Editing Lulu (opera) (section)

==Performance history==
After the Zürich premiere, the opera was seen at [[La Fenice]] on 4 September 1949 during the [[Venice Biennale]], conducted by [[Nino Sanzogno|Sanzogno]]. The German premiere was at the [[Grillo-Theater]] in [[Essen]] on 7 March 1953 with [[Carla Spletter]] in the title role, and the Netherlands premiere on July 7 of that year at the [[Stadsschouwburg]] in Amsterdam as part of the [[Holland Festival]], both with {{Lang|de|Die Bühnen der Stadt Essen}} conducted by [[Gustav König]] and broadcast to the UK on the [[BBC]] on 10 August.{{sfn|Opera Nederland|2015}}{{sfn|Stuart|1953}} This was followed by a production at [[Hamburg State Opera|Hamburg]] in 1957 with [[Helga Pilarczyk]] in a [[Günther Rennert]] production, conducted by [[Leopold Ludwig]]{{sfn|Harewood|1987|loc=pp.&nbsp;873–878}} which was also seen at the Paris Opera in 1960 and La Scala in 1963,{{sfn|Kaminski|2004|loc=p.&nbsp;91}}{{sfn|Kaminski|2014|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=e-57BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT30 p.&nbsp;30]}} and [[Sadler's Wells]] 1962.{{sfn|Harewood|1987|loc=pp.&nbsp;873–878}}

In its two-act form plus sketches of the third act, ''Lulu'' made its American debut at the [[Santa Fe Opera]] in [[New Mexico]] during the 1963 season, with the American soprano [[Joan Carroll (soprano)|Joan Carroll]] in the title role, together with [[Donald Gramm]] (Schön), [[Elaine Bonazzi]] (Geschwitz), and [[George Shirley]] (Alwa), with [[Robert Craft]] conducting.{{sfn|Harewood|1987|loc=pp.&nbsp;873–878}}{{sfn|Santa Fe|2015|loc=[http://www.santafeopera.org/tickets/production.aspx?performanceNumber=2829 Lulu 1963]}}{{dead link|date=December 2019}} The Opera's general director, [[John Crosby (conductor)|John Crosby]], attempted to negotiate for Santa Fe to stage the American premiere of the full three-act opera, but was not successful.{{sfn|Huscher|2006|loc=pp.&nbsp;112–114}} A notable Lulu, Silja, made her debut in a [[Wieland Wagner]] production at the [[Staatsoper Stuttgart]] in 1966 (which was later filmed, with [[Carlos Alexander]] as Schön). In 1967 the [[Metropolitan Opera]] presented the Hamburg State Opera production with Ludwig conducting, [[Toni Blankenheim]] (Schön), [[Anneliese Rothenberger]] (Lulu), [[Kerstin Meyer]] (Geschwitz), [[Gerhard Unger]] (Alwa), [[Kim Borg]] (Schigolch) and [[Maria von Ilosvay]] (Theatre dresser). This production was recorded by [[Electrola]] the following year.{{sfn|Dillon|2012}}{{sfn|Discogs|2015}} Celebrated Lulus have included [[Evelyn Lear]], [[Teresa Stratas]], [[Nancy Shade]], [[Karan Armstrong]], [[Julia Migenes]], [[Barbara Hannigan]], [[Christine Schäfer]], and [[Marlis Petersen]].{{sfn|Kaminski|2004|loc=p.&nbsp;91}}{{sfn|Kaminski|2014|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=e-57BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT30 p.&nbsp;30]}}{{sfn|Gordon|2015}}

Helene Berg's death in 1976 paved the way for a new completed version of the opera to be made by [[Friedrich Cerha]]. There was insufficient time to have the score of this three-act version ready for the first production of the work at the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in April 1977 (in a production by [[John Dexter]], with [[Carole Farley]] in the title role),{{sfn|Opera News|1977}}{{sfn|Huscher|2006|loc=pp.&nbsp;112–114}} so the incomplete version was used. Published in 1979, the Cerha completion premiered on 24 February the same year at the [[Palais Garnier|Opera Garnier]] and was conducted by [[Pierre Boulez]], with Stratas singing the lead role; the production (by [[Patrice Chéreau]]) was a sensation and the recording won the [[Gramophone Award]] for 1979.

The U.S. premiere of the complete opera was on 28 July 1979 at Santa Fe, with Nancy Shade (Lulu), [[William Dooley]] (Schön), [[Katherine Ciesinski]] (Geschwitz) and Barry Busse (Alwa).{{sfn|Huscher|2006|loc=pp.&nbsp;112–114}}{{sfn|Santa Fe|2015|loc=[http://www.santafeopera.org/tickets/production.aspx?performanceNumber=3030 Lulu 1979]}}{{dead link|date=December 2019}} The Metropolitan Opera first presented it in December 1980, a performance later released on DVD.{{sfn|Harewood|1987|loc=pp.&nbsp;873–878}} Its 2015 production, with [[Marlis Petersen]] in the title role, was broadcast in [[HDMI|high definition]] on 21 November.{{sfn|Cooper|2015}} That production featured projections and animated drawings by [[William Kentridge]]. The same production, with a different cast, also played at [[Dutch National Opera|De Nationale Opera]], Amsterdam (2015), the [[English National Opera]], London in 2016, and the [[Teatro dell'Opera di Roma]] (2017).