Editing Monarchy of Canada (section)

===Royal presence and duties===
{{Further|Royal tours of Canada}}
[[File:Prince of Wales lays last stone of Victoria Bridge.jpg|thumb|[[Edward VII|Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]], lays the last stone for the [[Victoria Bridge (Montreal)|Victoria Bridge]] in [[Montreal]] during his 1860 royal tour]]

Members of the royal family have been present in Canada since the late 18th century, their reasons including participating in military manoeuvres, serving as the federal viceroy, or undertaking official royal tours, which "reinforce [the] country's collective heritage".<ref name=CHP>{{Citation |url=https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/pages/28_royalty_royaute.aspx |title="At Home in Canada": Royalty at Canada's Historic Places |publisher=Canada's Historic Places |access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref> At least one royal tour has been conducted every year between 1957 and 2018.<ref>{{Harvnb|Heard|2018|p=117}}</ref>

The "welfare and service" function of the monarchy is regarded as an important part of the modern monarchy's role and demonstrates a significant change to the institution in recent generations, from a heavily ceremonialized, imperial crown to a "more demotic and visible" head of state "interacting with the general population far beyond confined court circles."<ref>{{Harvnb|Hazell|Morris|2017|pp=26–27}}</ref> As such, a prominent feature of tours are royal walkabouts; a tradition initiated in 1939 by [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]] when she was in Ottawa and broke from the royal party to speak directly to gathered veterans.<ref name=Benoit>{{Harvnb|Benoit|2002|p=3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Pigott |first=Peter |title=Royal Transport: An Inside Look at the History of Royal Travel |publisher=Dundurn Press |date=2005 |location=Toronto |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8WSLImiMDhAC |isbn=978-1-5500-2572-9}}</ref> Usually important milestones, anniversaries, or celebrations of [[Culture of Canada|Canadian culture]] will warrant the presence of the monarch,<ref name=Benoit/> while other members of the royal family will be asked to participate in lesser occasions. A [[#Federal residences and royal household|household]] to assist and tend to the monarch forms part of the royal party.

