Editing Michael Bloomberg (section)

=== Environmental advocacy ===
Bloomberg is an environmentalist and has advocated policy to fight climate change at least since he became the mayor of New York City. In September 2023, the [[New York Times]] called Bloomberg "perhaps the world's single largest funder of climate activism."<ref name="Gelles">{{Cite news |last=Gelles |first=David |date=2023-09-20 |title=Michael Bloomberg Dials Up a War on Plastics |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/20/climate/michael-blooomberg-climate-petrochemicals.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> At the national level, Bloomberg has consistently pushed for transitioning the United States' energy mix from fossil fuels to clean energy. In July 2011, Bloomberg Philanthropies donated $50 million to [[Sierra Club]]'s [[Beyond Coal]] campaign, allowing the campaign to expand its efforts to shut down [[coal-fired power plant]]s from 15 states to 45 states.<ref>{{cite news |title=N.Y. Mayor Bloomberg gives $50 million to fight coal-fired power plants |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/mayor-bloomberg-gives-50-million-to-fight-coal-fired-power-plants/2011/07/20/gIQAEKKURI_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=July 20, 2011 |access-date=November 10, 2015 |issn=0190-8286 |first1=Christian |last1=Torres |first2=Juliet |last2=Eilperin}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mayor Bloomberg Donates $50 Million To Sierra Club |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/07/21/138568843/mayor-bloomberg-donates-50-million-to-sierra-club |date=July 21, 2011 |publisher=NPR |access-date=November 10, 2015 |first=Elizabeth |last=Shogren|newspaper=NPR.org }}</ref> In 2015, Bloomberg announced an additional $30 million contribution to the Beyond Coal initiative, matched with another $30&nbsp;million by other donors, to help secure the retirement of half of America's fleet of coal plants by 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Michael Bloomberg's war on coal |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2015/04/michael-bloomberg-environment-coal-sierra-club-116793 |work=[[Politico]] |first=Andrew |last=Restuccia |date=April 8, 2015 |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> In July 2017, Europe Beyond Coal was established to phase out use of coal on the continent by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Toussaint|first=Kristin|date=May 8, 2020|title=Europe is getting off coal even faster than expected|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90502628/europe-is-getting-off-coal-even-faster-than-expected|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=Fast Company|language=en-US}}</ref> Austria closed its final coal-fired plant in April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Frangoul|first=Anmar|date=April 20, 2020|title=Austria's last coal-fired power station closes as the country pushes renewables|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/20/austrias-last-coal-fired-power-station-has-closed-down.html|access-date=August 7, 2020|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> In early June 2019, Bloomberg pledged $500 million to reduce climate impacts and shut remaining coal-fired power plants by 2030 via the new Beyond Carbon initiative.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/michael-bloomberg-to-put-500m-into-closing-all-remaining-coal-plants-by-2030/ |title=Bloomberg to put $500M into closing all remaining coal plants by 2030 |date=June 7, 2019 |website=CBS News |language=en-US |access-date=June 8, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://fortune.com/2019/06/07/michael-bloomberg-climate-change/ |title=Bloomberg Pledges $500 Million to Coordinated Campaign to Combat Climate Change |last=Bach |first=Natasha |date=June 7, 2019 |website=Fortune |language=en |access-date=June 8, 2019}}</ref> In September 2023, Bloomberg committed another $500 million to Beyond Carbon to "finish the job on coal."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Prest |first=M.J. |date=2023-09-27 |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Commits $500 Million to Beyond Carbon Campaign |work=The Chronicle of Philanthropy |url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/bloomberg-philanthropies-commits-500-million-to-beyond-carbon-campaign |access-date=2023-11-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Volcovici |first=Valerie |last2= |first2= |date=2023-09-20 |title=Michael Bloomberg pumps $500 million into bid to close all US coal plants |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/michael-bloomberg-pumps-500-million-into-bid-close-all-us-coal-plants-2023-09-20/ |access-date=2023-11-08}}</ref>

