Editing Joker (character) (section)

===Citations===
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="1975JokerComic">{{cite web|first=Chris |last=Sims |title=Bizarro Back Issues: The Joker's Solo Series (1975) |url=http://comicsalliance.com/bizarro-back-issues-the-jokers-solo-series-1975/ |publisher=[[ComicsAlliance]] |date=September 12, 2013 |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014125131/http://comicsalliance.com/bizarro-back-issues-the-jokers-solo-series-1975/ |archive-date=October 14, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="AssaultonArkham">{{cite web|title=Warner Bros. Brings "Batman: Assault On Arkham" To DVD/Blu-Ray August 14.|url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=52661|website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=May 7, 2014|access-date=May 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507215216/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=52661|archive-date=May 7, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Anarky">{{cite web|first=Daniel |last=Best| title=Batman: Alan Grant & Norm Breyfogle Speak Out|url=http://ohdannyboy.blogspot.com/search/label/breyfogle.html |work=20th Century Danny Boy|publisher=[[Australian Web Archive]] | date=January 6, 2007|access-date=January 25, 2015 |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20091021134100/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/108742/20091022-0041/ohdannyboy.blogspot.com/search/label/breyfogle.html |archive-date=October 21, 2009 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

<ref name="Batmania 14">Finger in a panel discussion at [[Academy Con|New York Academy Convention]], August 14, 1966, transcribed in {{cite journal|last1=Hanerfeld|first1=Mark|title=Con-Tinued|journal=Batmania|date=February 14, 1967|volume=1|issue=14|pages=8–9|url=http://comicbookplus.com/?dlid=11970|access-date= August 1, 2017}} Page 8 [https://web.archive.org/web/20170817231436/http://images.furycomics.com/viewer/c3/c3383c064c6f811b7157c83a5fd71119/7.jpg archived] and Page 9 [https://web.archive.org/web/20170817231621/http://images.furycomics.com/viewer/c3/c3383c064c6f811b7157c83a5fd71119/8.jpg archived] from the originals on August 17, 2017.</ref>

<ref name="Batman663">{{cite comic | Writer = [[Grant Morrison|Morrison, Grant]] | Artist = Van Fleet, John | Story = The Clown at Midnight | Title = Batman | Issue = 663 | date = April 2007 | Publisher = [[DC Comics]] | Page = 16 | Panel = }}</ref>

<ref name="BatmanUnauthorized">{{cite book|last=Anders|first=Lou|title=Batman Unauthorized: Vigilantes, Jokers, and Heroes in Gotham City|publisher=[[BenBella Books]]|year=2008|page=29|chapter=Two of a Kind|isbn=978-1-935251-31-6|quote=By 2007, the Joker was indisputably one of the most dangerous and insane villains in DC's entire universe. This is evidenced in the 1995 three-issue ''Underworld Unleashed'', in which Flash-nemesis the Trickster said, 'When super-villains want to scare each other, they tell Joker stories.'}}</ref>

<ref name="Billion">{{cite magazine |last1=Nolfi |first1=Joey |title=Joker becomes first R-rated movie to gross $1 billion worldwide |url=https://ew.com/movies/2019/11/15/joker-box-office-1-billion-worldwide/ |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |access-date=November 17, 2019 |date=November 15, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116140537/https://ew.com/movies/2019/11/15/joker-box-office-1-billion-worldwide/ |archive-date=November 16, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Bio101">{{cite web|first=Peter |last=Sanderson| url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2005/05/13/comics-in-context-84-dark-definitive?page=6 |title=Comics in Context #84: Dark Definitive|date=May 13, 2005|website=[[IGN]]|publisher=[[j2 Global]]|location=Los Angeles, California|access-date=April 22, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422182803/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/05/13/comics-in-context-84-dark-definitive?page=6|archive-date=April 22, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BraveandBold31Review">{{cite web|first=Dan |last=Phillips | url=http://comics.ign.com/articles/106/1062409p1.html |title=The Brave and the Bold #31 review |date=January 20, 2010 |website=[[IGN]]|publisher=[[j2 Global]]|location=Los Angeles, California|access-date=February 20, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220205205/http://www.ign.com/articles/2010/01/21/the-brave-and-the-bold-31-review |archive-date=February 20, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BronzeAge4">{{cite web|url=http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=5&id=40748|title=Batman Artist Rogers is Dead|access-date=May 2, 2008|date=March 28, 2007|quote=Even though their Batman run was only six issues, the three laid the foundation for later Batman comics. Their stories include the classic 'Laughing Fish' (in which the Joker's face appeared on fish); they were adapted for ''Batman: The Animated Series'' in the 1990s. Earlier drafts of the 1989 Batman film with Michael Keaton as the Dark Knight were based heavily on their work|publisher=Sci Fi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411230610/http://www.scifi.com/scifiwire/index.php?category=5&id=40748 |archive-date=April 11, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="BronzeAge6">{{cite web|first=Daniel|last=Phillips|url=https://ign.com/articles/2008/02/01/rogues-gallery-the-joker?page=2|title=Rogue's Gallery: The Joker|access-date=November 18, 2013|date=January 18, 2008|website=[[IGN]]|page=2|quote=[T]he Joker decides to brand every fish product in Gotham with his trademark grin, going so far as to blackmail and murder copyright officials until he's compensated for his hideous innovation.| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140421064206/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/01/rogues-gallery-the-joker?page=2 | archive-date = April 21, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BronzeAge7">Greenberger and Manning, p. 163: "In this fondly remembered tale that was later adapted into an episode of the 1990s cartoon ''Batman: The Animated Series'', the Joker poisoned the harbors of Gotham so that the fish would all bear his signature grin, a look the Joker then tried to trademark in order to collect royalties."</ref>

<ref name="BronzeAge8">{{cite book|first1=Roberta E. |last1=Pearson|first2=William|last2=Uricchio|chapter=Notes from the Batcave: An Interview with Dennis O'Neil.|title=The Many Lives of the Batman: Critical Approaches to a Superhero and His Media|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=Abingdon, England|date=1991|page=18|isbn=978-0-85170-276-6}}</ref>

<ref name="BronzeAge9">{{cite web|first=Daniel |last=Phillips |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2008/12/08/why-so-serious-the-many-looks-of-joker?page=2 |title=Why So Serious?: The Many Looks of Joker (Page 2) |website=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[j2 Global]]|location=Los Angeles, California|date=December 8, 2008 |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011125815/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/08/why-so-serious-the-many-looks-of-joker?page=2 |archive-date=October 11, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="BronzeAge10">{{cite web |first=Seb|last=Patrick| url =https://denofgeek.com/books-comics/batman/11301/10-essential-joker-stories | title =10 Essential Joker Stories | website=[[Den of Geek]] | publisher=Dennis Publishing|location=London, England|date=July 15, 2008 | access-date =October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131014175129/http://www.denofgeek.com/books-comics/batman/11301/10-essential-joker-stories | archive-date = October 14, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="BronzeAge20">{{cite web | url =http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/08/09/joker-steve-englehart-the-laughing-fish/ | title =Joker Panel Interview: Steve Englehart on The Laughing Fish | publisher =[[The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama]] | date =August 9, 2009 | access-date =October 18, 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131019084439/http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/08/09/joker-steve-englehart-the-laughing-fish/ | archive-date =October 19, 2013 | url-status=dead | df =mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="CBR75Greatest">{{cite web|first=Brian|last=Cronin |title=75 Greatest Friends and Foes of Batman: Villains #5-1|url=http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2014/05/04/75-greatest-friends-and-foes-of-batman-villains-5-1/2/|website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=May 4, 2014|access-date=February 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141203105637/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2014/05/04/75-greatest-friends-and-foes-of-batman-villains-5-1/2/|archive-date=December 3, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CharacterDOTF">{{cite web|first=Chris |last=Sims |title=Scott Snyder On 'Death of the Family': 'It'S A Love Letter To Batman From The Joker' [Interview] |url=http://comicsalliance.com/batman-death-of-the-family-scott-snyder-interview/ |publisher=[[ComicsAlliance]] |date=November 29, 2012 |access-date=October 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115064116/http://comicsalliance.com/batman-death-of-the-family-scott-snyder-interview/ |archive-date=November 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="ComicBatmanConfidential">{{cite comic| Writer = [[Andy Diggle|Diggle, Andy]], [[Michael Green (writer)|Green, Michael]], [[Tony Bedard]] | Artist= [[Whilce Portacio|Portacio, Whilce]], Friend, Richard, [[Denys Cowan|Cowan, Denys]], [[Rags Morales|Morales, Rags]] | Title = Batman Confidential: Lovers & Madmen (#7–12)| Date = 2006 – present| Publisher = DC Comics| Panel = }}</ref>

<ref name="ComicBatmanRobin12">{{cite comic|Writer = [[Grant Morrison|Morrison, Grant]]|Title = [[Batman and Robin (comic book)|Batman and Robin]]|Volume = 1|Issue = 12|date = May 2010|Publisher = DC Comics}}</ref>

<ref name="ComicBatmanRobin16">{{cite comic|Writer = [[Grant Morrison|Morrison, Grant]]| artist=Stewart, Camerton, Burnham, Chris, Irving Frazer | colorist= Sinclair, Alex, Irving, Frazer | Title = [[Batman and Robin (comic book)|Batman and Robin]]|story=Black Mass | Volume = 1|Issue = 13|date = July 2010|Publisher = DC Comics |pages=27–28}}</ref>

