Editing Lakshmi (section)

===Buddhism===
[[File: Jyoruriji Kissyoten Srii.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The Japanese [[Kisshōten|Kishijoten]] is adapted from Lakshmi.]]
In [[Buddhism]], Lakshmi has been viewed as a goddess of abundance and fortune, and is represented on the oldest surviving [[stupa]]s and cave temples of Buddhism.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wangu|first=Madhu Bazaz|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8y-vKtqCmIC&pg=PA57|title=Images of Indian Goddesses: Myths, Meanings, and Models|year=2003|isbn=978-81-7017-416-5|page=57|publisher=Abhinav Publications |quote=The Goddess Lakshmi in Buddhist Art: The goddess of abundance and good fortune, Lakshmi, reflected the accumulated wealth and financial independence of the Buddhist monasteries. Her image became one of the popular visual themes carved on their monuments.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422103556/https://books.google.com/books?id=k8y-vKtqCmIC&pg=PA57|archive-date=22 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Heinrich Robert Zimmer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5IYVBgAAQBAJ|title=Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4008-6684-7|page=92|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906092006/https://books.google.com/books?id=5IYVBgAAQBAJ|archive-date=6 September 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In Buddhist sects of [[Tibet]], [[Nepal]], and [[Southeast Asia]], [[Vasudhara]] mirrors the characteristics and attributes of the Hindu Goddess, with minor iconographic differences.<ref name="miranda">Shaw, Miranda. 2006. "Chapter 13." Pp. 258–62 in ''Buddhist Goddesses of India''. Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-691-12758-3}}.</ref>

In Chinese Buddhism, Lakshmi is referred to as either Gōngdétiān (功德天, lit "Meritorious god" ) or Jíxiáng Tiānnǚ (吉祥天女, lit "Auspicious goddess") and is the goddess of fortune and prosperity. She is regarded as the sister of [[Vaiśravaṇa#In China|Píshāméntiān]] (毗沙門天), or Vaiśravaṇa, one of the [[Four Heavenly Kings]]. She is also regarded as one of the [[Twenty-Four Protective Deities|twenty-four protective deities]], and her image is frequently enshrined in the [[Mahavira Hall]] of most Chinese Buddhist monasteries together with the other deities. Her mantra, the Sri Devi Dharani (Chinese: 大吉祥天女咒; pinyin: Dà Jíxiáng Tiānnǚ Zhòu) is classified as one of the [[Mantra#Buddhism|Ten Small Mantras]] (Chinese: 十小咒; pinyin: Shí xiǎo zhòu), which are a collection of [[dharani]]s that are commonly recited in Chinese Buddhist temples during morning liturgical services.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ten Small Mantras|url=http://www.buddhamountain.ca/Ten_Small_Mantras.php|access-date=2021-10-15|website=www.buddhamountain.ca}}</ref>

The Dharani is as follows:<blockquote>Namo buddhāya, Namo dharmāya, Namah samghāya, Namah Śrī Mahādevīye, Tadyathā Om paripūraņa cāre samanta darśane. Mahā vihāra gate samanta vidhamane. Mahā kārya pratişţhāpane, sarvārtha sādhane, supratipūri ayatna dharmatā. Mahā vikurvite, mahā maitrī upasamhite, mahārşi susamgŗhīte samantārtha anupālane svāhā.</blockquote>In Japanese Buddhism, Lakshmi is known as [[Kisshōten|Kishijoten]] ({{Langx|ja|[[Wiktionary:吉祥天|吉祥天]]|lit=Auspicious Heavens|label=none}}) and is also the goddess of fortune and prosperity.<ref name=":1">{{cite book|author1=Charles Russell Coulter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEIngqiKOugC|title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities|author2=Patricia Turner|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-1-135-96390-3|pages=102, 285, 439}} p. 102: "Kishijoten, a goddess of luck who corresponds to Lakshmi, the Indian goddess of fortune..."</ref> Like in China, Kishijoten is considered the sister of [[Vaiśravaṇa#In Japan|Bishamon]] ({{Langx|ja|毘沙門|lit=|label=none}}, also known as Tamon or Bishamon-ten), who protects human life, fights evil, and brings good fortune. In ancient and medieval Japan, Kishijoten was the goddess worshiped for luck and prosperity, particularly on behalf of children. Kishijoten was also the guardian goddess of [[Geisha]]s.

In [[Tibetan Buddhism]], Lakshmi is an important deity, especially in the [[Gelug]] School. She has both peaceful and wrathful forms; the latter form is known as [[Palden Lhamo]], Shri Devi Dudsol Dokam, or Kamadhatvishvari, and is the principal female protector of (Gelug) Tibetan Buddhism and of [[Lhasa|Lhasa, Tibet]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Buswell|first1=Robert E. Jr.|last2=Ziegler|first2=Donald S. Lopez Jr.; with the assistance of Juhn Ahn, J. Wayne Bass, William Chu, Amanda Goodman, Hyoung Seok Ham, Seong-Uk Kim, Sumi Lee, Patrick Pranke, Andrew Quintman, Gareth Sparham, Maya Stiller, Harumi|editor1-last=Buswell|editor1-first=Robert E|editor2-last=Lopez|editor2-first=Donald S. Jr.|title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism.|date=2013|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ|isbn=978-0-691-15786-3|page=267}}</ref>

While Lakshmi and Vaiśravaṇa are found in ancient Chinese and Japanese Buddhist literature, their roots have been traced to deities in Hinduism.<ref name=":1" />

Lakshmi is closely linked to [[Dewi Sri]], who is worshipped in [[Bali]] as the goddess of fertility and agriculture.