Editing Mass of Paul VI (section)

===Criticisms of the text of the Missal===

==== Ottaviani Intervention ====
{{Main|Ottaviani Intervention}}

In 1969 Cardinals Alfredo Ottaviani and Antonio Bacci sent to Pope Paul VI a ''Short Critical Study of the'' {{lang|la|Novus Ordo Missae}}, commonly known as the "[[Ottaviani Intervention]]". In it, they described the new Missal as "a striking departure from the Catholic theology of the Holy Mass, as it was formulated by the [[Council of Trent]]". The mind behind the document is alleged to be theologian [[Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers]], who later became a sedeprivationist bishop and was excommunicated.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Likoudis |first1=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47nAmAHY9p8C&pg=PA148 |title=The Pope, the Council, and the Mass |last2=Whitehead |first2=K. D. |date=2006 |publisher=Emmaus Road Publishing |isbn=978-1-931018-34-0 |page=148 |language=en}}</ref>

Pope Paul VI asked the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], the department of the [[Roman Curia]] that Ottaviani had earlier headed, to examine the Short Critical Study. It responded on 12 November 1969 that the document contained many affirmations that were "superficial, exaggerated, inexact, emotional and false". Nonetheless, the contents of the Intervention were used by Paul VI to amend the Missal and remove the most controversial parts from it; Cardinal Ottaviani later stated to be satisfied by the amendments.<ref>[http://www.clerus.org/clerus/dati/2000-12/07-999999/Ch1.pdf Christophe Geffroy and Philippe Maxence, Enquête sur la messe traditionnelle (with preface by Cardinal Alfons Maria Stickler)], p. 21.</ref>

==== Other criticism ====
In his preface to the French edition of ''The Reform of the Roman Liturgy'' by [[Klaus Gamber]], Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, later [[Pope Benedict XVI]], said: "In the place of liturgy as the fruit of development came fabricated liturgy. We abandoned the organic, living process of growth and development over the centuries and replaced it – as in a manufacturing process – with a fabrication, a banal on-the-spot product."<ref name="Tracey Rowland">{{cite book | last = Rowland | first = Tracey | title = Ratzinger's faith: the theology of Pope Benedict XVI | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2008 }}</ref><ref name="Thomas Kocik">{{cite book | last = Kocik | first = Thomas| title = The reform of the reform?: a liturgical debate: reform or return | publisher = Ignatius Press| year = 2003 }}</ref> As Pope Benedict, he later wrote: "There is no contradiction between the two editions of the Roman Missal. In the history of the liturgy there is growth and progress, but no rupture."<ref name="BXVIletter070707" />

The [[Society of Saint Pius X]] has argued that the promulgation of the revised liturgy was legally [[Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)|invalid]] due to alleged technical deficiencies in the wording of {{lang|la|Missale Romanum}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sspxasia.com/Newsletters/1997/August/Dossier-on-the-Novus-Ordo.htm |title=Dossier on the Novus Ordo Missae: August 1997 Newsletter |publisher=SSPXAsia.com |access-date=15 October 2012}}</ref> However, the Society has later stated that the Mass of Paul VI is [[Validity and liceity (Catholic Church)|valid, though illicit]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Xavier |first=Nishant |date=2022-06-28 |title=The New Rite of Consecration is Valid |url=https://onepeterfive.com/new-rite-consecration-valid/ |access-date= |website=[[Sophia Institute Press|OnePeterFive]] |language=en-US}}</ref>