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=== Brazil === The Brazilian government of [[Jair Bolsonaro]] is cited as the rising point of neo-fascism in South America in the 21st century,<ref name="Löwy">{{cite web |last=Löwy |first=Michael |date=24 October 2019 |title=Neofascismo: um fenômeno planetário – o caso Bolsonaro |url=http://www.ihu.unisinos.br/78-noticias/593814-neofascismo-um-fenomeno-planetario-o-caso-bolsonaro |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=Revista IHU Online |publisher=Instituto Humanitas Unisinos}}</ref><ref name="Viel">{{cite web |last=Viel |first=Ricardo |date=29 July 2019 |title=Manuel Loff: "O bolsonarismo é o neofascismo adaptado ao Brasil do século 21" |url=https://apublica.org/2019/07/o-bolsonarismo-e-o-neofacismo-adaptado-ao-brasil-do-seculo-21/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=Agências Pública}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Pereira |first=Roni |title=Dissecando o neofascismo de Jair Bolsonaro |url=https://ronikurono.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/635153860/dissecando-o-neofascismo-de-jair-bolsonaro |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=Jusbrasil}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=12 November 2018 |title=O governo Bolsonaro, o neofascismo e a resistência democrática |url=https://diplomatique.org.br/o-governo-bolsonaro-o-neofascismo-e-a-resistencia-democratica/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=Le Monde Diplomatique}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Filho |first=João |date=17 November 2019 |title=Novo projeto de poder de Bolsonaro, a Aliança pelo Brasil é o primeiro partido neofascista do país |url=https://theintercept.com/2019/11/17/alianca-pelo-brasil-bolsonaro-neofascista/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=The Intercept Brasil}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Caldeira |first=Gabriel |date=1 June 2020 |title=Bolsonarismo está mais radical, diz estudioso de neofascismo |url=https://www.terra.com.br/noticias/bolsonarismo-esta-mais-radical-diz-estudioso-de-neofascismo,a23691794639a6d9f4a077bed4ac3677hozxmwal.html |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=Terra}}</ref><ref name="Bonavides">{{cite web |last=Bonavides |first=Natália |date=23 March 2020 |title=O lado mais sombrio do neofascismo do governo Bolsonaro |url=https://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/opiniao/forum/o-lado-mais-sombrio-do-neofascismo-do-governo-bolsonaro/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=Congresso em Foco}}</ref> based on the [[Denialism|denial]] of science, bellicose rhetoric and authoritarian measures that withdraw rights from the population linked to a strongly [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] economic policy.<ref name="PMC7139254">{{cite journal |last=de Souza |first=Marcelo |year=2020 |title=The land of the past? Neo-populism, neo-fascism, and the failure of the left in Brazil |journal=Political Geography |volume=83 |page=102186 |doi=10.1016/j.polgeo.2020.102186 |pmc=7139254 |pmid=32292250}}</ref><ref name="poder360">{{cite web |last=Guaracy |first=Thales |date=18 January 2020 |title=Bolsonaro faz do negacionismo um instrumento político, escreve Thales Guaracy |url=https://www.poder360.com.br/opiniao/governo/bolsonaro-faz-do-negacionismo-um-instrumento-politico-escreve-thales-guaracy/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=Poder360}}</ref><ref name="OGlobo">{{cite web |last=Chacra |first=Guga |date=15 May 2020 |title=O negacionismo de Bolsonaro entrará para a história da pandemia |url=https://blogs.oglobo.globo.com/guga-chacra/post/o-negacionismo-de-bolsonaro-entrara-para-historia-da-pandemia.html |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=O Globo}}</ref><ref name="RevistaEpoca">{{cite web |last=Gherman |first=Michel |date=28 March 2020 |title=Bolsonaro, O negacionista: politica e ciência em tempos de Corona |url=https://epoca.globo.com/michel-gherman/coluna-bolsonaro-negacionista-politica-ciencia-em-tempos-de-corona-24332846 |access-date=27 November 2021 |work=Revista Época}}</ref><ref name="Bonavides" /> As a result of factors such as [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|opposition to Workers' Party]], fear and reaction to the [[2013 protests in Brazil|2013 protests]], as well as the [[2008 financial crisis]] and [[2014 Brazilian economic crisis]], Jair Bolsonaro emerged as a viable option, not because of a well-defined strategic project, but almost accidentally.<ref name=":01">CORDEIRO, Andrey Ferreira (2020). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OPH0DwAAQBAJ&dq=Lulismo,+bolsonarismo+e+a+crise+brasileira:+do+desenvolvimento+dependente+a++uma+pol%C3%ADtica+auton%C3%B4mica&pg=PA141 "Lulismo, bolsonarismo e a crise brasileira: do desenvolvimento dependente a uma política autonômica"]. Em: BARBOSA, Fabio; etal; O pânico como política: o Brasil no imaginário do Lulismo em crise. Mauad Editora, Rio de Janeiro.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocha |first=Igor |date=3 September 2019 |title=Governo Bolsonaro: ala "técnica" é, também, ideológica |url=https://entendendobolsonaro.blogosfera.uol.com.br/2019/09/03/ala-tecnica-do-governo-bolsonaro-e-tambem-ideologica/ |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=entendendobolsonaro.blogosfera.uol.com.br |language=pt-br |quote=É necessário ter em mente que todas as "alas" da base deste e de outros governos é ideológica e isso, em si, não é um problema. Afirmar o contrário apenas indica que alguns comportamentos ideológicos de muitos agentes do governo Bolsonaro se tornaram senso comum, sendo naturalizados a ponto de, mesmo ideológicos, não serem percebidos dessa maneira.}}</ref> In this way, the multiplicity of groups that make up the Bolsonarism, the different wings (military, ideological, religious, capital, etc.) present pragmatic disagreements, strategies, objectives and distinct methods.<ref name=":0" /> The core of this Brazilian neo-fascism converged its interests and rhetoric with [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] [[Fundamentalism|religious fundamentalism]] and both allied themselves with military sectors and liberal [[think tanks]],<ref name="PMC7139254" /> so that within [[Jair Messias Bolsonaro|bolsonarism]] there is a power bloc made up of non-fascist conservatives and [[Far-right politics|far-right]] neo-fascists; although still without the support of the broad and fanatical mass movement which was the basis of European fascism.<ref name="PMC7139254" />
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