Editing Jurchen people (section)

===Agriculture===
Only the Mongols and the northern "wild" Jurchen were semi-nomadic, unlike the mainstream Jianzhou Jurchens descended from the [[Jin dynasty (1115–1234)|Jin dynasty]], who were farmers that foraged, hunted, herded and harvested crops in the Liao and Yalu river basins. They gathered ginseng root, pine nuts, hunted for came pels in the uplands and forests, raised horses in their stables, and farmed millet and wheat in their fallow fields. They engaged in dances, wrestling and drinking strong liquor as noted during midwinter by the Korean Sin Chung-il when it was very cold. These Jurchens who lived in the northeast's harsh cold climate sometimes half sunk their houses in the ground which they constructed of brick or timber and surrounded their fortified villages with stone foundations on which they built wattle and mud walls to defend against attack. Village clusters were ruled by beile, hereditary leaders. They fought each other and dispensed weapons, wives, slaves and lands to their followers in them. This was how the Jurchens who founded the Qing lived and how their ancestors lived before the Jin. Alongside Mongols and Jurchen clans there were migrants from Liaodong provinces of Ming China and Korea living among these Jurchens in a cosmopolitan manner. Nurhaci, who was hosting Sin Chung-il, was uniting all of them into his own army, having them adopt the Jurchen hairstyle of a long queue and a shaved forecrown and wearing leather tunics. His armies had black, blue, red, white and yellow flags. These became the Eight Banners, initially capped to 4 then growing to 8 with three different types of ethnic banners as Han, Mongol and Jurchen were recruited into Nurhaci's forces. Jurchens like Nurhaci spoke both their native Tungusic language and Chinese, adopting the [[Mongolian script]] for their own language, unlike the Jin Jurchen's use of the [[Khitan large script]]. They adopted [[Confucianism|Confucian values]] and practiced [[shamanism in the Qing dynasty|shamanist traditions]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Keay |first1=John |title=China: A History |date=2011 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0465025183 |page=422 |edition=reprint |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DfzQDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA422}}</ref> Most Jurchens raised pigs and stock animals and were farmers.<ref name="Schneider 2011"/>

The Qing stationed the "New Manchu" Warka foragers in [[Ning'an|Ningguta]] and attempted to turn them into normal agricultural farmers but then the Warka just reverted to hunter gathering and requested money to buy cattle for beef broth. The Qing wanted the Warka to become soldier-farmers and imposed this on them, but the Warka simply left their garrison at Ningguta and went back to the [[Sungari]] to their homes to herd, fish and hunt. The Qing accused them of desertion.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bello |first1=David A. |editor1-last=Smith |editor1-first=Norman |title=Empire and Environment in the Making of Manchuria |date=2017 |publisher=UBC Press |isbn=978-0774832922 |page=68 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PRJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68 |series=Contemporary Chinese Studies |chapter=2 Rival Empires on the Hunt for Sable and People in Seventeenth-Century Manchuria}}</ref>