Editing Magnesium (section)

=== YSZ process ===
{{anchor|YSZ process}}
A newer process, solid oxide membrane technology, involves the electrolytic reduction of MgO. At the cathode, {{chem|Mg|2+}} ion is reduced by two [[electron]]s to magnesium metal. The electrolyte is [[yttria-stabilized zirconia]] (YSZ). The anode is a liquid metal. At the YSZ/liquid metal anode {{chem|O|2-}} is oxidized. A layer of graphite borders the liquid metal anode, and at this interface carbon and oxygen react to form carbon monoxide. When silver is used as the liquid metal anode, there is no reductant carbon or hydrogen needed, and only oxygen gas is evolved at the anode.<ref name="pal07">{{cite journal|last1=Pal|first1=Uday B. |last2=Powell|first2=Adam C.|title=The Use of Solid-Oxide-Membrane Technology for Electrometallurgy|date=2007|bibcode=2007JOM....59e..44P|volume=59|pages=44–49|journal=JOM|doi=10.1007/s11837-007-0064-x|issue=5|s2cid=97971162 }}</ref> It was reported in 2011 that this method provides a 40% reduction in cost per pound over the electrolytic reduction method.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/merit_review_2011/lightweight_materials/lm035_derezinski_2011_o.pdf| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113035743/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/merit_review_2011/lightweight_materials/lm035_derezinski_2011_o.pdf| url-status=dead| archive-date=13 November 2013|publisher=MOxST| title=Solid Oxide Membrane (SOM) Electrolysis of Magnesium: Scale-Up Research and Engineering for Light-Weight Vehicles |first=Steve| last=Derezinski |date=12 May 2011| access-date=27 May 2013}}</ref>