Bloomberg Philanthropies awarded a $6 million grant to the [[Environmental Defense Fund]] in support of strict regulations on [[fracking]] in the 14 states with the heaviest natural gas production.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg Backs Fracking, With Rules to Protect the Environment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/25/nyregion/bloomberg-backs-gas-drilling-with-rules-to-protect-the-environment.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 24, 2012 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0362-4331 |first=Mireya |last=Navarro |url-access=limited}}</ref>

In 2013, Bloomberg and Bloomberg Philanthropies launched the Risky Business initiative with former Treasury Secretary [[Hank Paulson]] and hedge-fund billionaire [[Tom Steyer]]. The joint effort worked to convince the business community of the need for more sustainable energy and development policies, by quantifying and publicizing the economic risks the United States faces from the [[impact of climate change]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Risky Business' Report Aims to Frame Climate Change as Economic Issue |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/risky-business-report-aims-to-frame-climate-change-as-economic-issue-1403578637 |date=June 23, 2014 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0099-9660 |first=Alicia |last=Mundy |url-access=subscription}}</ref> In January 2015, Bloomberg led Bloomberg Philanthropies in a $48-million partnership with the Heising-Simons family to launch the Clean Energy Initiative. The initiative supports state-based solutions aimed at ensuring America has a clean, reliable, and affordable energy system.<ref>{{cite web |title=States Get $48M Boost From Bloomberg Charity To Help Meet Obama Climate Change Agenda |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/states-get-48m-boost-bloomberg-charity-help-meet-obama-climate-change-agenda-1789946 |website=International Business Times |access-date=November 11, 2015 |date=January 21, 2015}}</ref>

Since 2010, Bloomberg has taken an increasingly global role on environmental issues. From 2010 to 2013, he served as the chairman of the [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group]], a network of the world's biggest cities working together to reduce [[carbon emissions]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.c40.org/history |title=History of the C40 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=C40 Cities |publisher=c40.org}}</ref> During his tenure, Bloomberg worked with President Bill Clinton to merge C40 with the [[Clinton Climate Initiative]], with the goal of amplifying their efforts in the global fight against climate change worldwide.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bloomberg and Bill Clinton to Merge Climate Groups |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/14/nyregion/14bloomberg.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 13, 2011 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |issn=0362-4331 |first=Michael |last=Barbaro |url-access=limited}}</ref> He serves as the president of the board of C40 Cities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cities-today.com/interview-michael-bloomberg-outgoing-chair-and-current-president-c40-cities |title=Interview: Michael Bloomberg, Outgoing Chair and Current President C40 Cities. |date=February 18, 2014 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=Cities Today |last=Andrews |first=Jonathan}}</ref> In January 2014, Bloomberg began a five-year commitment totaling $53&nbsp;million through Bloomberg Philanthropies to the Vibrant Oceans Initiative. The initiative partners Bloomberg Philanthropies with [[Oceana (non-profit group)|Oceana]], [[Rare (conservation organization)|Rare]], and Encourage Capital to help reform fisheries and increase sustainable populations worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bloomberg-philanthropies-commits-53-million-675418 |title=Bloomberg Philanthropies Commits $53 Million to Save the Oceans |date=January 29, 2014 |access-date=November 11, 2015 |website=The Hollywood Reporter}}</ref> In 2018, Bloomberg joined [[Ray Dalio]] in announcing a commitment of $185&nbsp;million towards protecting the oceans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathleenchaykowski/2018/10/29/ray-dalio-and-michael-bloomberg-commit-185-million-to-protect-the-oceans/ |date=October 29, 2018 |title=Ray Dalio and Michael Bloomberg Commit $185 Million To Protect The Oceans |last=Chaykowski |first=Kathleen |website=Forbes |language=en |access-date=April 2, 2019}}</ref>

