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===Polar explorers=== *[[Pyotr Anjou]], explorer of the [[New Siberian Islands]] and Arctic coastline[[File:Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Faddey Bellingshausen]]]] *[[Faddey Bellingshausen]], discoverer of Antarctica *[[Vitus Bering]], organiser of the [[Great Northern Expedition]], explorer of the [[Bering Sea]] and the [[Bering Strait]] *[[Georgy Brusilov]], commander of ''[[Svyataya Anna]]'', a prototype for ''[[The Two Captains]]'' *[[Semion Chelyuskin]], discoverer of [[Extreme points of Asia|the north extrimity]] of [[Eurasia]], [[Cape Chelyuskin]] *[[Artur Chilingarov]], leader of the [[Arktika 2007]] expedition, the first to reach the seabed under the [[North Pole]] *[[Valery Chkalov]], led the first [[transcontinental flight]] by [[airplane]] over the North Pole *[[Semyon Dezhnyov]], discoverer of [[Kolyma]], [[Chukchi Peninsula]], Bering Strait and [[Cape Dezhnyov]] *[[Yakov Gakkel]], oceanographer, creator of the first [[bathymetric]] map of the Arctic Ocean *[[Matvei Gedenschtrom]], explorer of the New Siberian Islands, discoverer of [[Siberian polynya]] *[[Maria Klenova]], a founder of [[marine geology]], made the first complete seabed map of the [[Barents Sea]], one of the first women explorers of [[Antarctic]] *[[Ernst Krenkel]], [[radioman]] for many polar expeditions, set a world record of long-distance radio communication (between [[Franz Josef Land]] and Antarctica)[[File:Chilingarov Arh.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Artur Chilingarov]]]] *[[Dmitry Laptev]], explorer of the [[Laptev Sea]] shores *[[Khariton Laptev]], explorer of the [[Laptev Sea]] shores *[[Mikhail Lazarev]], discoverer of Antarctica, war hero *[[Fyodor Litke]], explorer of [[Novaya Zemlya]], Bering Sea, and Pacific *[[Stepan Makarov]], oceanographer, builder of [[Icebreaker Yermak|the first polar icebreaker]], war hero *[[Stepan Malygin]], author of the first Russian manual on [[navigation]], leader of the western unit of the [[Great Northern Expedition]] *[[Alexander Middendorf]], explorer of [[Taymyr Peninsula]], founder of [[permafrost]] science, discoverer of [[Putorana Plateau]] and the [[North Cape sea current]] *[[Ivan Nagurski]], first polar [[aviator]] *[[Dmitry Ovtsyn]], explorer of [[Taymyr Peninsula]], mapped the [[Gydan Peninsula]] *[[Pyotr Pakhtusov]], explorer of [[Novaya Zemlya]][[File:Михаил Петрович Лазарев.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Mikhail Lazarev]]]] *[[Ivan Papanin]], head of the first [[drifting ice station]] [[North Pole-1]] *[[Fedot Popov]], discoverer of Chukotka and the Bering Strait *[[Vasili Pronchishchev]], discovered the [[Byrranga Mountains]] and multiple islands off [[Taymyr Peninsula]] *[[Maria Pronchishcheva]], first female [[Arctic explorer]] *[[Vladimir Rusanov]], explorer of Novaya Zemlya and [[Svalbard]], a prototype for ''[[The Two Captains]]'' *[[Anatoly Sagalevich]], performed the world's deepest fresh water dive (1637 m in [[Lake Baikal]]), explored the remains of [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']], the first to reach the seabed under the North Pole *[[Rudolf Samoylovich]], founder of the [[Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute]], saver of the ''[[Airship Italia]]'' crew *[[Yakov Sannikov]], explorer of the New Siberian Islands, originated the legend about the [[Sannikov Land]] *[[Otto Schmidt]], leader of the first passage of the [[Northern Sea Route]] without wintering, supervised many Arctic expeditions *[[Georgy Sedov]], explorer of Novaya Zemlya and Kolyma River, died in attempt to reach the North Pole, a prototype for ''[[The Two Captains]]'' *[[Pyotr Shirshov]], member of the [[North Pole-1]] crew, founder of [[Shirshov Institute of Oceanology]], proved that there is life in high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean *[[Alexander Sibiryakov]], sponsor of the multiple expeditions in [[Siberia]] and the [[Arctic]], including that of [[Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld]] *[[Mikhail Somov]], head of the second [[Soviet drifting ice station]] North Pole-2, leader of the [[1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition]], founder of the first Soviet Antarctic stations [[Mirny Station|Mirny]] and [[Vostok Station|Vostok]] *[[Eduard Toll]], explorer of [[Sakha Republic|Yakutia]] and the [[Arctic]], died in search of the legendary [[Sannikov Land]] *[[Yevgeny Tolstikov]], head of the North Pole-4, led the [[3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition]], discoverer of the [[Gamburtsev Mountains]] *[[Alexey Tryoshnikov]], head of the North Pole-3, led the [[2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition|2nd]] and the [[13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition]]s[[File:Eduard Toll.jpg|thumb|90px|[[Eduard Toll]]]] *[[Nikolay Urvantsev]], explorer of Severnaya Zemlya, discoverer of [[nickel]] in Taimyr and founder of [[Norilsk]] *[[Georgy Ushakov]], founder of the first settlement on the [[Wrangel Island]], explorer of Severnaya Zemlya, discoverer of [[Ushakov Island]] (the last unknown island outside any archipelago) *[[Boris Vilkitsky]], discoverer of [[Severnaya Zemlya]] (the last archipelago on Earth to be explored), led the first voyage from [[Vladivostok]] to [[Arkhangelsk]] via the [[Northern Sea Route]] *[[Vladimir Vize]], scientific leader of many Arctic expeditions, predicted the location of [[Vize Island]] through the analysis of the [[pack ice]] movement in the [[Kara Sea]] *[[Vladimir Voronin]], leader of the first passage of the [[Northern Sea Route]] without wintering, captain of ''[[SS Chelyuskin]]'' *[[Ferdinand Wrangel]], explorer of the [[East Siberian Sea]] and Alaska
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