Editing Navarre (section)

===Language shift===
The number of people that can speak Basque has increased in Navarre lately,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/ediciones/2008/10/08/sociedad/navarra/d08nav11.1382923.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107145952/http://www.noticiasdenavarra.com/ediciones/2008/10/08/sociedad/navarra/d08nav11.1382923.php|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-01-07|title=38% of new alums that arrive to UPNA from Bachillerato know Basque}}</ref> after a steady historic retreat. In 2011, 13.6% of the population in Navarre considered themselves to be speakers of Basque and another 14.5% considered themselves semi-speakers of Basque.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navarra.es/AppsExt/GN.InstitutoEstadistica.Web/DescargaFichero.aspx?Fichero=\web\agregados\3_sociedad\3_13_soc_perfil_ling\soc_perfiling_2011_conocimiento_ien.xls|title=Statistic Institute of Navarra.}}</ref> Historically, Basque is the ''lingua navarrorum'', as it appears in documents of the Middle Ages, such as a document by the king [[Sancho the Wise]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www1.euskadi.net/euskara_lingua/PDF/Euskadi/Ingles/eu_in_hi.pdf|title=Euskara|website=Euskadi|access-date=2019-06-15}}</ref> The kingdom cemented its roots in the predominantly Basque-speaking domain of Pamplona and surrounding areas.<ref>{{cite book |last=Trask |first=Robert.L. |date=1996 |title=The History of Basque |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qUDaAAAAQBAJ&q=trask+basque+kingdom+of+navarre&pg=PA427 |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |page=427|isbn= 0-415-13116-2}}</ref> In the midst of contemporary scholarly debates on the existence of Navarre and its laws prior to the king's authority, the Navarrese author Garcia de Gongora states as follows in 1626:{{blockquote|Two languages are spoken across the kingdom, Basque and [[Spanish language|Romance]], but most properly the Cantabric [language] Basque, the original and most ancient, brought along by [[Origin of the Basques#Tubalism|its creator, the patriarch Tubal]], devoid of mingling with others; it has always been preserved there, except in the Ribera and the bordering areas of Castile and Aragon, where Romance is spoken.| García de Gongora (pseudonym of Juan Sada Amezqueta)<ref name="Monreal 55-61">{{cite book | author1 = Monreal, Gregorio| author2 = Jimeno, Roldan|year = 2012 | title = Conquista e Incorporación de Navarra a Castilla| publisher = Pamiela | location=Pamplona-Iruña|pages = 55–61 | isbn = 978-84-7681-736-0}}</ref>}}

[[José Moret]], chronicler of the kingdom, called Navarre and its bordering provinces "the lands of Basque", claiming also that Tubal founded the Kingdom of Navarre.<ref name="Monreal 55-61"/> However, Basque underwent a gradual erosion, accelerated following the conquest of the kingdom in the early 16th century due to the homogenizing push of the new Castilian authorities and the neglect of its own elites, among other reasons.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mikelarena Peña|first=Fernando|date=2003|title=La evolución demográfica de la población vascoparlante en Navarra entre 1553 y 1936|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=324143|journal=Fontes linguae vasconum: Studia et documenta|volume=92|pages=183–197|issn=0046-435X}}</ref> By 1778, 121,000 inhabitants out of 227,000 were Basque speakers, 53% of its population, still the largest amount of Basque speakers across [[Basque Country (greater region)|all Basque territories]]. However, the number of speakers dropped sharply in the 19th century. In 1936, Basque speakers accounted for a 17% of the total Navarrese population.<ref name=":1" />

Other languages have been spoken, but have disappeared, such as [[Navarro-Aragonese]], a Romance language that was spoken in the Middle Ages around the central part of the [[Ebro]] basin. Starting in the late 11th century, the influx of pilgrims and colonizers from Toulouse and surrounding areas (''Francs'') who settled in separate boroughs along the Way of Saint James rendered [[Occitan language|Occitan]] the status language of the kingdom up to early 14th century. [[Navarro-Aragonese]] became the written language in court and royal administration by 1329, when it reached official status.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=16134|title=Notas gráfico-fonéticas sobre la documentación medieval navarra|last=Cierbide|first=Ricardo|journal=Príncipe de Viana|year=1998|volume=59|issue=214|pages=523–534}}</ref> However, from the 15th century onwards the language grew closer to Castilian ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]) and eventually merged with it.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lugar de encuentro de lenguas y culturas|last=Herria|first=Euskal}}</ref> Other languages which at some point held a status or were spoken in certain communities and periods are [[Erromintxela language|Erromintxela]], [[French language|French]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], and [[Arabic]].