In 2014, [[United Nations Secretary General]] [[Ban Ki-moon]] appointed Bloomberg as his first Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change to help the United Nations work with cities to prevent climate change.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.N. appoints former NYC Mayor Bloomberg cities, climate change envoy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-un-bloomberg/u-n-appoints-former-nyc-mayor-bloomberg-cities-climate-change-envoy-idUSBREA0U02Q20140131 |first=Michelle |last=Nichols |work=Reuters |date=January 31, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> In September 2014, Bloomberg convened with Ban and global leaders at the UN Climate Summit to announce definite action to fight climate change in 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.N. climate summit is high-profile, but some of world's most important leaders will skip it |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/09/22/u-n-climate-summit-is-high-profile-but-some-of-worlds-most-important-leaders-will-skip-it |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=September 22, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2015 |issn=0190-8286 |first=Adam |last=Taylor}}</ref> In 2018, Ban's successor [[António Guterres]] appointed Bloomberg as UN envoy for climate action.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sga1791.doc.htm |title=Secretary-General Appoints Michael R. Bloomberg of United States Special Envoy for Climate Action |website=www.un.org |language=en |access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://nypost.com/2018/03/05/mike-bloomberg-to-lead-uns-climate-change-initiative/ |title=Mike Bloomberg to lead UN's climate change initiative |date=March 6, 2018 |work=New York Post |access-date=May 10, 2018 |language=en-US}}</ref> He resigned in November 2019, in the run-up to his presidential campaign.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Edith M. |last=Lederer |url=https://apnews.com/635749720def4d4ab7f140f5c40716a0|title=Bloomberg, now Democratic candidate, resigns UN climate post|date=November 25, 2019|work=Associated Press}}</ref> On 5 February 2021, however, he was re-appointed by Guterres as his Special Envoy on Climate Ambition and Solutions in the lead-up to the climate conference in [[Scotland]] scheduled for November 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nichols|first=Michelle|date=2021-02-05|title=U.N. chief names Michael Bloomberg climate envoy to rally action|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-climate-bloomberg-idUSKBN2A516B|access-date=2021-07-17}}</ref>

In late 2014, Bloomberg, Ban Ki-moon, and global city networks [[ICLEI]]-Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), [[C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group]] (C40) and [[United Cities and Local Governments]] (UCLG), with support from UN-Habitat, launched the [[Compact of Mayors]], a global coalition of mayors and city officials pledging to reduce local greenhouse gas emissions, enhance [[climate resilience]], and track their progress transparently.<ref>{{cite web |title=C40: About the Compact of Mayors |url=http://www.c40.org/compact_of_mayors |website=c40.org |access-date=November 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102041301/http://www.c40.org/compact_of_mayors |archive-date=November 2, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> To date, over 250 cities representing more than 300&nbsp;million people worldwide and 4.1 percent of the total global population, have committed to the Compact of Mayors,<ref>{{cite web |title=News Archives – Compact of Mayors |url=http://www.compactofmayors.org/news/category/news |website=Compact of Mayors |access-date=November 10, 2015}}</ref> which was merged with the [[Covenant of Mayors]] in June 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/22/compact-of-mayors-and-eu-covenant-of-mayors-launch-largest-global-coalition-of-cities-committed-to-fighting-climate-change |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623164802/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/22/compact-of-mayors-and-eu-covenant-of-mayors-launch-largest-global-coalition-of-cities-committed-to-fighting-climate-change/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 23, 2016 |title=Compact of Mayors and EU Covenant of Mayors launch largest global coalition of cities committed to fighting climate change |date=June 22, 2016 |website=National Geographic Society (blogs) |publisher=nationalgeographic.com |access-date=July 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ecowatch.com/7-100-cities-from-119-countries-join-together-in-historic-collaboratio-1891181666.html |title=7,100 Cities From 119 Countries Join Together in Historic Collaboration to Accelerate Climate Action |website=EcoWatch |access-date=July 21, 2016 |date=June 23, 2016}}</ref>

