, in 1993.{{sfn|Stewart|2002}} According to a 2023 UN report, the Pakistani military was the fifth largest troop contributor to UN peacekeeping missions.{{sfn|UN|2023}}

Pakistan has [[Pakistan Armed Forces deployments|deployed its military]] in some Arab countries, providing defense, training, and advisory roles.{{sfn|Cordesman|1987}}{{sfn|Chengappa|2004}} The [[Pakistan Air Force|PAF]]'s fighter pilots participated in missions against Israel during the [[Six-Day War]] and the [[Yom Kippur War]].{{sfn|Faruqui|2019}} Pakistani [[Special Service Group|special forces]] assisted [[Saudi forces]] in [[Mecca]] during the [[Grand Mosque Seizure]].{{refn|name="Miller-2015"}} Pakistan also sent 5,000 troops as part of a US-led coalition for the defense of Saudi Arabia during the [[Gulf War]].{{sfn|Rizvi|1993}}

Despite the UN arms embargo on [[Bosnia]], the ISI under General [[Javed Nasir]] airlifted anti-tank weapons and missiles to Bosnian mujahideen, shifting the tide in favor of Bosnian Muslims. ISI, under Nasir's leadership, supported Chinese Muslims in [[Xinjiang]], rebel groups in the [[Philippines]], and religious groups in Central Asia.{{R|Wiebes-2003|Abbas-2015}}

Since 2001, the Pakistan military has been engaged in [[War in North-West Pakistan|counterinsurgency and internal security operations]] in the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] province, primarily targeting [[Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan]] and associated militant groups. Major military operations conducted during this period include [[Operation Enduring Freedom]], [[Operation al-Mizan]], [[Operation Zalzala]], [[Operation Sherdil]], [[Operation Rah-e-Haq]], [[Operation Rah-e-Rast]], and [[Operation Rah-e-Nijat]].{{sfn|ZA Khan|2012}}