<ref name="ComicCacophony">{{cite comic | Writer = [[Kevin Smith|Smith, Kevin]] | Penciller =Flanagan, Walt| Inker =Hope, Sandra| Story =Batman Cacophony: Part 3 – Baffles| Title =Batman Cacophony| Issue =3 | date =March 2009 | Publisher = [[DC Comics]] | Page =17–23| Panel =}}</ref>

<ref name="ComicEmperorJoker">{{cite comic | Writer = [[Jeph Loeb|Loeb, Jeph]] | Cowriters = [[J. M. DeMatteis|DeMatteis, J.M.]], [[Mark Schultz (comics)|Schultz, Mark]], [[Joe Kelly (comics)|Kelly, Joe]] | Penciller = [[Ed McGuiness|McGuiness, Ed]] | Copencillers =Miller, Mike, [[Doug Mahnke|Mahnke, Doug]], [[Kano (comics)|Kano]] | Inker = [[Cam Smith (artist)|Smith, Cam]], Marzan, Jose, Nguyen, Tom, [[John McCrea (comics)|McCrea, John]], Alquiza, Marlo, Durrurthy, Armando, various others | Coinkers = | Story = | Title = Superman: Emperor Joker | Volume = Superman #160–161, Adventures of Superman #582–583, Action Comics 769–770, Superman: The Man of Steel 104–105, and Emperor Joker. | date = January 2007 |Publisher=[[DC Comics]]|Page=224|ID = 9781401211936 }}</ref>

<ref name="ComicInfiniteCrisis7">{{cite comic | Writer = [[Geoff Johns|Johns, Geoff]] | Penciller = [[Phil Jimenez|Jimenez, Phil]], [[George Pérez|Pérez, George]], [[Ivan Reis|Reis, Ivan]], Bennet, Joe | Inker = [[Andy Lanning|Lanning, Andy]], [[George Pérez|Pérez, George]], [[Ivan Reis|Reis, Ivan]] [[Jerry Ordway|Ordway, Jerry]], Parsons, Sean, [[Art Thibert|Thibert, Art]] | Story = Infinite Crisis #7 | Title = Infinite Crisis #7 | Issue = 7 | date = June 2006 | Publisher = [[DC Comics]] | Page = 31 | Panel = 6–7 }}</ref>

<ref name="ComicJLA15">{{cite comic | Writer = [[Grant Morrison|Morrison, Grant]] | Penciller =Porter, Howard, Frank, Gary, Land, Greg| Inker =Dell, John, McLeod, Bob|colorist=Garrahy, Pat| Story =Rock of Ages: Part 6 – Stone of Destiny | Title =JLA | Issue =15 | date =February 1998 | Publisher = [[DC Comics]] | Page =26–28| Panel =}}</ref>

<ref name="ComicLotDarkKnight145">{{cite comic | Writer = [[Chuck Dixon|Dixon, Chuck]] | Penciller =[[Jim Aparo|Aparo, Jim]] | Inker = Cebollero, John | Story =The Demon Laughs: Part 4 – Mad About You | Title =Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight | Issue =145 | date =September 2001| Publisher = [[DC Comics]] | Page =9–12, 21| Panel =}}</ref>

<ref name="ComicNoManLand">{{cite web| first=Rob|last=Bricken | title=The Joker's 10 Craziest Kills |url=http://www.toplessrobot.com/2009/09/the_jokers_10_craziest_kills.php | work=Topless Robot |publisher=[[Village Voice Media]] |date=September 11, 2009 |access-date=February 10, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131010050504/http://www.toplessrobot.com/2009/09/the_jokers_10_craziest_kills.php | archive-date = October 10, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ComicUndertheHood">{{cite comic | writer = [[Doug Mahnke|Mahnke, Doug]]|cowriters= [[Judd Winick|Winick, Judd]], [[Paul Lee (artist)|Lee, Paul]] | Penciller = | Copencillers =
|Inker = | Coinkers = | Story = | Title = Batman: Under The Hood | Issue = 635–641 | date = November 2005 | Publisher = [[DC Comics]] | Page = 176
|Panel = | ID = {{ISBNT|9781401207564}} }}</ref>

<ref name="ComicsComix">{{cite book|last=Sabin|first=Roger|author-link=Roger Sabin|title=Comics, Comix and Graphic Novels|page=[https://archive.org/details/comicscomixgraph00sabi/page/61 61]|isbn=978-0-7148-3008-7|publisher=Phaidon|year=1996|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/comicscomixgraph00sabi/page/61}}</ref>

<ref name="CrackingUp">{{cite book|title=Cracking Up: American Humor in a Time of Conflict|last=Lewis|first=Paul|year=2006|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-47699-5|pages=31–34}}</ref>

<ref name="CraveCacophony">{{cite web|first=Joey|last=Esposito|title=Batman: Cacophony Hardcover Review|url=http://www.craveonline.co.uk/comics/reviews/143840-batman-cacophony-hardcover-review|publisher=[[CraveOnline]]|date=September 11, 2009 |access-date=April 19, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419210756/http://www.craveonline.co.uk/comics/reviews/143840-batman-cacophony-hardcover-review|archive-date=April 19, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Creation1">{{cite news|first=Sean |last=O'Neal |title=R.I.P. Jerry Robinson, creator of the Joker |url=https://www.avclub.com/r-i-p-jerry-robinson-creator-of-the-joker-1798228972 |newspaper=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=December 8, 2011 |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014151511/http://www.avclub.com/articles/rip-jerry-robinson-creator-of-the-joker%2C66257/ |archive-date=October 14, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Creation2">{{cite web|first=Mark |last=Seifert |title="He Made Batman, No One Else. Kane Had Nothing To Do With It. Bill Did It All" – Carmine Infantino on Bill Finger | url=http://www.bleedingcool.com/2013/08/12/he-made-batman-no-one-else-kane-had-nothing-to-do-with-it-bill-did-it-all-carmine-infantino-on-bill-finger/ |publisher=[[Rich Johnston|Bleeding Cool]] |date=August 12, 2013 |access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131014074614/http://www.bleedingcool.com/2013/08/12/he-made-batman-no-one-else-kane-had-nothing-to-do-with-it-bill-did-it-all-carmine-infantino-on-bill-finger/ | archive-date = October 14, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Creation4">{{cite news|title=Jerry Robinson| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/art-obituaries/8952039/Jerry-Robinson.html |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=December 12, 2011 |access-date=October 12, 2013 |location=London| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131104023216/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/art-obituaries/8952039/Jerry-Robinson.html | archive-date =November 4, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Creation5">{{cite web|title=R.I.P. Jerry Robinson&nbsp;... | url=https://aintitcool.com/node/52287 |publisher=[[Ain't It Cool News]] |date= December 15, 2011|access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131014081013/http://www.aintitcool.com/node/52287 | archive-date =October 14, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Creation8">{{cite web|first=Charlie Jane |last=Anders|title=R.I.P. Jerry Robinson, Creator of Batman's Nemesis, the Joker |url=http://io9.com/5866373/rip-jerry-robinson-creator-of-batmans-nemesis-the-joker |publisher=[[io9]] |date=August 12, 2011 |access-date=October 18, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140226072000/http://io9.com/5866373/rip-jerry-robinson-creator-of-batmans-nemesis-the-joker | archive-date =February 26, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Creation101">{{cite web|url=https://denofgeek.com/movies/13468/the-man-who-was-the-joker |title= The man who was The Joker |publisher=[[Dennis Publishing|Den of Geek]] | date =July 15, 2008 |access-date=February 20, 2014 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131015084635/http://www.denofgeek.com/movies/13468/the-man-who-was-the-joker <!-- original https://web.archive.org/web/20120905235103/http://franklovece.com/webexclusives.html --> | archive-date=October 15, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Creation102">{{cite web|url=http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/07/21/interview-meet-the-jokers-maker-jerry-robinson/ |title=Meet the Joker's Maker, Jerry Robinson" (interview) | website=[[The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama]] |date=July 21, 2009 | access-date=February 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015081859/http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/07/21/interview-meet-the-jokers-maker-jerry-robinson/ |archive-date=October 15, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Creation103">{{cite web|url=http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/08/05/interview-the-jokers-maker-tackles-the-man-who-laughs |title=The Joker's Maker Tackles ''The Man Who Laughs''" (interview) | website=[[The Ongoing Adventures of Rocket Llama]]|date=August 5, 2009 | access-date=February 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723035747/http://www.rocketllama.com/blog-it/2009/08/05/interview-the-jokers-maker-tackles-the-man-who-laughs/ |archive-date=July 23, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CulturalCoaster1">{{cite news|first1=Scott|last1=Dance|first2=Matthew|last2=Hay Brown|title=Riders rescued from Six Flags roller coaster|url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2014/08/10/riders-rescued-from-six-flags-roller-coaster/|newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |location=Baltimore, Maryland|date=August 10, 2014| access-date=September 1, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819153657/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2014-08-10/news/bs-md-coaster-rescue-20140810_1_roller-coaster-riders-flags| archive-date =August 19, 2014 | url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CulturalCoaster10">{{cite news|title='The Joker' Roller Coaster Coming to Six Flags Discovery Kingdom in Vallejo|url=http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/The-Joker-Roller-Coaster-Coming-to-Six-Flags-Discovery-Kingdom-in-Vallejo-324268011.html|publisher=[[KNTV]] |date=September 3, 2015|access-date=September 5, 2015| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150905223921/http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/The-Joker-Roller-Coaster-Coming-to-Six-Flags-Discovery-Kingdom-in-Vallejo-324268011.html| archive-date=September 5, 2015| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CulturalCoaster2">{{cite web| title=Joker's Jinx – Six Flags America (Upper Marlboro, Maryland, USA) |url=http://rcdb.com/544.htm |website=[[Roller Coaster DataBase]] |access-date=October 22, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131023060401/http://rcdb.com/544.htm?dt=126&d=34 | archive-date =October 23, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CulturalCoaster5">{{cite news|first=Pam|last=Grout |title=Newest, biggest, baddest roller coasters for summer |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/27/travel/roller-coasters-2013/ |publisher=[[CNN]] |location=Atlanta, Georgia|date=July 6, 2013 |access-date=February 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131223031343/http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/27/travel/roller-coasters-2013 |archive-date=December 23, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="CulturalCoaster50">{{cite news|title=The Joker And Harley Quinn Bring Havoc, Chaos, Twists And Spins As Two New Rides Open For The 2015 Season|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150522005369/en/JOKER-Harley-Quinn-Bring-Havoc-Chaos-Twists#.VV-n4k9VhBc|work=[[Business Wire]] |date=May 22, 2015|access-date=May 22, 2015| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150530083502/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150522005369/en/JOKER-Harley-Quinn-Bring-Havoc-Chaos-Twists| archive-date=May 30, 2015| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DeadlineJokerOscar">{{cite news| first=Erik|last=Pedersen | title =Oscars: Wins By Film & Studio| url=https://deadline.com/2020/02/oscars-wins-by-film-studio-2020-1202855879/ |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]| date =February 9, 2020 |access-date=February 10, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200210205409/https://deadline.com/2020/02/oscars-wins-by-film-studio-2020-1202855879/ |archive-date=February 10, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Debut">{{cite magazine|first=Jill |last=Lepore | author-link = Jill Lepore| title =Batman's Gun | url =http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/comment/2012/07/gun-laws-and-batman.html | magazine= [[The New Yorker]]|location=New York City|date=July 24, 2012 | access-date =February 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205183433/http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/comment/2012/07/gun-laws-and-batman.html | archive-date=December 5, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Debut2">{{cite news |first=Alex |last=Zalben |title=When Is Batman's Birthday, Actually? |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1725027/batman-75th-anniversary-birthday-date/ |publisher=[[MTV News]] |location=New York City|date=March 28, 2014 |access-date=August 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726083747/http://www.mtv.com/news/1725027/batman-75th-anniversary-birthday-date/ |archive-date=July 26, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="DetectiveComic664">{{cite comic | writer=[[Chuck Dixon|Dixon, Chuck]] | cowriters= | penciller=Nolan, Graham| copencillers= | inker=Hanna, Scott| coinker= |colorist=Roy, Adrienne | title=[[Detective Comics]] | story= Knightfall – Who Rules the Night| volume=1 | issue=664 | date=July 1993 | publisher=[[DC Comics]] | location=Burbank, California |ref={{SfnRef|Dixon|July 1993}}|}}</ref>

