Editing Kingdom of Jerusalem (section)

=== Population ===
It is impossible to give an accurate estimate of the population of the kingdom. Josiah Russell calculates that all of Syria had about 2.3 million people at the time of the crusades, with perhaps eleven thousand villages; most of these, of course, were outside of crusader rule even at the greatest extent of all four crusader states.<ref>Josiah C. Russell, "Population of the Crusader States", in Setton, ed. Crusades, vol. 5, pg. 108.</ref> It has been estimated by scholars such as [[Joshua Prawer]] and [[Meron Benvenisti]] that there were at most 120,000 Franks and 100,000 Muslims living in the cities, with another 250,000 Muslim and Eastern Christian peasants in the countryside. The Crusaders accounted for 15–25% of the total population.<ref name="Population">Benjamin Z. Kedar, "The Subjected Muslims of the Frankish Levant", in ''Muslims Under Latin Rule, 1100–1300'', ed. James M. Powell, Princeton University Press, 1990, pg. 148; reprinted in ''The Crusades: The Essential Readings'', ed. Thomas F. Madden, Blackwell, 2002, pg. 244. Kedar quotes his numbers from [[Joshua Prawer]], ''Histoire du royaume latin de Jérusalem'', tr. G. Nahon, Paris, 1969, vol. 1, pp. 498, 568–72.</ref> [[Benjamin Z. Kedar]] estimates that there were between 300,000 and 360,000 non-Franks in the Kingdom, 250,000 of whom were villagers in the countryside, and {{qi|one may assume that Muslims were in the majority in some, possibly most parts of the kingdom of Jerusalem…}}<ref name="Population" /> As [[Ronnie Ellenblum]] points out, there simply is not enough existing evidence to accurately count the population and any estimate is inherently unreliable.<ref>Ellenblum, pg. 31.</ref> Contemporary chronicler William of Tyre recorded the census of 1183, which was intended to determine the number of men available to defend against an invasion, and to determine the amount of tax money that could be obtained from the inhabitants, Muslim or Christian. If the population was actually counted, William did not record the number.<ref>William of Tyre, vol. 2, bk. 22, ch. 23, pp. 486–488.</ref> In the 13th century, [[John of Ibelin (jurist)|John of Ibelin]] drew up a list of fiefs and the number of knights owed by each, but this gives no indication of the non-noble, non-Latin population.

The Mamluks, led by Baibars, eventually made good their pledge to cleanse the entire Middle East of the Franks. With the fall of [[Siege of Antioch (1268)|Antioch]] (1268), [[Fall of Tripoli (1289)|Tripoli]] (1289), and [[Siege of Acre (1291)|Acre]] (1291), those Christians unable to leave the cities were massacred or enslaved and the last traces of Christian rule in the Levant disappeared.<ref>According to Ludolph of Suchem (which seems exaggeration): {{qi|In Acre and the other places nearly a hundred and six thousand men were slain or taken, and more than two hundred thousand escaped from thence. Of the Saracens more than three hundred thousand were slain, as is well known even to this day.}} (Ludolph of Suchem, p. 268-272)</ref><ref>Michaud, ''The History of the Crusades'', Vol. 3, p. 18; available [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_mAcMAAAAYAAJ in full at Internet Archive]. Note that in a footnote Michaud claims reliance on "the chronicle of Ibn Ferat" (Michaud, Vol.3, p.22) for much of the information he has concerning the ''Mussulmans''.</ref>