In 2015, Bloomberg and [[mayor of Paris|Paris mayor]] [[Anne Hidalgo]] created the Climate Summit for Local Leaders.<ref>{{cite web |title=Local-governments day announced for Paris climate summit |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/07/local-governments-day-announced-paris-climate-summit |website=citiscope.org |access-date=November 10, 2015 |first=Greg |last=Scruggs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211161252/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/07/local-governments-day-announced-paris-climate-summit |archive-date=December 11, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which convened assembled hundreds of city leaders from around the world at [[Paris City Hall]] to discuss fighting climate change.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7b1fc3b0-9a92-11e5-be4f-0abd1978acaa.html#axzz43Ac4ZQjU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210211256/https://www.ft.com/content/7b1fc3b0-9a92-11e5-be4f-0abd1978acaa#axzz43Ac4ZQjU |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=Mayors call for more powers to fight climate change |last=Stothard |first=Michael |date=December 4, 2015 |newspaper=Financial Times |issn=0307-1766 |access-date=March 17, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52731#.Vuq9IvkrJ2R |title=COP21 in Paris, mayors and celebrities join UN launch of report on boosting investment towards climate smart cities |last=Section |first=United Nations News Service |date=December 4, 2015 |website=UN News Service Section |access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/extending-local-level-climate-action-beyond-30-ring-circus-cop-21 |title=Extending local-level climate action beyond '30-ring circus' of COP 21 |website=citiscope.org |access-date=March 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323212639/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/extending-local-level-climate-action-beyond-30-ring-circus-cop-21 |archive-date=March 23, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Summit concluded with the presentation of the Paris Declaration, a pledge by leaders from assembled global cities to cut carbon emissions by 3.7 gigatons annually by 2030.<ref>{{cite web |first=Greg |last=Scruggs |date=December 5, 2015 |url=http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/paris-city-hall-declaration-world-mayors-throw-down-gauntlet-climate |title=With Paris City Hall Declaration, world mayors throw down gauntlet on climate |website=citiscope.org |access-date=March 17, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323195413/http://citiscope.org/habitatIII/news/2015/12/paris-city-hall-declaration-world-mayors-throw-down-gauntlet-climate |archive-date=March 23, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

During the [[2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference|2015 UN Climate Change Conference]] in Paris, [[Mark Carney]], [[Governor of the Bank of England]] and chair of the [[Financial Stability Board]], announced that Bloomberg would lead a new global task force designed to help industry and financial markets understand the growing [[risks of climate change]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/04/mark-carney-unveils-global-taskforce-to-educate-business-on-climate-change |title=Michael Bloomberg to head global taskforce on climate change |last=Elliott |first=Larry |date=December 4, 2015|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref>

Following President [[Donald Trump]]'s announcement that the [[United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement|U.S. government would withdraw from the Paris climate accord]], Bloomberg outlined a coalition of cities, states, universities and businesses that had come together to honor America's commitment under the agreement through 'America's Pledge'.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-climate-paris-idUSKBN18W2DQ |title=Bloomberg delivers U.S. pledge to continue Paris climate goals to U.N. |date=June 5, 2017 |work=Reuters |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref> Bloomberg offered up to $15&nbsp;million to the [[UNFCCC]], the UN body that assists countries with climate change efforts.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bill |last=Chappell |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/02/531238185/bloomberg-promises-15-million-to-help-make-up-for-u-s-withdrawal-from-climate-de |title=Bloomberg Promises $15 Million To Help Make Up For U.S. Withdrawal From Climate Deal |publisher=NPR|access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/01/climate/american-cities-climate-standards.html |title=Bucking Trump, These Cities, States and Companies Commit to Paris Accord |last1=Tabuchi |first1=Hiroko |author-link=Hiroko Tabuchi |date=June 1, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 18, 2017 |last2=Fountain |first2=Henry |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref> About a month later, Bloomberg and California Governor [[Jerry Brown]] announced that the America's Pledge coalition would work to "quantify the actions taken by U.S. states, cities and business to drive down greenhouse gas emissions consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.americaspledgeonclimate.com/ |title=America's Pledge on Climate Change |website=Americas Pledge On Climate |language=en-US |access-date=August 18, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/denizcam/2017/07/12/michael-bloomberg-and-california-governor-jerry-brown-pledge-to-fight-climate-change/#6359665d8ab2 |title=Michael Bloomberg and California Governor Jerry Brown Pledge To Fight Climate Change |last=Cam |first=Deniz |work=Forbes |access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In announcing the initiative, Bloomberg said "the American government may have pulled out of the Paris agreement, but American society remains committed to it."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/americas-pledge-jerry-brown-michael-bloomberg-climate-change-2017-7 |first=Madeleine Sheehan |last=Perkins |date=July 12, 2017 |title=The governor of California and Michael Bloomberg launched a new plan to fight climate change – with or without Trump |work=Business Insider |access-date=August 18, 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Two [[think tank]]s, [[World Resources Institute|World Resource Institute]] and the [[Rocky Mountain Institute]], will work with America's Pledge to analyze the work cities, states and businesses do to meet the U.S. commitment to the Paris agreement.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/11/climate/cities-states-businesses-emissions-climate-pact.html |title=U.S. Cities, States and Businesses Pledge to Measure Emissions |last1=Tabuchi |first1=Hiroko |date=July 11, 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 18, 2017 |last2=Friedman |first2=Lisa |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref>