<ref name="DetectiveComic741">{{cite comic | writer=Rucka, Greg, Grayson, Devin | penciller=Scott, Damion, Eaglesham, Dale| copencillers= | inker=Parsons, Sean, Buscema, Sal, Hunter, Rob| coinker= |colorist=Rambo, Pamela | title=[[Detective Comics]] | story=No Man's Land – Endgame: Part 3 – Sleep in Heavenly Peace | issue=741 | date=February 2000 | publisher=[[DC Comics]] | location=Burbank, California |ref={{SfnRef|Rucka|February 2000}}|}}</ref>

<ref name="DOGGreatest">{{cite web |first=Vinny|last=Murphy| url =http://www.denofgeek.us/books-comics/the-joker/231615/the-joker-the-true-evil-of-batmans-greatest-foe| title =The Joker: The True Evil of Batman's Greatest Foe| website=[[Den of Geek]] | publisher=Dennis Publishing|location=London, England|date =April 26, 2015 | access-date =August 4, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709035508/http://www.denofgeek.us/books-comics/the-joker/231615/the-joker-the-true-evil-of-batmans-greatest-foe|archive-date=July 9, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DoGIC">{{cite web |first=Marc|last=Buxton| url =http://www.denofgeek.us/books-comics/the-joker/241406/almost-got-him-10-times-the-joker-almost-nailed-batman| title =Almost Got Him: 10 Times the Joker Almost Nailed Batman| website=[[Den of Geek]] | publisher=Dennis Publishing|location=London, England|date =December 4, 2014 | access-date =January 25, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430142514/http://www.denofgeek.us/books-comics/the-joker/241406/almost-got-him-10-times-the-joker-almost-nailed-batman|archive-date=April 30, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DotF1">{{cite comic | writer=[[Scott Snyder|Snyder, Scott]] | cowriters= |artist=| penciller=[[Greg Capullo|Capullo, Greg]] | copencillers= | inker=Glapion, Jonathan | coinker= |colorist=FCO Plascencia | title=[[Batman (comic book)|Batman]] | story=Death of the Family – Knock Knock | issue= 13 | date=December 2012 | publisher=[[Detective Comics]] | location=New York, NY |ref={{SfnRef|Snyder|December 2012}}}}</ref>

<ref name="DOTFGuardian">{{cite news|first=Stuart| last=Kelly | url =https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/feb/14/comics-fiction | title =Batman: Death of the Family #17 by Scott Snyder and Greg Capullo – review| work=[[The Guardian]]| date =February 14, 2013 | access-date =April 21, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421133301/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/feb/14/comics-fiction |archive-date=April 21, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DoubleGuns">{{cite news|title=Pictures of the day: 9 November 2010| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/8119486/Pictures-of-the-day-9-November-2010.html?image=16 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=November 9, 2010 |access-date=November 20, 2019 |location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112025929/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/8119486/Pictures-of-the-day-9-November-2010.html?image=16| archive-date =November 12, 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="DoubleGunsDeux">{{cite news|title=Rare Superman, Batman covers heading for auction | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/8119486/Pictures-of-the-day-9-November-2010.html?image=16 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |publisher=The Jerusalem Post Group |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=November 9, 2010 |access-date=November 20, 2019 |location=Jerusalem |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101112025929/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/picturesoftheday/8119486/Pictures-of-the-day-9-November-2010.html?image=16 | archive-date =November 12, 2010| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GameArkKnight">{{cite web|first=Chris |last= Suellentrop|title=Batman: Arkham Knight: The Kotaku Review |url=http://kotaku.com/batman-arkham-knight-the-kotaku-review-1712988273|publisher=[[Kotaku]] |date=June 22, 2015 |access-date=June 27, 2015| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150623123552/http://kotaku.com/batman-arkham-knight-the-kotaku-review-1712988273| archive-date =June 23, 2015| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GameTelltale">{{cite web|first=Evan |last=Narcisse |title=A Very Familiar Smile Will Be Showing Up Next Week in the Telltale Batman Video Game |url=http://io9.gizmodo.com/a-very-familiar-smile-will-be-showing-up-next-week-in-t-1789095982 |publisher=[[io9]] |date=November 17, 2016 |access-date=December 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161209212336/http://io9.gizmodo.com/a-very-familiar-smile-will-be-showing-up-next-week-in-t-1789095982 |archive-date=December 9, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="GameTelltale2">{{cite magazine| first=Nick |last=Romano |title=Riddler returns, Joker takes a selfie in Telltale's Batman: The Enemy Within trailer |url=https://ew.com/gaming/2017/08/03/batman-enemy-within-trailer-telltale/ |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=August 3, 2017 |access-date=August 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170821230145/http://ew.com/gaming/2017/08/03/batman-enemy-within-trailer-telltale/ |archive-date=August 21, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news|first=Stuart|last=Kelly| url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/apr/30/has-dc-killed-batman-and-joker-endgame-scott-snyder|title=Has DC killed Batman and the Joker?|date=April 30, 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=April 30, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529233646/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/apr/30/has-dc-killed-batman-and-joker-endgame-scott-snyder|archive-date=May 29, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GoldenAge1">{{cite news|first=Alex| last=Cohen | title =The Joker: Torn Between Goof And Evil | url =https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92572470 |publisher=[[NPR]] | date=July 16, 2008 |access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140408201428/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92572470 | archive-date =April 8, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GoldenAge2">{{cite news|first=Geoff| last=Boucher | title =The Joker returns to 'Batman' pages, building on 72-year history | url =http://herocomplex.latimes.com/movies/the-joker-returns-to-batman-pages-building-on-72-year-history/#/8 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=August 1, 2012 |access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131023005813/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/movies/the-joker-returns-to-batman-pages-building-on-72-year-history/ | archive-date =October 23, 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GoldenAge3">{{cite web| first=Simon |last=Gallagher | title =10 Terrible Mistakes That Almost Ruined Batman For Everyone | url =http://whatculture.com/comics/10-terrible-mistakes-that-almost-ruined-batman-for-everyone.php/11 |publisher = [[WhatCulture]] | date =September 1, 2013 |access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131016123342/http://whatculture.com/comics/10-terrible-mistakes-that-almost-ruined-batman-for-everyone.php/11 | archive-date =October 16, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GoldenAge5">{{cite web| first=J.C. |last=Macek III | title =Spotlight on The Dark Knight: 'The Smile on the Bat' | url =https://popmatters.com/post/168727-spotlight-on-the-dark-knight-the-smile-on-the-bat/ |work=[[PopMatters]] | date =February 26, 2013 |access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021191014/http://www.popmatters.com/post/168727-spotlight-on-the-dark-knight-the-smile-on-the-bat/ | archive-date = October 21, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GoldenAge6">{{cite news| first=George Gene |last=Gustines | title =The Joker in the Deck: Birth of a Supervillain | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/05/books/05robinson.html|work=[[The New York Times]]| date =October 4, 2010 |access-date=October 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113033819/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/05/books/05robinson.html?_r=0 |archive-date=November 13, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Gotham1">{{cite news| first=Dominic|last=Patten | title ='Gotham' EPs On Tonight's "Bittersweet" Series Finale, Potential Of More Batman & Their Pride In The Show | url=https://deadline.com/2019/04/gotham-spoilers-series-finale-batman-interview-danny-cannon-john-stephens-fox-dc-comics-1202602146/ |work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]| date =April 25, 2019 |access-date=April 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426144127/https://deadline.com/2019/04/gotham-spoilers-series-finale-batman-interview-danny-cannon-john-stephens-fox-dc-comics-1202602146/ |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GRadarGreatest">{{cite web|first=George|last=Wales| title=50 Greatest Batman Villains |url=https://gamesradar.com/50-greatest-batman-villains/ |publisher=[[GamesRadar]] |date=July 18, 2012 |access-date=August 4, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924021522/http://www.gamesradar.com/50-greatest-batman-villains/|archive-date=September 24, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="GRadarHamill">{{cite web|first=Emily|last=Garbutt| title=Mark Hamill doubles down on his Joker retirement – for a heartbreaking reason |url=https://www.gamesradar.com/mark-hamill-joker-retirement-batman-kevin-conroy/ |publisher=[[GamesRadar]] |date=November 27, 2023 |access-date=March 22, 2025 }}</ref>

