Editing Metro Manila (section)

==Government and politics==
{{Further|Administrative divisions of Metro Manila}}
{{See also|Metropolitan Manila Development Authority|Mayors of Metro Manila|List of city and municipal halls in Metro Manila}}

[[File:Malacañang Palace (local img).jpg|thumb|left|[[Malacañang Palace|Malacañan Palace]] is the [[official residence]] and principal workplace of the [[President of the Philippines]].]]
[[File:Batasan front qc.jpg|thumb|The [[Batasang Pambansa Complex]] is the seat of the [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|House of Representatives]].]]
<!-- [[File:PH-MM-MAKATI-EDSA-GUADALUPE-ORENSE-MMDA (2012).jpg|thumb|left|[[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority|MMDA]] Headquarters (2012)]] -->
[[File:Photo of the new 20-storey Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) Head Office Building in Pasig City which was inaugurated by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte on May 23, 2022 01.jpg|thumb|The new [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] (MMDA) Head Office Building (2022)]]

The framework of government and governance in Metro Manila is based on [[Philippine legal codes|Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the "Local Government Code of 1991"]]. This law outlines the powers and responsibilities of all local government units (LGUS) in the Philippines and thus forms the basis of inter-local governmental relations among the area's constituent local governments. The local government code grants these units significant political and administrative autonomy in accordance with the principles of decentralization and devolution of power. This situation presents a challenge to the coordination of policy and service delivery across the multiple autonomous local government units and is thus the underlying dilemma of metropolitan governance in Metro Manila.

The [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]] (MMDA) is the agency responsible for the delivery of public services in Metro Manila. Its services are limited to traffic management and garbage collection. Previously Metro Manila was governed by a regional government authority, the Metro Manila Commission and was [[Governor of Metro Manila|led by a governor]].

A bill was introduced in 2014 proposing the creation of a new governing body in Metro Manila to be known as the Metropolitan Manila Regional Administration (MMRA). Unlike the MMDA which is limited to being an administrative coordinating body, the proposed MMRA will have police and other typical municipal powers and is more akin to the [[Bangsamoro|Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Bill creating new Metro Manila body backed |work=[[Philippine Star]] |url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/09/25/1372873/bill-creating-new-metro-manila-body-backed |url-status=live |access-date=September 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006073115/http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/09/25/1372873/bill-creating-new-metro-manila-body-backed |archive-date=October 6, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=DOJ backs creation of Metropolitan Manila Regional Administration |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer|Inquirer.net]] |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/640403/doj-backs-creation-of-metropolitan-manila-regional-administration |url-status=live |access-date=March 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125119/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/640403/doj-backs-creation-of-metropolitan-manila-regional-administration |archive-date=April 2, 2015}}</ref>

Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, is the seat of the national government. All the main offices of the [[executive departments of the Philippines|executive departments of the country]] are in Metro Manila. The [[Department of Agrarian Reform]], [[Department of Agriculture (Philippines)|Department of Agriculture]], [[Department of Environment and Natural Resources]], National Housing Authority and [[Philippine Coconut Authority]] has their main offices based around [[Quezon Memorial Circle]] in [[Quezon City]].

[[Manila]], the capital city of the country, is the home to [[Malacañang Palace|Malacañan Palace]], the official residence and office of the [[President of the Philippines]]. The city is also the home to the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines]]. Other key national institutions based in Manila are the [[Philippine Court of Appeals|Court of Appeals]], the [[Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas]], and the [[Executive Departments of the Philippines|Departments]] of [[Department of Budget and Management|Budget and Management]], [[Department of Finance (Philippines)|Finance]], [[Department of Health (Philippines)|Health]], [[Department of Justice (Philippines)|Justice]], [[Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)|Labor and Employment]] and [[Department of Public Works and Highways|Public Works and Highways]]. Meanwhile, the [[Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)|Department of Science and Technology]] is based in [[Taguig]] while the [[Department of Tourism (Philippines)|Department of Tourism]] has its headquarters in [[Makati]]. Important economic and financial institutions headquartered in the region are the [[Asian Development Bank]], [[Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas]], [[Development Bank of the Philippines]], [[Land Bank of the Philippines]] and the [[National Economic and Development Authority]].

The main office of the [[Government Service Insurance System]] in [[Pasay]] serves as home to the [[Senate of the Philippines]]. Meanwhile, the [[House of Representatives of the Philippines]] is based in the [[Batasang Pambansa Complex]], [[Quezon City]] along with the [[Sandiganbayan]]. The [[Coconut Palace]] once served as the official office and residence of the [[Vice President of the Philippines]] in 2010–2016 and then the [[Quezon City Reception House]] for 2016-2022.

