Editing Music of Latin America (section)

===Puerto Rico===
{{Main|Music of Puerto Rico}}
[[File:Ricky Martin cropped1.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Ricky Martin cropped1.jpg|thumb|alt=Martin in 2011|upright=0.8|[[Ricky Martin]]]]
The history of music on the island of Puerto Rico begins with its original inhabitants, the Taínos. The Taíno Indians have influenced the Puerto Rican culture greatly, leaving behind important contributions such as their musical instruments, language, food, plant medicine and art. The heart of much Puerto Rican music is the idea of improvisation in both the music and the lyrics. A performance takes on an added dimension when the audience can anticipate the response of one performer to a difficult passage of music or clever lyrics created by another. When two singers, either both men or a man and a woman, engage in vocal competition in música jíbara this is a special type of seis called a ''controversia''. Of all [[Puerto Rico]]'s musical exports, the best-known is [[reggaeton]]. ''[[Bomba (Puerto Rico)|Bomba]]'' and ''[[plena]]'' have long been popular, while reggaetón is a relatively recent invention. 
[[File:Rita Moreno in The Ritz (1975).jpg|thumb|left|[[Rita Moreno]] in ''[[The Ritz (film)|The Ritz]]'' in 1975]]

It is a form of urban contemporary music, often combining other Latin musical styles, Caribbean and West Indies music, (such as reggae, ''soca'', Spanish reggae, salsa, merengue and ''[[bachata (music)|bachata]]''.<ref name="dukeupress.edu">[https://www.dukeupress.edu/Reggaeton/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509042418/http://www.dukeupress.edu/Reggaeton|date=2014-05-09}}. Raquel Z. Rivera. 2009. ''Reggaeton''. "Part I. Mapping Reggaeton". From Música Negra to Reggaeton Latino: Wayne Marshall. "Part II. The Panamanian Connection". Placing Panama in the Reggaeton Narrative: Editor's Notes / Wayne Marshall. Duke University Press, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. {{ISBN|978-0-8223-4383-7}}</ref> It originates from Panamanian [[Reggae en Español]] and Jamaican dancehall, however received its rise to popularity through Puerto Rico.<ref>Franco, Edgardo A. "Muévelo (move it!): from Panama to New York and back again, the story of El General". Interview by Christoph Twickel. Reggaeton. Eds. Raquel Z. Rivera, Wayne Marshall, and Deborah Pacini Hernandez. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009. 99–108.</ref><ref>Buckley "Bush", Francisco. La música salsa en Panamá. Panama: EUPAN, 2004.</ref><ref>Aulder, Leonardo Renato. "The Panamanian Origins of Reggae en Español: Seeing History through 'los ojos café' of Renato". Interview by Ifeoma C. K. Nwankwo. Reggaeton. Eds. Raquel Z. Rivera, Wayne Marshall, and Deborah Pacini Hernandez. Durham: Duke University Press, 2009. 89–98.</ref><ref>Andrews, George Reid. Afro-Latin America, 1800–2000. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref>''Tropikeo'' is the fusion of R&B, Rap, Hip Hop, Funk and Techno Music within a Tropical musical frame of salsa, in which the conga drums and/or timbales drums are the main source of rhythm of the tune, in conjunction with a heavy salsa "montuno" of the piano. The lyrics of the song can be rapped or sung, or used combining both styles, as well as danced in both styles. ''Aguinaldo'' from Puerto Rico is similar to Christmas carols, except that they are usually sung in a parranda, which is rather like a lively parade that moves from house to house in a neighborhood, looking for holiday food and drink. The melodies were subsequently used for the improvisational décima and seis. There are aguinaldos that are usually sung in churches or religious services, while there are aguinaldos that are more popular and are sung in the parrandas. [[Danza]] is a very sophisticated form of music that can be extremely varied in its expression; they can be either romantic or festive. Romantic danzas have four sections, beginning with an eight measure paseo followed by three themes of sixteen measures each. The third theme typically includes a solo by the [[bombardino]] and, often, a return to the first theme or a coda at the end. Festive danzas are free-form, with the only rules being an introduction and a swift rhythm. [[Plena]] is a narrative song from the coastal regions of Puerto Rico, especially around [[Ponce, Puerto Rico]].<ref>[http://travelandsports.com/cp733.htm ''Semana de la Danza.'' Travel & Sports: Puerto Rico.] Retrieved May 7, 2010.</ref> Its origins have been various claimed as far back as 1875 and as late as 1920. As rural farmers moved to [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]] and other cities, they brought plena with them and eventually added horns and improvised call and response vocals. Lyrics generally deal with stories or current events, though some are light-hearted or humorous.