<ref name="IGNEndgame">{{cite web|first=Joshua |last=Yehl |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2014/10/08/batman-writer-scott-snyder-addresses-huge-surprise?page=1 |title=Batman Writer Scott Snyder Addresses Huge Surprise |date=October 8, 2014 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=October 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011081634/http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/10/08/batman-writer-scott-snyder-addresses-huge-surprise?page=1 |archive-date=October 11, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="IGNEndgame2">{{cite web|first=Joshua |last=Yehl |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2014/10/08/batman-writer-scott-snyder-addresses-huge-surprise?page=2 |title=Batman Writer Scott Snyder Addresses Huge Surprise (Page 2) |date=October 8, 2014 |website=[[IGN]] |access-date=October 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010143903/http://www.ign.com/articles/2014/10/08/batman-writer-scott-snyder-addresses-huge-surprise?page=2 |archive-date=October 10, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="IGNJokerStories">{{cite web |first=Daniel|last=Phillips | url =https://uk.ign.com/articles/2009/12/14/ultimate-bookshelf-the-joker | title =Ultimate Bookshelf: The Joker | website=[[IGN]]| date = December 14, 2009| access-date =February 16, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216221149/http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/12/14/ultimate-bookshelf-the-joker |archive-date=February 16, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="IGNRogues">{{cite web |first=Daniel|last=Phillips | url =https://uk.ign.com/articles/2008/02/01/rogues-gallery-the-joker | title =Rogue's Gallery: The Joker| website=[[IGN]]| date=January 31, 2008| access-date =February 14, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215000737/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/02/01/rogues-gallery-the-joker |archive-date=February 15, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactAFI100">{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years&nbsp;... 100 Heroes & Villains |url=http://www.afi.com/100Years/handv.aspx|publisher=[[American Film Institute]] |date=June 2003|access-date=February 3, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120214195710/http://www.afi.com/100Years/handv.aspx | archive-date =February 14, 2012| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactCBR">{{cite web|first=Brian K.|last=Eason |title=Dark Knight Flashback: The Joker, Part I |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=17182 |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=July 11, 2008 |access-date=February 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223134810/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=17182 |archive-date=February 23, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactCBR2">{{cite web|first=Brian K.|last=Eason |title=Dark Knight Flashback: The Joker, Part II |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=17255 |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=July 16, 2008 |access-date=February 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909195632/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=17255 |archive-date=September 9, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactCHumor2013">{{cite web|title=The 25 Greatest Comic Book Villains of All-Time |url=http://www.collegehumor.com/post/6872391/the-25-greatest-comic-book-villains-of-all-time/page:5 |publisher=[[CollegeHumor]] |date=February 20, 2013 |access-date=February 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216211833/http://www.collegehumor.com/post/6872391/the-25-greatest-comic-book-villains-of-all-time/page%3A5 |archive-date=February 16, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactComplex">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Serafino |title=The 25 Greatest Comic Book Villains of All Time |url=http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2013/09/greatest-comic-book-villains/the-joker |work=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|date=September 8, 2013 |access-date=October 11, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131106083444/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2013/09/greatest-comic-book-villains/the-joker | archive-date =November 6, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactEmpire">{{cite web|url=https://empireonline.com/50greatestcomiccharacters/default.asp?c=8 |title=The 50 Greatest Comic Book Characters |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |year=2008 |access-date=December 26, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308180527/http://www.empireonline.com/50greatestcomiccharacters/default.asp?c=8 |archive-date=March 8, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactGRadar">{{cite web|title=100 best villains in video games |url=https://gamesradar.com/top-100-villains-video-games/ |publisher=[[GamesRadar]] |date=January 27, 2014 |access-date=February 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024084644/http://www.gamesradar.com/top-100-villains-video-games/ |archive-date=October 24, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactIGN">{{cite web |first=Daniel|last=Phillips | url =http://uk.comics.ign.com/top-100-villains/2.html | title =Top 100 Comic Book Villains – Number 2: The Joker | website=[[IGN]]|year=2009| access-date =January 14, 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140116073602/http://uk.comics.ign.com/top-100-villains/2.html | archive-date = January 16, 2014| url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactIGN2">{{cite web|first=Daniel |last=Phillips |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2008/12/08/why-so-serious-the-many-looks-of-joker |title=Why So Serious?: The Many Looks of Joker |website=[[IGN]] |date=December 8, 2008 |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012122121/http://www.ign.com/articles/2008/12/08/why-so-serious-the-many-looks-of-joker |archive-date=October 12, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactIGN2013">{{cite web |first=Jesse |last=Schedeen | url =https://uk.ign.com/articles/2013/11/23/the-top-25-villains-of-dc-comics?page=5 | title =The Top 25 Villains of DC Comics| website=[[IGN]]| date =November 22, 2013| access-date =January 14, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219190816/http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/11/23/the-top-25-villains-of-dc-comics?page=5 |archive-date=February 19, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactIGNHero">{{cite web |first=Joey |last=Esposito | url =https://uk.ign.com/articles/2011/12/10/hero-worship-the-appeal-of-the-joker | title =Hero Worship: The Appeal of the Joker | website=[[IGN]]| date =December 9, 2011| access-date =January 16, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216222719/http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/12/10/hero-worship-the-appeal-of-the-joker |archive-date=February 16, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactLATimes">{{cite news|first=Geoff| last=Boucher | title ='Joker' creator Jerry Robinson reflects on Gotham and the golden age | url =http://herocomplex.latimes.com/comics/joker-creator-jerry-robinson-reflects-on-gotham-and-the-golden-age/|work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date =May 6, 2009 |access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140119073650/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/comics/joker-creator-jerry-robinson-reflects-on-gotham-and-the-golden-age/ | archive-date =January 19, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactMoral1">{{cite web|first=Lauren |last=Davis |title=Should Batman Kill The Joker? Perspectives From Five Famous Philosophers |url=http://comicsalliance.com/batman-kill-joker-philosophy/ |publisher=[[ComicsAlliance]] |date=March 2, 2012 |access-date=February 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221214641/http://comicsalliance.com/batman-kill-joker-philosophy/ |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactMoral2">{{cite news| first1=Mark D |last1=White |first2=Robert |last2=Arp| title =Should Batman kill the Joker? | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/25/opinion/25iht-edwhite.1.14793506.html|work=[[The New York Times]]| date =July 25, 2008 |access-date=February 21, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221220410/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/25/opinion/25iht-edwhite.1.14793506.html?_r=0 |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactMoral3">{{cite news| first=Jesse |last=Richards | title =Why Doesn't Batman Just Kill The Joker?| url=https://huffingtonpost.com/quora/why-doesnt-batman-just-ki_b_3686003.html |work=HuffPost | date =January 8, 2013 |access-date=February 21, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221221915/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/quora/why-doesnt-batman-just-ki_b_3686003.html |archive-date=February 21, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactRama2013">{{cite news|first1=Albert |last1=Ching |first2=Lucas |last2=Siegel |title=The 10 Greatest Batman Villains of All Time! |url=http://www.newsarama.com/15456-the-10-greatest-batman-villains-of-all-time.html |work=[[Newsarama]] |date=October 10, 2013 |access-date=March 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202092310/http://www.newsarama.com/15456-the-10-greatest-batman-villains-of-all-time.html |archive-date=February 2, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactTime2013">{{cite news|first=Gary | last=Susman | title =Super Bad: 10 Best Movie Supervillains | url =https://entertainment.time.com/2013/05/07/super-bad-10-best-movie-supervillains/slide/the-joker/| magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date =May 6, 2013|access-date=February 16, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808072516/http://entertainment.time.com/2013/05/07/super-bad-10-best-movie-supervillains/slide/the-joker/ |archive-date=August 8, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactTVGuide">{{cite magazine|first1=Bruce|last1=Bretts|first2=Matt|last2=Roush|date=March 25, 2013|title=Baddies to the Bone: The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Tim|magazine=[[TV Guide]]|pages=14–15}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactWhatCulture">{{cite web| title =100 Greatest Comic Book Villains of All Time | url =http://whatculture.com/comics/100-greatest-comic-book-villains-of-all-time.php/35|website = WhatCulture | date =October 6, 2013 |access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140307154729/http://whatculture.com/comics/100-greatest-comic-book-villains-of-all-time.php/35 | archive-date =March 7, 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactWired">{{cite news|first=Scott |last=Hill |title=Comics' Greatest Supervillain? No Joke, It's the Joker |url=https://www.wired.com/underwire/2011/10/joker/ |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=October 27, 2011 |access-date=February 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915074054/http://www.wired.com/underwire/2011/10/joker/ |archive-date=September 15, 2012 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactWizard">{{cite journal|author=<!--Staff--> |date=July 2006 |title=Top 100 Greatest Villains |journal=[[Wizard (magazine)|Wizard]] |volume=1 |issue= 177}}</ref>