Official duties involve the sovereign [[List of state and official visits by Canada|representing the Canadian state at home or abroad]], or her relations as members of the [[#Royal family and house|royal family]] participating in government organized ceremonies either in Canada or elsewhere;{{#tag:ref|Though the royal family represents other countries abroad, as directed by their respective cabinets, and typically the governor general will undertake [[state visit]]s and other foreign duties on behalf of the Queen of Canada,<ref name=Compendium/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/023004-2020-e.html |last=Library and Archives Canada |author-link=Library and Archives Canada |title=Politics and Government > By Executive Decree > The Governor General |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=18 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090811074157/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/executive-decree/023004-2020-e.html |archive-date=11 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gg.ca/osgg-bsgg/fin/2004-05/fs-2005-03_e.asp |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080608231931/http://www.gg.ca/osgg-bsgg/fin/2004-05/fs-2005-03_e.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 June 2008 |last=Office of the Governor General of Canada |title=The Office > Annual Reports > 2004–2005 > Report on Performance |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> members of the royal family will also take part in Canadian events overseas.{{Refn|<ref name=Buckner69/><ref name=CRHT>{{Cite web |url=http://www.crht.ca/DiscoverMonarchyFiles/QueenElizabethII.html |author=Canadian Royal Heritage Trust |title=Elizabeth II Queen of Canada |publisher=Canadian Royal Heritage Trust |access-date=22 May 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418061228/http://www.crht.ca/DiscoverMonarchyFiles/QueenElizabethII.html |archive-date=18 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=memorials/ww1mem/vimy/battle&CFID=14831976&CFTOKEN=67789669 |author=Veterans Affairs Canada |title=Canada Remembers > Memorials to Canadians' Achievements and Sacrifices > First World War Memorials in Europe > Vimy Memorial > The Battle of Vimy Ridge > The Canadian National Vimy Memorial – Fast Facts |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=24 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617191924/http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=memorials%2Fww1mem%2Fvimy%2Fbattle&CFID=14831976&CFTOKEN=67789669 |archive-date=17 June 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Foot |first=Richard |title=Vimy memorial had a turbulent history of its own |newspaper=The Vancouver Sun |page=A4 |date=4 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=Elizabeth II |author-link=Elizabeth II |date=1957 |contribution=Radio address to Canadians |contribution-url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/files/pdf/1957canada.pdf |editor=The Royal Household |title=Images and Broadcasts > The Queen's Speeches |location=London |publisher=Queen's Printer |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/Home.aspx |access-date=3 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831232450/http://www.royal.gov.uk/Home.aspx |archive-date=31 August 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Royal Visit |magazine=Time |volume=IXX |issue=17 |location=New York |date=21 October 1957 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,937945,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070513184211/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,937945,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 May 2007 |issn=0040-781X |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/CourtCircular/Todaysevents.aspx |author=The Royal Household |title=Past events (Court Circular) > Search the Court Circular > 13 May 1998 |publisher=Queen's Printer |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Valpy |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Valpy |title=A Queen and her agent may mix |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=8 June 2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Remembering Vimy – 90th Anniversary Celebrations on CTV, April 9 |publisher=CTV |date=4 April 2007 |url=http://www.tvthrong.ca/remembering-vimy/remembering-vimy-90th-anniversary-celebrations-on-ctv-april-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618053606/http://www.tvthrong.ca/remembering-vimy/remembering-vimy-90th-anniversary-celebrations-on-ctv-april-9 |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 June 2008 |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Royal Respect for Canada's Vimy Heroes, Queen of Canada Rededicates Memorial on French Soil |journal=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Summer 2007 |issue=26 |page=3 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |location=Toronto |date=2007 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2007/Summer_2007_CMN.pdf |access-date=22 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625225416/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2007/Summer_2007_CMN.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Prince Charles, Clarkson honour D-Day fallen |publisher=CTV |date=6 June 2004 |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/20040606/d-day_charles_040605/20040606?hub=Canada&subhub=PrintStory |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605233002/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/print/CTVNews/20040606/d-day_charles_040605/20040606?hub=Canada&subhub=PrintStory |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2008 |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/CourtCircular/Todaysevents.aspx |author=The Royal Household |title=Past events (Court Circular) > Search the Court Circular > 14 April 2007 |publisher=Queen's Printer |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Another Member of the Canadian Royal Family Performs Duties Abroad |journal=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Summer 2007 |issue=26 |page=4 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |location=Toronto |date=2007 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2007/Summer_2007_CMN.pdf |access-date=22 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625225416/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2007/Summer_2007_CMN.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/LatestNewsandDiary/CourtCircular/Todaysevents.aspx |author=The Royal Household |title=Past events (Court Circular) > Search the Court Circular > 7–8 June 2008 |publisher=Queen's Printer |access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Bousfield|Toffoli|2002|p=67}}</ref>}}|group=n|name=Duties}}{{Refn|<ref name=RT2010>{{Cite web |url=http://www.royaltour.gc.ca/faq-eng.cfm |last=Government of Canada |author-link=Government of Canada |title=2010 Royal Tour > Frequently Asked Questions > Who pays for Royal Tours of Canada? |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=15 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621033614/http://royaltour.gc.ca/faq-eng.cfm |archive-date=21 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=MJ>{{Cite journal |last=Jackson |first=D. Michael |title=The "Working" Princess: Saskatchewan Welcomes the Princess Royal |journal=Canadian Monarchist News |volume=Summer 2004 |issue=24 |page=8 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |location=Toronto |date=2004 |url=http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2004/Sum04PDFPRinSask.pdf |access-date=22 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625225450/http://www.monarchist.ca/cmn/2004/Sum04PDFPRinSask.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Queen arrives in Saskatchewan |publisher=CBC |date=18 May 2005 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/queen-arrives-in-saskatchewan-1.564154 |access-date=22 May 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203051253/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/05/17/royal-visit-050517.html |archive-date=3 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |author=The Royal Household |title=The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh pay a centenary visit to Canada, 17 – May 24, 2005 |magazine=Royal Insight Magazine |volume=May 2005 |publisher=Queen's Printer |location=London |date=2005 |url=http://194.203.40.17/output/page4120.asp |access-date=22 May 2009}}{{Dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{Cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>}} sometimes these individuals are employed in asserting Canada's sovereignty over its territories.{{#tag:ref|In 1970, Queen Elizabeth II, the Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Charles, and Princess Anne undertook a tour of [[Northern Canada]], in part to demonstrate to an unconvinced American government and the [[Soviet Union]] that [[Territorial claims in the Arctic|Canada had certain claim to its Arctic territories]], which were strategic during the [[Cold War]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.canadaka.net/link.php?id=87466 |last=Davison |first=Janet |title=Princess Anne's Ottawa tour will honour 'everyday heroes' |date=7 November 2014 |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref>|group=n|name=Arctic}} The advice of the Canadian Cabinet is the impetus for royal participation in any Canadian event, though, at present, the Chief of Protocol and his staff in the [[Department of Canadian Heritage]] are, as part of the State Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Program,<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Canada Post |author-link=Canada Post |title=Queen Elizabeth: 1926–2006 |journal=Canada's Stamp Details |volume=XV |issue=1 |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |location=Ottawa |date=January–March 2006 |url=http://www.canadapost.ca/personal/collecting/default-e.asp?stamp=stpartl&detail=1350 |access-date=14 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023071429/http://www.canadapost.ca/personal/collecting/default-e.asp?stamp=stpartl&detail=1350 |archive-date=23 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/actvt/105-eng.cfm |last=Department of Canadian Heritage |title=Subjects > Citizenship and Identity > Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > Reinforcement of constitutional links with the institutions of the Canadian Monarchy |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada |access-date=22 May 2009 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225075402/http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/actvt/105-eng.cfm |url-status=dead}}</ref> responsible for orchestrating any official events in or for Canada that involve the royal family.<ref name=Hansard62>{{Cite hansard |url=https://sencanada.ca/content/sen/Chamber/392/Debates/PDF/062db_2008-05-27-E.pdf |title=Debates of the Senate |house=Senate |date=27 May 2008| column_start=1373| column_end=1374 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326043230/https://sencanada.ca/content/sen/Chamber/392/Debates/PDF/062db_2008-05-27-E.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref>
[[File:Prince Philip as Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Canadian Regiment.jpg|thumb|[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]] with the [[Royal Canadian Regiment]] as their [[colonel-in-chief]], April 2013]]