===Administrative divisions===
The political and administrative boundaries of the National Capital Region has not changed since its formation in 1975 as a public corporation under Presidential Decree No. 824. They are composed of sixteen [[Cities in the Philippines#Independent cities|independent cities]], classified as ''highly urbanized cities'', and one independent municipality: [[Pateros]].

{{col-begin|width=auto}}
{{col-break}}
[[File:Metro Manila in the Philippines.png|thumb|left|300px|{{center|Local Government Units (LGUs) of Metro Manila}}]]
{{col-break}}
{{unbulleted list
| {{Color box|#BFF5FF|†|border=darkgray}} {{font|Regional center|size=90%}}
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;text-align:right;font-size:95%;background-color:#FDFDFD;"
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" | City {{small|or}}<br />municipality
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;white-space:nowrap;" class="unsortable" colspan=2 | Population {{small|(2020)}}{{PH census|2020}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" colspan=2 | Area{{ref label|Area|a|none}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" colspan=2 | Density
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" | Incorporated (city)
|-
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" colspan=2 |
! scope="col" style="border-style:none none solid solid;" | km<sup>2</sup>
! scope="col" style="border-style:none solid solid none;white-space:nowrap;" class="unsortable" | sq mi
! scope="col" style="border-style:none none solid solid;" | /km<sup>2</sup>
! scope="col" style="border-style:none solid solid none;white-space:nowrap;" class="unsortable" | /sq mi
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Caloocan]]
| {{percent and number|1,661,584|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|55.80|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|1,661,584/55.80|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1962
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Las Piñas]]
| {{percent and number|606,293|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|32.69|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|606,293/32.69|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1997
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Makati]]
| {{percent and number|292,743|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|21.57|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|292,743/21.57|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1995
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Malabon]]
| {{percent and number|380,522|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|15.71|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|380,522/15.71|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 2001
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Mandaluyong]]
| {{percent and number|425,758|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|9.29|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|425,758/9.29|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1994
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#BFF5FF;border-right:0;" |{{sort|Manila|† [[Manila]]}}
| {{percent and number|1,846,513|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|42.34|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{ref label|ManilaCityArea|b|none}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|1,846,513/42.34|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1571
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Marikina]]
| {{percent and number|456,059|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|21.52|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|456,059/21.52|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1996
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Muntinlupa]]
| {{percent and number|543,445|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|39.75|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|543,445/39.75|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1995
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Navotas]]
| {{percent and number|247,543|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|8.94|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|247,543/8.94|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 2007
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Parañaque]]
| {{percent and number|689,992|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|46.57|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|689,992/46.57|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1998
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Pasay]]
| {{percent and number|440,656|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|13.97|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|440,656/13.97|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1947
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Pasig]]
| {{percent and number|803,159|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|48.46|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|803,159/48.46|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1995
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Pateros]]
| {{percent and number|65,227|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|1.66|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{ref label|PaterosArea|c|none}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|65,227/1.66|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1909 (''Not a city'')
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Quezon City]]
| {{percent and number|2,960,048|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|171.71|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|2,960,048/171.71|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1939
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]]
| {{percent and number|126,347|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|5.95|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|126,347/5.95|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 2007
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Taguig]]
| {{percent and number|1,223,595|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|47.28|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|1,223,595/47.28|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 2004
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;" | [[Valenzuela, Metro Manila|Valenzuela]]
| {{percent and number|714,978|13,484,462|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| {{convert|47.02|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|714,978/47.02|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1998
|-class="sortbottom"
! scope="row" colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Total
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | 13,484,462
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | 636.00
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | {{convert|636.00|km2|disp=number|2}}
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | {{sigfig|13,484,462/636.00|2}}
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | {{convert|{{sigfig|13,484,462/636.00|2}}|PD/km2|disp=number}}
! scope="col" style="background-color:none;border-bottom:none |
|-class="sortbottom" style="text-align:left;background-color:#F2F2F2;border-top:double grey;"
| colspan=8 style="padding-left:1em;" |
{{Ordered list
| list_style_type=lower-alpha
| {{note label|Area|a|none}}Land area figures are from the [[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]] and [[Geoscience Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 14, 2013 |title=An Update on the Earthquake Hazards and Risk Assessment of Greater Metropolitan Manila Area |url=http://www.mbc.com.ph/engine/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Solidum-Update-of-Earthquake-Hazards-and-Risk-Assessment-of-MMla-14Nov2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624134051/http://www.mbc.com.ph/engine/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Solidum-Update-of-Earthquake-Hazards-and-Risk-Assessment-of-MMla-14Nov2013.pdf |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |access-date=May 16, 2016 |publisher=[[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Enhancing Risk Analysis Capacities for Flood, Tropical Cyclone Severe Wind and Earthquake for the Greater Metro Manila Area Component 5 – Earthquake Risk Analysis |url=http://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1509/Component_5_Earthquake_Risk_Analysis_Technical%20Report_-_Final_Draft_by_GA_and_PHIVOLCS.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806150011/http://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/1509/Component_5_Earthquake_Risk_Analysis_Technical%20Report_-_Final_Draft_by_GA_and_PHIVOLCS.pdf |archive-date=August 6, 2016 |access-date=May 16, 2016 |publisher=[[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]] and [[Geoscience Australia]]}}</ref>
<!--<ref name="PSA-CitiesList">{{Cite web |title=PSGC Interactive; List of Cities |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listcity.asp |access-date=April 4, 2016 |website=Philippine Statistics Authority}}</ref> -->
| {{note label|ManilaCityArea|b|none}}Land area of Manila from the City of Manila official government website.<ref name="ManilaCityArea-2024">{{Cite web |title=City Profile |url=https://manila.gov.ph/city-profile/ |access-date=March 31, 2024 |website=City of Manila }}</ref>
| {{note label|PaterosArea|c|none}}Land area of Pateros from the Municipality of Pateros official government website.<ref name="PaterosGovPH-LandUse">{{Cite web |title=Land Use Classification |url=http://www.pateros.gov.ph/about_pateros/profile/land_use.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915135633/http://www.pateros.gov.ph/about_pateros/profile/land_use.asp |archive-date=September 15, 2008 |access-date=April 7, 2016 |website=Municipality of Pateros}}</ref>
}}
|}
{{col-end}}
{{clear}}
<!-- Representation to the two houses of the [[Congress of the Philippines]] is as follows:
* For the [[Senate of the Philippines|Senate]], polling is done at-large, nationwide.
* For the [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|House of Representatives]], each city has at least one representative; Pateros' representation is included with the first [[Sangguniang Panlungsod]] district of Taguig.
Metro Manila has its own judicial region, the National Capital Judicial Region, as such that all regional trial court judges can be stationed in anywhere within the region.-->