<ref name="ImpactWizard2">{{cite web|url=http://www.wizarduniverse.com/05240810thgreatestcharacters2.html |title=The 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time |work=[[Wizard (magazine)|Wizard]] |date=May 23, 2008 |access-date=April 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003165505/http://www.wizarduniverse.com/05240810thgreatestcharacters2.html |archive-date=October 3, 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="InfoCA1">{{cite web|first=Chris |last=Sims |title=Roundtable Review: 'Batman And Robin' #13 |url=http://comicsalliance.com/roundtable-review-batman-and-robin-13/ |publisher=[[ComicsAlliance]] |date=July 8, 2010 |access-date=February 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224003034/http://comicsalliance.com/roundtable-review-batman-and-robin-13/ |archive-date=February 24, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="InfoCA2">{{cite web|first=David |last=Uzumeri |title=Black Mass: Batman And Robin #16 [Annotations] |url=http://comicsalliance.com/batman-and-robin-16-annotations/ |publisher=[[ComicsAlliance]] |date=November 3, 2010 |access-date=February 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110160614/http://comicsalliance.com/batman-and-robin-16-annotations/ |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="InfoDoG1">{{cite web |first=Seb|last=Patrick| url =https://denofgeek.com/books-comics/batman/11325/batman-a-death-in-the-family| title =Batman: A Death In The Family | publisher=[[Dennis Publishing|Den of Geek]] | date =November 24, 2008 | access-date =February 23, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223235903/http://www.denofgeek.com/books-comics/batman/11325/batman-a-death-in-the-family |archive-date=February 23, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Joker2019BORecords">{{cite news|first=Frank |last=Pallotta |title='Joker' becomes the highest-grossing R-rated film ever |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/25/media/joker-r-rated-box-office-record/index.html |website=[[CNN]]|date=October 25, 2019 |access-date=October 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026193710/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/25/media/joker-r-rated-box-office-record/index.html |archive-date=October 26, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="JokerBioGeek">{{cite web|first=Brian |last=Kroner |title=Geek's 20 Greatest Joker Moments Ever, Part I |url=http://www.geekexchange.com/geeks-25-best-joker-moments-ever-part-i-29607.html |work=[[Geek Monthly|Geek Exchange]] |date=December 21, 2012 |access-date=December 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131227223203/http://www.geekexchange.com/geeks-25-best-joker-moments-ever-part-i-29607.html |archive-date=December 27, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="JokerBioGeek2">{{cite web|first=Brian |last=Kroner |title=Geek's 20 Greatest Joker Moments Ever, Part II |url=http://www.geekexchange.com/geeks-20-greatest-joker-moments-ever-part-ii-29791.html |work=[[Geek Monthly|Geek Exchange]] |date=December 21, 2012 |access-date=December 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131227223242/http://www.geekexchange.com/geeks-20-greatest-joker-moments-ever-part-ii-29791.html |archive-date=December 27, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="JokerBioGeek3">{{cite web|first=Brian |last=Kroner |title=Geek's 20 Greatest Joker Moments Ever, Part III |url=http://www.geekexchange.com/geeks-20-greatest-joker-moments-ever-part-iii-30505.html |work=[[Geek Monthly|Geek Exchange]] |date=December 21, 2012 |access-date=December 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130520090100/http://www.geekexchange.com/geeks-20-greatest-joker-moments-ever-part-iii-30505.html |archive-date=May 20, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="JokerDevilsAdvocate">{{cite web|first=Hilary|last=Goldstein|url=http://comics.ign.com/articles/618/618664p1.html|title=The Joker: Devil's Advocate|website=[[IGN]]|date=May 24, 2005|access-date=April 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419223046/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/05/25/the-joker-devils-advocate |archive-date=April 19, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="JokerGadgets">{{cite web|first=Brian|last=Cronin|title=When We First Met – Joker's Deadly Bag of Tricks |url=http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2014/03/15/when-we-first-met-jokers-deadly-bag-of-tricks/|website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=March 15, 2014|access-date=January 25, 2015| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150208034517/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2014/03/15/when-we-first-met-jokers-deadly-bag-of-tricks/| archive-date =February 8, 2015| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="JokerMortalKombat11">{{cite web|first=Frank |last=Lovece |url=https://www.polygon.com/2020/1/16/21068631/mortal-kombat-11-joker-release-date-kombat-pack-pc-ps4-xbox-one |title=The Joker brings a bag of deadly surprises to Mortal Kombat 11 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=January 16, 2020 |access-date=January 18, 2020 |archive-date=January 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200118135853/https://www.polygon.com/2020/1/16/21068631/mortal-kombat-11-joker-release-date-kombat-pack-pc-ps4-xbox-one |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="KaneLovece">{{cite web|first=Frank |last=Lovece |url=http://franklovece.com/webexclusives.html |title=Web Exclusives – Bob Kane interview |publisher=FrankLovece.com (official site of [[Entertainment Weekly]] writer) |date=May 17, 1994 |access-date=August 28, 2014 |archive-date=February 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204122050/http://franklovece.com/webexclusives.html |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="LubbockOnline">{{cite news |first=Karen|last=Michael| url =http://lubbockonline.com/education/2015-04-17/texas-tech-librarian-and-professor-publish-book-joker|title=Texas Tech librarian and professor publish book on Joker|newspaper=[[Lubbock Avalanche-Journal]] | date =April 17, 2015 |access-date=April 21, 2015| archive-date =April 23, 2015| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150423012237/http://lubbockonline.com/education/2015-04-17/texas-tech-librarian-and-professor-publish-book-joker|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Media1">{{cite web|title=Top 10 Comic to TV Adaptations |url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2007/06/22/top-10-comic-to-tv-adaptations?page=3 |website=[[IGN]]|date=June 21, 2007 |access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131015002820/http://uk.ign.com/articles/2007/06/22/top-10-comic-to-tv-adaptations?page=3 | archive-date = October 15, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Media2">{{cite news|title=A brief history of the Joker |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-joker-2008-pg,0,3865696.photogallery?index=lat-joker8_igaeb3kf20080718123115 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023121032/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-joker-2008-pg%2C0%2C3865696.photogallery?index=lat-joker8_igaeb3kf20080718123115 |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Media3">{{cite news|title=A brief history of the Joker |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-joker-2008-pg,0,3865696.photogallery?index=la-joker-07-photo |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023121025/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-joker-2008-pg%2C0%2C3865696.photogallery?index=la-joker-07-photo |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Media4">{{cite news|title=A brief history of the Joker |url=https://latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-joker-2008-pg,0,3865696.photogallery?index=la-joker-03-photo |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023121028/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/movies/la-et-joker-2008-pg%2C0%2C3865696.photogallery?index=la-joker-03-photo |archive-date=October 23, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Media5">{{cite web|first=Dan |last=Jolin |title=The Making of the Joker |url=https://empireonline.com/features/heath-ledger-joker |work=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date=December 2009|access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131209000355/http://www.empireonline.com/features/heath-ledger-joker | archive-date = December 9, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Media6">{{cite web|first=Kirsten |last=Acuna |title=Everyone Was Also Furious with the Initial Casting of Heath Ledger As The Joker |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/heath-ledger-was-criticized-before-played-joker-2013-8 |website=[[Business Insider]] |date=August 23, 2013 |access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140122133404/http://www.businessinsider.com/heath-ledger-was-criticized-before-played-joker-2013-8 | archive-date =January 22, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Media7">{{cite news|title='Slumdog Millionaire' fulfills its Oscar destiny |url=http://www.today.com/id/29332714 |work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]] |date=February 23, 2009 |access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140116194948/http://www.today.com/id/29332714 | archive-date = January 16, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Media8">{{cite web|first=Chris |last=Sims |title=Mark Hamill Retires From His Role As The Joker After 19 Years |url=http://comicsalliance.com/mark-hamill-retires-the-joker-arkham-city/ |publisher=[[ComicsAlliance]] |date=October 19, 2011 |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223103530/http://comicsalliance.com/mark-hamill-retires-the-joker-arkham-city/ |archive-date=February 23, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Media9">{{cite news|first=Oliver |last=Sava |title=Mask of the Phantasm |url=https://www.avclub.com/batman-the-animated-series-mask-of-the-phantasm-1798168006 |newspaper=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=April 18, 2011 |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107180837/http://www.avclub.com/articles/mask-of-the-phantasm%2C54695/ |archive-date=November 7, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Media10">{{cite news|first=Sean |last=Keane |title=New York Comic Con 2013: The Electrocutioner takes on the Dark Knight in 'Batman: Arkham Origins' |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/electrocutioner-takes-dark-knight-batman-arkham-origins-article-1.1485779 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York |date=October 14, 2013 |access-date=October 16, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131018045927/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/electrocutioner-takes-dark-knight-batman-arkham-origins-article-1.1485779 | archive-date = October 18, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Media11">{{cite news|first=Adam |last=Rosenberg |title='Arkham Origins' Stars Talk The First Meeting of Batman and the Joker |url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/batman-vs-joker-arkham-origins-stars-on-the-challenge-of-becoming-iconic-characters/2/ |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|date=October 15, 2013 |access-date=October 16, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131016052259/http://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/batman-vs-joker-arkham-origins-stars-on-the-challenge-of-becoming-iconic-characters/2/ | archive-date =October 16, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Media12">{{cite web|first=Kevin |last=Melrose |title=Michael Emerson Takes On the Joker in 'Batman: The Dark Knight Returns' |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=40818 |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=September 4, 2012 |access-date=October 17, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140408043243/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=40818 | archive-date=April 8, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Media13">{{cite web|first=Alasdair |last=Wilkins |title=Under the Red Hood cuts through Batman's baggage to reveal the dark side of his legacy |url=http://io9.com/5601910/batman-under-the-red-hood-tosses-the-comics-baggage-to-reveal-the-dark-side-of-the-bat+legacy |website=[[io9]] |date=August 1, 2010 |access-date=October 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225060637/http://io9.com/5601910/batman-under-the-red-hood-tosses-the-comics-baggage-to-reveal-the-dark-side-of-the-bat%2Blegacy |archive-date=February 25, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="Media66">{{cite news|first=Ben| last=Child| url =https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2016/mar/16/mark-hamill-jack-nicholson-heath-ledger-joker-batman-best | title =Mark Hamill, Jack Nicholson, Heath Ledger ... whose Joker was best? | work=[[The Guardian]]| date =March 16, 2016 | access-date =June 24, 2017 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20170623233543/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2016/mar/16/mark-hamill-jack-nicholson-heath-ledger-joker-batman-best |archive-date=June 23, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaDCU">{{cite web|first=Hugh |last=Armitage |title=Mark Hamill returns as Joker in 'DC Universe Online' |url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/gaming/news/a382293/mark-hamill-returns-as-joker-in-dc-universe-online.html |work=[[Digital Spy]] |date=May 18, 2012 |access-date=December 19, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220021249/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/gaming/news/a382293/mark-hamill-returns-as-joker-in-dc-universe-online.html | archive-date =December 20, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaEbert">{{cite web|first=Roger |last=Ebert |authorlink=Roger Ebert|title=Batman |url=https://rogerebert.com/reviews/batman-1989 |work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] |date=June 23, 1989 |access-date=July 24, 2015 | via=[[RogerEbert.com]]|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141219092114/http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/batman-1989 | archive-date=December 19, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaIGAU">{{cite news|first=Daniel |last=Nye Griffiths |title=Injustice: Gods Among Us – Review |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/games/2013/04/22/injustice-gods-among-us-review/ |work=[[Forbes]] |date=April 22, 2013 |access-date=December 8, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131213010742/http://www.forbes.com/sites/games/2013/04/22/injustice-gods-among-us-review/ | archive-date = December 13, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaIJ2">{{cite web|first=Nick |last=Valdez |title=Joker puts a smile on that face in newest Injustice 2 gameplay trailer |url=https://www.destructoid.com/joker-puts-a-smile-on-that-face-in-newest-injustice-2-gameplay-trailer-433532.phtml |website=[[Destructoid]] |date=April 28, 2017 |access-date=June 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170603220611/https://www.destructoid.com/joker-puts-a-smile-on-that-face-in-newest-injustice-2-gameplay-trailer-433532.phtml |archive-date=June 3, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy }}</ref>