Conversely, unofficial duties are performed by royal family members for Canadian organizations of which they may be [[Patronage|patrons]], through their attendance at charity events, visiting with members of the Canadian Forces as colonel-in-chief, or marking certain key anniversaries.<ref name=RT2010/><ref name=MJ/> The invitation and expenses associated with these undertakings are usually borne by the associated organization.<ref name=RT2010/> In 2005, members of the royal family were present at a total of 76 Canadian engagements, as well as several more through 2006 and 2007.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.monarchist.ca/files/publications/costofthecrown2009.pdf |last=Berezovsky |first=Eugene |title=The Cost of Canada's Constitutional Monarchy |edition=4 |date=2009 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |access-date=14 April 2023 |archive-date=14 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414233305/https://www.monarchist.ca/files/publications/costofthecrown2009.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the period between 2019 and 2022, they carried out 53 engagements, the number reduced, and all through the latter year and a half being virtual, because of restrictions in place during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Canada|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.monarchist.ca/cost-of-the-crown |author=Monarchist League of Canada |title=Canada's Constitutional Monarchy: Good Value, Small Cost |journal=Canadian Monarchist News |page=5 |volume=Winter 2021 |issue=53 |date=2021 |publisher=Monarchist League of Canada |access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref> The various viceroys took part in 4,023 engagements through 2019 and 2020, both in-person and virtually.<ref>{{Harvnb|Monarchist League of Canada|2021|p=3}}</ref>

Apart from Canada, the King and other members of the royal family regularly perform public duties in the other 14 Commonwealth realms in which the King is head of state. This situation, however, can mean the monarch and/or members of the royal family will be promoting one nation and not another; a situation that has been met with criticism.{{#tag:ref|Former Minister of External Affairs [[Mitchell Sharp]] commented on a situation wherein Elizabeth II was in Latin America to promote British goods at the same time a Canadian ministerial trip to the same area was underway to promote Canadian products. Sharp stated: "We couldn't ask Her Majesty to perform the function she was performing for Britain on that Latin American trip because the Queen is never recognized as Queen of Canada, except when she is in Canada."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharp |first=Mitchell |author-link=Mitchell Sharp |title=Which Reminds Me: A Memoir |publisher=University of Toronto Press |date=1994 |location=Toronto |page=[https://archive.org/details/whichremindsmeme0000shar/page/223 223] |isbn=978-0-8020-0545-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/whichremindsmeme0000shar/page/223}}</ref> The Queen's participation in Canadian events overseas contradicts Sharp's statement, however.{{#tag:ref||group=n|name=RoyVis}}{{#tag:ref||group=n|name=Duties}}|group=n|name=Sharp}}