In May 2019, Bloomberg announced a 2020 Midwestern Collegiate Climate Summit in [[Washington University in St. Louis]] with the aim to bring together leaders from Midwestern universities, local government and the private sector to reduce climate impacts in the region.<ref name="midwestern collegiate">{{cite press release |url=https://www.bloomberg.org/press/releases/michael-bloomberg-announces-midwestern-collegiate-climate-summit/ |first1=Lee |last1=Cochran |first2=Erika |last2=Ebsworth-Goold |title=Michael Bloomberg Announces Midwestern Collegiate Climate Summit |website=Bloomberg Philanthropies |language=en-US |date=May 16, 2019 |access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/wash-u-becomes-hub-midwest-summit-fight-climate-change |date=May 16, 2019 |title=Wash U Becomes Hub Of Midwest Summit To Fight Climate Change |last=Chen |first=Eli|publisher=KWMU|language=en |access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/5e9ba538d48842dbbdc24ee9ea8aea39 |title=Michael Bloomberg announces St. Louis climate conference |date=May 17, 2019 |work=Associated Press|access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref>

Expanding on the work of Beyond Coal and Beyond Carbon, Bloomberg launched Beyond Petrochemicals in September 2022. The campaign takes aim at the rapid expansion of U.S. petrochemicals and [[plastic pollution]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Volcovici |first=Valerie |last2= |first2= |date=2022-09-21 |title=Bloomberg to spend $85 million against U.S. plastic, petrochem buildout |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/bloomberg-spend-85-million-against-us-plastic-petrochem-buildout-2022-09-21/ |access-date=2023-11-08}}</ref> The $85 million campaign aims to block the construction of 120 proposed petrochemical projects in Louisiana, Texas and the [[Ohio River Valley]].<ref name="Gelles"/>

Bloomberg serves as global adviser to the winners of the [[Earthshot Prize]]. His foundation Bloomberg Philanthropies is a founding partner of the Prize which awards {{GBP}}1,000,000 to each of five winners each year whose work will achieve ambitious climate and sustainability goals by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Alliance |url=https://earthshotprize.org/people-partners/global-alliance/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=The Earthshot Prize |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Tony |date=2023-09-19 |title=Prince of Wales hails 'inspiration and optimism' of Earthshot Prize finalists |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/mike-bloomberg-new-york-prince-of-wales-dpd-prince-b2414564.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> The 2023 finalists were announced at the Earthshot Prize Innovation Summit in September 2023 in New York, and the five winners were announced in November 2023 in Singapore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foster |first=Oscar Holland, Lauren Said-Moorhouse, Max |date=2023-11-07 |title=Prince William's 2023 Earthshot Prize winners announced |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/07/climate/prince-william-earthshot-prize-2023-winners-climate-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wroe |first=Amber |date=2023-09-11 |title=The Earthshot Prize and Bloomberg Philanthropies Announce Speakers for The Second Earthshot Prize Innovation Summit |url=https://earthshotprize.org/the-earthshot-prize-and-bloomberg-philanthropies-announce-speakers-for-the-second-earthshot-prize-innovation-summit/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=The Earthshot Prize |language=en-US}}</ref>