<ref name="MediaLego1">{{cite web |first=Steve |last=Watts |url=http://www.shacknews.com/article/51374/joker-harley-quinn-in-lego |title=Joker, Harley Quinn in LEGO Batman Screenshots | date=February 18, 2008 |access-date=December 26, 2013 |website=[[Shacknews]] | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131228031455/http://www.shacknews.com/article/51374/joker-harley-quinn-in-lego | archive-date =December 28, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaLego2">{{cite news|title=Anime USA Welcomes Voice Actor, Christopher Corey Smith |url=https://animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2013-07-22/anime-usa-welcomes-voice-actor-christopher-corey-smith |work=[[Anime News Network]] |date=July 22, 2013 |access-date=December 19, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220043537/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2013-07-22/anime-usa-welcomes-voice-actor-christopher-corey-smith | archive-date =December 20, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaLego3">{{cite web |first=Steve|last=Hannley|url=http://www.hardcoregamer.com/2014/07/28/cast-featured-in-new-lego-batman-3-beyond-gotham-trailer/96224/|title=Cast Featured in New LEGO Batman 3: Beyond Gotham Trailer|publisher=Hardcore Gamer|date=July 28, 2014|access-date=March 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150312222342/http://www.hardcoregamer.com/2014/07/28/cast-featured-in-new-lego-batman-3-beyond-gotham-trailer/96224/|archive-date=March 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaMKvsDCU">{{cite web|first=Michael |last=Thompson |title=Review: Mortal Kombat vs DC Universe |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2008/11/review-mortal-kombat-vs-dc-universe/ |website=Ars Technica |date=November 18, 2008 |access-date=December 8, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131213110302/http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2008/11/review-mortal-kombat-vs-dc-universe/ | archive-date =December 13, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaSuicide">{{cite news|first=Justin |last=Kroll |title='Suicide Squad' Cast Revealed: Jared Leto to Play the Joker, Will Smith is Deadshot|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/suicide-squad-cast-revealed-jared-leto-to-play-the-joker-will-smith-is-deadshot-1201368867/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=December 2, 2014 |access-date=December 28, 2014 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20141203214559/http://variety.com/2014/film/news/suicide-squad-cast-revealed-jared-leto-to-play-the-joker-will-smith-is-deadshot-1201368867/| archive-date =December 3, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaSShock">{{cite magazine|first=Jim |last=Reilly |title=Mark Hamill Retires From Joker Role |url=https://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2011/10/20/looks-like-mark-hamill-is-done-with-the-joker.aspx |magazine=[[Game Informer]]|date=October 20, 2011 |access-date=December 22, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131228080620/http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2011/10/20/looks-like-mark-hamill-is-done-with-the-joker.aspx | archive-date =December 28, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaTBatB">{{cite web|first=Kethlene |last=Jean-Jacques |title=Jeff Bennett: Joker Through the Years |url=http://www.celebuzz.com/photos/joker-through-the-years/jeff-bennett-the-joker/ |website=[[Celebuzz]] |access-date=October 19, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131020144606/http://www.celebuzz.com/photos/joker-through-the-years/jeff-bennett-the-joker/ | archive-date =October 20, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaTheBatman">{{cite web|first=Kethlene |last=Jean-Jacques |title=Kevin Michael Richardson: Joker Through the Years |url=http://www.celebuzz.com/photos/joker-through-the-years/kevin-michael-richardson-joker/ |work=[[Celebuzz]] |access-date=October 19, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131020144043/http://www.celebuzz.com/photos/joker-through-the-years/kevin-michael-richardson-joker/ | archive-date =October 20, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaTheBatman2">{{cite web|first=Chris |last=Mason |title=The Batman – The Review! |url=http://www.superherohype.com/features/articles/86715-the-batman---the-review |work=SuperHeroHype |publisher=[[CraveOnline]] |date=September 12, 2004 |access-date=October 19, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131020162628/http://www.superherohype.com/features/articles/86715-the-batman---the-review | archive-date=October 20, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="FilmationVoice3">{{cite book|title=Creating The Filmation Generation|isbn = 9781605490441|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Lou_Scheimer/sVB5zwEACAAJ&pg=PT62|quote=Ted Knight was the narrator, plus he played Alfred the Butler, Commissioner Gordon, and the villains. Jane Webb did Batgirl and Catwoman and the other female characters. And I did some of the minor voice work here and there as well, for the first time.|access-date=March 22, 2024|last1=Scheimer|first1=Lou|last2= Mangels|first2=Andy|date = December 15, 2012| publisher=TwoMorrows }}</ref>