===Districts===
Unlike other [[Regions of the Philippines|administrative regions]] in the Philippines, Metro Manila is not composed of [[Provinces of the Philippines|provinces]]. Instead, the region is divided into four geographic areas called "districts".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Municipal and City Level Estimates |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/poverty/sae/2003%20SAE%20of%20poverty%20(Full%20Report).pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113232119/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/poverty/sae/2003%20SAE%20of%20poverty%20%28Full%20Report%29.pdf |archive-date=November 13, 2013 |access-date=July 14, 2014 |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board}}</ref> The districts have their district centers at the four original cities in the region: the city-district of Manila (Capital District), [[Quezon City]] (Eastern Manila), [[Caloocan]] (Northern Manila, also informally known as ''Camanava''), and [[Pasay]] (Southern Manila).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Environmental Management Bureau – National Capital Region |url=http://emb.gov.ph/emb_ncr/aboutus.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725195541/http://emb.gov.ph/emb_ncr/aboutus.htm |archive-date=July 25, 2014 |access-date=July 17, 2014 |publisher=Environmental Management Bureau}}</ref> The districts serve mainly to organize the region's local government units for fiscal and statistical purposes.
[[File:Districts of Metro Manila.svg|thumb|left|250px|Districts of Metro Manila]] {{Districts of Metro Manila|}} {{clear}}

===Future expansion===
There is a high demand for the inclusion of [[San Pedro, Laguna]] in Metro Manila. Support groups from the local government and non-government organizations are striving to incorporate San Pedro into Metro Manila.<ref name="MB-18SP">{{Cite web |title=San Pedro City eyed as 18th member of MMDA |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/san-pedro-city-eyed-as-18th-member-of-mmda/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231114421/http://www.mb.com.ph/san-pedro-city-eyed-as-18th-member-of-mmda/ |archive-date=December 31, 2014 |access-date=March 8, 2015 |website=[[Manila Bulletin]]}}</ref><ref name="Poli-TolSP">{{Cite web |title= Tolentino eyes San Pedro City in MMDA loop |url= https://politiko.com.ph/2014/12/31/tolentino-eyes-san-pedro-city-in-mmda-loop/politiko-lokal/ |date= December 31, 2014 |access-date= January 14, 2025 |author= <!-- Not stated --> |publisher= [[Prage]] |work= [[Politiko (website)|Politiko]] }}</ref> San Pedro was looked at as the 18th member of Metro Manila during former MMDA chairman [[Francis Tolentino]]'s term. Tolentino pushed for the inclusion of San Pedro in the National Capital Region to become its 18th member city.<ref name="MB-18SP" /><ref name="Poli-TolSP" />