<ref name="MediaTDK">{{cite news|first=Scott |last=Mendelson |title='Cloudy 2', 'Batman Begins', And 5 More Hits That Survived "Disappointing" Debuts |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2013/10/03/cloudy-2-batman-begins-and-5-more-hits-that-survived-disappointing-debuts/ |work=[[Forbes]] |date=October 3, 2013 |access-date=October 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006220631/http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2013/10/03/cloudy-2-batman-begins-and-5-more-hits-that-survived-disappointing-debuts/ |archive-date=October 6, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="MediaTDK2">{{cite news|first=Scott |last=Mendelson |title=How 'The Dark Knight' Proved Irrelevance of Box Office Rank |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2013/09/17/how-the-dark-knight-proved-irrelevance-of-box-office-rank/ |work=[[Forbes]]|date=September 17, 2013 |access-date=October 17, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130919100300/http://www.forbes.com/sites/scottmendelson/2013/09/17/how-the-dark-knight-proved-irrelevance-of-box-office-rank/ | archive-date =September 19, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaTDK3">{{cite news|first=Pamela | last=McClintock |title=Box Office Milestone: 'Dark Knight Rises' Crosses $1 Billion Worldwide |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-milestone-dark-knight-rises-warner-bros-christopher-nolan-christian-bale-367476 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date= September 2, 2012|access-date=October 17, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140109092114/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/box-office-milestone-dark-knight-rises-warner-bros-christopher-nolan-christian-bale-367476 | archive-date =January 9, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaTDK4">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=batmanbegins.htm |title=Batman Begins |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=October 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101144454/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=batmanbegins.htm |archive-date=January 1, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="MediaTLBM">{{cite news|first=Lexy |last=Perez |title='The Lego Batman Movie': Meet the Voices Behind Each Animated Character |url=https://hollywoodreporter.com/lists/lego-batman-movie-cast-meet-voices-behind-animated-character-971026/item/lego-batman-movie-zach-galifianakis-joker-971034 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=February 10, 2017 |access-date=June 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170603225315/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/lego-batman-movie-cast-meet-voices-behind-animated-character-971026/item/lego-batman-movie-will-arnett-batman-bruce-wayne-971028 |archive-date=June 3, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="MediaWeinrib">{{cite web|first=Kethlene |last=Jean-Jacques |title=Lennie Weinrib: Joker Through the Years |url=http://www.celebuzz.com/photos/joker-through-the-years/lennie-weinrib-joker/ |publisher=[[Celebuzz]] |access-date=October 19, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131020144529/http://www.celebuzz.com/photos/joker-through-the-years/lennie-weinrib-joker/ | archive-date =October 20, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaWelker">{{cite news|first=Steve |last=Fritz |title=Animated Shorts – Actor Lends Voice to the Joker Legacy|url=http://www.newsarama.com/2617-animated-shorts-actor-lends-voice-to-the-joker-legacy.html |work=[[Newsarama]] |date=April 7, 2009 |access-date=October 19, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131020123339/http://www.newsarama.com/2617-animated-shorts-actor-lends-voice-to-the-joker-legacy.html | archive-date =October 20, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaWelker2">{{cite web |title=The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians (1985–1986) |url=http://www.dccomics.com/tv/the-super-powers-team-galactic-guardians-1985-1986 |work=DC Comics.com |date=February 3, 2012 |publisher=[[DC Comics]] |access-date=October 19, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021015708/http://www.dccomics.com/tv/the-super-powers-team-galactic-guardians-1985-1986 | archive-date =October 21, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="MediaYJ">{{cite web|first=Will|last=Harris |title=Brent Spiner on playing Conan O'Brien, Data on Star Trek, and Brent Spiner |url=https://avclub.com/article/brent-spiner-on-playing-conan-obrien-data-on-istar-81664 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |date=June 22, 2012 |access-date=December 22, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105647/http://www.avclub.com/article/brent-spiner-on-playing-conan-obrien-data-on-istar-81664 | archive-date =December 24, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ModernAge2">{{cite news|first=Joe |last=Strike | title=Frank Miller's 'Dark Knight' brought Batman back to life |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/frank-miller-dark-knight-brought-batman-back-life-article-1.351685 |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |date=July 15, 2008|access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130621141719/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/frank-miller-dark-knight-brought-batman-back-life-article-1.351685 | archive-date = June 21, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ModernAge4">{{cite web |first=Joey |last=Esposito | url =https://uk.ign.com/articles/2012/07/09/scott-snyder-talks-about-the-jokers-brutal-return | title =Scott Snyder Talks About the Joker's Brutal Return | website=[[IGN]]| date =July 9, 2012 | access-date =October 12, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514212106/http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/07/09/scott-snyder-talks-about-the-jokers-brutal-return |archive-date=May 14, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ModernAge5">{{cite web |first=Hilary |last=Goldstein | url =https://uk.ign.com/articles/2005/06/09/batman-a-death-in-the-family-review | title =Batman: A Death in the Family Review | website=[[IGN]] | date =June 9, 2005 | access-date =October 12, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514212904/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/06/09/batman-a-death-in-the-family-review|archive-date=May 14, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ModernAge10">{{cite web |first=Seb|last=Patrick| url =https://denofgeek.com/books-comics/5774/batman-the-killing-joke-deluxe-edition-review | title =Batman: The Killing Joke Deluxe Edition review | website=[[Dennis Publishing|Den of Geek]] | date =April 28, 2008 | access-date =October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131014173655/http://www.denofgeek.com/books-comics/5774/batman-the-killing-joke-deluxe-edition-review | archive-date =October 14, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ModernAge11">{{cite web |first=Hilary |last=Goldstein | url=https://uk.ign.com/articles/2005/05/25/batman-the-killing-joke-review | title=Batman: The Killing Joke Review | website=[[IGN]]| date=May 24, 2005 | access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514213044/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/05/25/batman-the-killing-joke-review|archive-date=May 14, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ModernAge12">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Serafino |title=The 25 Best DC Comics of All Time |url=http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/08/the-25-best-dc-comics-of-all-time/arkham-asylum-a-serious-house-on-serious-earth|work=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]] |date=August 22, 2011 |access-date=October 11, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121230155129/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/08/the-25-best-dc-comics-of-all-time/arkham-asylum-a-serious-house-on-serious-earth | archive-date =December 30, 2012| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ModernAge13">{{cite web|first=Jason |last=Serafino |title=The 25 Best DC Comics of All Time |url=http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2012/07/the-25-best-batman-comics-of-all-time/arkham-asylum-a-serious-house-on-serious-earth |work=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]] |date=July 17, 2012 |access-date=October 11, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130107013610/http://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2012/07/the-25-best-batman-comics-of-all-time/arkham-asylum-a-serious-house-on-serious-earth | archive-date = January 7, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ModernAge14">{{cite web|first=Jeffrey|last=Renaud |title=Scott Snyder Plays Joker In 'Death of the Family' |url=http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=43743 |website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=October 11, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131104042646/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=43743 | archive-date =November 4, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ModernAge15">{{cite web |first=Hilary |last=Goldstein | url =https://uk.ign.com/articles/2005/05/25/batman-harley-quinn-review | title =Batman: Harley Quinn Review | website=[[IGN]]| date =May 24, 2005 | access-date =October 15, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514213225/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/05/25/batman-harley-quinn-review|archive-date=May 14, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ModernAgeCBR">{{cite web|first=Brian|last=Cronin|title=75 Greatest Joker Stories: #5-1|url=http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2015/08/01/75-greatest-joker-stories-5-1/2/|website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=August 1, 2015|access-date=August 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814213858/http://goodcomics.comicbookresources.com/2015/08/01/75-greatest-joker-stories-5-1/2/|archive-date=August 14, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="ModernAgeDOTF">{{cite news|first=Noelene|last=Clark| title ='Batman: Death of the Family': Snyder, Capullo's Joker is no joke| url =http://herocomplex.latimes.com/comics/batman-death-family-joker-snyder-capullo/#/0|work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date=October 10, 2012 |access-date=April 28, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106044029/http://herocomplex.latimes.com/comics/batman-death-family-joker-snyder-capullo/|archive-date=January 6, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Multiverse">{{cite web|first=Charlie Jane |last=Anders|title=The Multiverse Is Strictly Business, Says DC Comics Czar|url=http://io9.com/360573/the-multiverse-is-strictly-business-says-dc-comics-czar |work=[[io9]] |date=February 25, 2008 |access-date=February 25, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227030527/http://io9.com/360573/the-multiverse-is-strictly-business-says-dc-comics-czar | archive-date=February 27, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="NewsaramaEndgame">{{cite news|first=Vaneta |last=Rogers|title=Post-Convergence Batman Will Have New Status Quo 'No One Has Done in 75 Years of Batman'|url=http://www.newsarama.com/23362-post-convergence-batman-will-have-new-status-quo-no-one-has-done-in-75-years-of-batman.html|work=[[Newsarama]] |date=January 28, 2015|access-date=February 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203020638/http://www.newsarama.com/23362-post-convergence-batman-will-have-new-status-quo-no-one-has-done-in-75-years-of-batman.html|archive-date=February 3, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Nicknames">{{cite web|first=Matt|last=Hunt|url=http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/comic-books/joker.htm|title=How the Joker works|date=August 29, 2007|website=[[HowStuffWorks]] |access-date=April 22, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204192633/http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/comic-books/joker.htm |archive-date=December 4, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Origin1">{{cite web|first=Matt|last=Hunt|url=http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/comic-books/joker1.htm|title=How the Joker works (Page 2)|date=August 29, 2007|website=[[HowStuffWorks]] |access-date=February 25, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001051035/http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/comic-books/joker1.htm |archive-date=October 1, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Origin2">{{cite web|first=Chris |last=Quicksilver |title=Chemicals & Chaos: The Joker's (Many) Bizarre Origins |url=http://whatculture.com/comics/chemicals-chaos-jokers-many-bizarre-origins.php |website=WhatCulture |date=October 23, 2013 |access-date=December 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025044620/http://whatculture.com/comics/chemicals-chaos-jokers-many-bizarre-origins.php |archive-date=October 25, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Origin3">{{cite web |first=Seb|last=Patrick| url =http://www.denofgeek.us/books-comics/the-joker/231615/the-joker-the-nature-of-batmans-greatest-foe | title =The Joker: The Nature of Batman's Greatest Foe | website=[[Dennis Publishing|Den of Geek]] | date=December 13, 2013 | access-date =December 26, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131227223327/http://www.denofgeek.us/books-comics/the-joker/231615/the-joker-the-nature-of-batmans-greatest-foe | archive-date =December 27, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="OriginPushback">{{cite comic| writer = Devin Grayson, Scott Beatty, A.J. Lieberman| cowriters = | penciller = Dale Eaglesham, Paul Ryan, Roger Robinson, Al Barrionuevo| copencillers =| inker = John Floyd| coinkers = | story = | title = Batman: Gotham Knights| volume = 50–55| issue = 74| date = March 2000 – April 2006| publisher = [[DC Comics]]| location=New York City| Panel = }}</ref>

<ref name="OtherFlashpoint">{{cite web |first=Iann |last=Narcisse |title=Review: Batman: Knight of Vengeance #3 |url=http://www.craveonline.com/comics/reviews/172067-review-batman-knight-of-vengeance-3 |work=[[CraveOnline]] |date=August 3, 2011 |access-date=October 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022133553/http://www.craveonline.com/comics/reviews/172067-review-batman-knight-of-vengeance-3 |archive-date=October 22, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="OtherInjustice">{{cite web|first=Evan |last=Narcisse |title=In This Week's Injustice Comic, Superman Does the One Thing Batman Never Would |url=http://kotaku.com/5982927/in-this-weeks-injustice-comic-superman-does-the-one-thing-batman-never-would |website=[[Kotaku]] |date=August 2, 2013 |access-date=October 20, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140307113918/http://kotaku.com/5982927/in-this-weeks-injustice-comic-superman-does-the-one-thing-batman-never-would | archive-date=March 7, 2014| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="OtherSpeeding">{{cite web|first=Greggoru |last=Basore |title=The 5 Worst and 5 Best Elseworld Origin Stories with Superman |url=http://www.toplessrobot.com/2012/11/the_5_worst_elseworld_origin_stories_with_superman.php |work=Topless Robot |publisher=[[Village Voice Media]] |date=November 21, 2012 |access-date=November 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316023043/http://www.toplessrobot.com/2012/11/the_5_worst_elseworld_origin_stories_with_superman.php |archive-date=March 16, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="OriginZeroYear">{{cite web| first=Noel |last=Thorne | title =Batman: The Joker's 6 Essential Stories | url =http://whatculture.com/comics/batman-jokers-6-essential-stories.php/7 |website = WhatCulture | date =February 13, 2014 |access-date=February 16, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216223826/http://whatculture.com/comics/batman-jokers-6-essential-stories.php/7|archive-date=February 16, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Personality2">{{cite web|first=John |last=Parker |title=The Evolution of the Joker: Still Crazy After All These Years |url=http://comicsalliance.com/joker-history-batman/ |publisher=[[ComicsAlliance]] |date=November 7, 2011 |access-date=October 19, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020122546/http://comicsalliance.com/joker-history-batman/ |archive-date=October 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="PersonalityTKJ">{{cite web|first=Joseph |last=Hughes |title=So What Really Happened at the End Of 'The Killing Joke'? [Opinion] |url=http://comicsalliance.com/batman-killing-joke-ending-grant-morrison-alan-moore-brian-bolland-dc/ |publisher=[[ComicsAlliance]] |date=August 19, 2013 |access-date=October 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110080524/http://comicsalliance.com/batman-killing-joke-ending-grant-morrison-alan-moore-brian-bolland-dc/ |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="PostEndGameRama">{{cite news|first=Vaneta|last=Rogers |title=Two Years After DC's Rebirth, What's Been Answered? And What Mysteries & Questions Remain? |url=https://www.newsarama.com/39453-two-years-after-dc-s-rebirth-what-s-been-answered-and-what-mysteries-questions-remain.html |work=[[Newsarama]] |date=April 10, 2018 |access-date=March 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190329210020/https://www.newsarama.com/39453-two-years-after-dc-s-rebirth-what-s-been-answered-and-what-mysteries-questions-remain.html|archive-date=March 29, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="SalondeBarcelona">{{cite web | url=http://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2015/04/15/552e8996268e3ef5618b4571.html |first=Vanesaa|last=Graell| date=April 15, 2015 | title=La astrofísica del cómic |trans-title=The astrophysics of the comic book | work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] | access-date=August 3, 2015 | language=es | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714152356/http://www.elmundo.es/cataluna/2015/04/15/552e8996268e3ef5618b4571.html | archive-date=July 14, 2015 | url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="SidekickGaggy">{{cite web|first=Chris |last=Sims |title=Bizarro Back Issues: The Strange Saga Of The Joker'S Daughter (1976) |url=http://comicsalliance.com/bizarro-back-issues-batman-joker-daughter/ |publisher=[[ComicsAlliance]] |date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=February 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223100008/http://comicsalliance.com/bizarro-back-issues-batman-joker-daughter/ |archive-date=February 23, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="SidekickGaggy2">{{cite web|first=Chris |last=Sims |title=Ask Chris #173: The Trouble with the Joker's Girlfriend Harley Quinn |url=http://comicsalliance.com/harley-quinn-paul-dini-bruce-timm-dc-ask-chris/ |work=[[ComicsAlliance]] |date=December 6, 2013 |access-date=February 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223095904/http://comicsalliance.com/harley-quinn-paul-dini-bruce-timm-dc-ask-chris/ |archive-date=February 23, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

<ref name="SilverAge1">{{cite web|title=The Origins Of! The Joker|url=http://www.cracked.com/funny-5775-the-origins-of21-joker/ |work=[[Cracked (magazine)|Cracked]] |access-date=October 12, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131014180159/http://www.cracked.com/funny-5775-the-origins-of21-joker/ | archive-date =October 14, 2013| url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Society">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2021/02/jared-letos-joker-actually-says-we-live-in-a-society-in-zack-snyders-justice-league|url-access=limited|title=Jared Leto's Joker Actually Says "We Live In A Society" in Zack Snyder's Justice League|date=February 14, 2021|first=Jordan|last=Hoffman|magazine=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]|access-date=February 25, 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="SocietyDeletedScene">{{cite magazine|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/zack-snyder-shares-joker-deleted-scene-from-justice-league/|title=Zack Snyder Shares Joker Deleted Scene From Justice League|date=April 4, 2021|first=James|last=White|magazine=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]|access-date=April 6, 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="Teamup1">{{cite web|first=Brett|last=White|title=5 'Justice League' Stories Fit For Film|url=http://spinoff.comicbookresources.com/2014/05/03/5-justice-league-stories-fit-for-film/|website=[[Comic Book Resources]] |date=May 3, 2014 |access-date=May 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504223439/http://spinoff.comicbookresources.com/2014/05/03/5-justice-league-stories-fit-for-film/|archive-date=May 4, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Teamup2">{{cite web |title=Justice League of America Vol. 3: The Injustice League|url=http://www.dccomics.com/graphic-novels/justice-league-of-america-vol-3-the-injustice-league|work=DC Comics.com |date=March 9, 2012|publisher=[[DC Comics]] |access-date=May 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140504223645/http://www.dccomics.com/graphic-novels/justice-league-of-america-vol-3-the-injustice-league|archive-date=May 4, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="THR: GoldenLion">{{Cite web| first=Ariston| last=Anderson |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/venice-film-festival-awards-revealed-1237684 |title=Venice: Todd Phillips' 'Joker' Wins Golden Lion, Roman Polanski Wins Silver Lion |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=September 7, 2019 |access-date=September 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190907190057/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/venice-film-festival-awards-revealed-1237684 |archive-date=September 7, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="THR: Critics">{{cite web |last1=Beresford |first1=Trilby |title='Joker': What the Critics are Saying |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/joker-review-roundup-what-critics-are-saying-1235476 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=October 11, 2019 |date=August 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113135122/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/joker-review-roundup-what-critics-are-saying-1235476/ |archive-date=January 13, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="THRTBWL">{{cite web |last1=McMillan |first1=Graeme |title='Batman Who Laughs' Reveals Dark Knight's Worst Fears (Exclusive Preview) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/batman-who-laughs-read-an-preview-1165514/|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=September 14, 2024 |date=December 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204223010/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/batman-who-laughs-read-an-preview-1165514/ |archive-date=December 4, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="TKJ">{{cite comic| writer = [[Alan Moore|Moore, Alan]]| artist = Bolland, Brian| title =[[Batman: The Killing Joke|''The Killing Joke'']]|date =March 1988| publisher = [[DC Comics]]| pages=38–40 | Panel = | ID = 1401209270}}</ref>

<ref name="UnderworldUnleashed">{{cite web |first=Mark| last=Powell| title =40 Greatest Joker Moments −39 : Peer review| url=http://www.totalfilm.com/features/40-greatest-joker-moments/peer-review | work=[[Total Film]]| date =May 18, 2011 |access-date=February 17, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818003727/http://www.totalfilm.com/features/40-greatest-joker-moments/peer-review |archive-date=August 18, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="WaPo: Divisive">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2019/10/03/why-joker-became-one-most-divisive-movies-year/|title=Why 'Joker' became one of the most divisive movies of the year|last=Cavna|first=Michael|date=October 3, 2019|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|language=en|access-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="WeaponsVenom">{{cite web|first=Justin Jude |last=Carmona |url=http://www.comicsbulletin.com/columns/289/top-10-weapons-in-comics/ |title=Top 10 Weapons in Comics |website=[[Comics Bulletin]] |access-date=October 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014163841/http://www.comicsbulletin.com/columns/289/top-10-weapons-in-comics/ |archive-date=October 14, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<!--<ref name="BronzeAge1">{{cite book|last=McAvennie|first= Michael|last2=Dolan|first2=Hannah, ed.|chapter= 1970s|title = DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]] |location=London, England|year=2010 |isbn= 978-0-7566-6742-9 |page= 156 |quote = After decades as an irritating prankster, Batman's greatest enemy re-established himself as a homicidal harlequin in this issue&nbsp;... this classic tale by writer Denny O'Neil and artist Neal Adams introduced a dynamic that remains to this day: the Joker's dependence on Batman as his only worthy opponent.}}</ref>

<ref name="BronzeAge2">{{cite book|last = Greenberger|first = Robert|author-link = Robert Greenberger|last2 = Manning| first2 = Matthew K.|title = The Batman Vault: A Museum-in-a-Book with Rare Collectibles from the Batcave|publisher = [[Running Press]]|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|year = 2009|isbn = 0-7624-3663-8|page= 161 and 163 |quote = In 1973, O'Neil alongside frequent collaborator Neal Adams forged the landmark 'The Joker's Five-Way Revenge' in ''Batman'' #251, in which the Clown Prince of Crime returned to his murderous ways, killing his victims with his trademark Joker venom and taking much delight from their sufferings.}}</ref> -->
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