Editing Jane Austen (section)

===Adaptations===
{{main|Jane Austen in popular culture}}
Austen's novels have resulted in sequels, prequels and adaptations of almost every type, from [[Softcore pornography|soft-core pornography]] to fantasy. From the 19th century, her family members published conclusions to her incomplete novels, and by 2000 there were over 100 printed adaptations.<ref>Lynch (2005), 160–162.</ref> The first dramatic adaptation of Austen was published in 1895, Rosina Filippi's ''Duologues and Scenes from the Novels of Jane Austen: Arranged and Adapted for Drawing-Room Performance'', and Filippi was also responsible for the first professional stage adaptation, ''The Bennets'' (1901).<ref>Devoney Looser, The Making of Jane Austen (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017), 85.</ref> The first film adaptation was the [[Pride and Prejudice (1940 film)|1940 MGM production of ''Pride and Prejudice'']] starring [[Laurence Olivier]] and [[Greer Garson]].<ref>Brownstein (2001), 13.</ref> BBC television dramatisations released in the 1970s and 1980s attempted to adhere meticulously to Austen's plots, characterisations and settings.<ref>Troost (2007), 79.</ref> The British critic Robert Irvine noted that in American film adaptations of Austen's novels, starting with the 1940 version of ''Pride and Prejudice'', class is subtly downplayed, and the society of Regency England depicted by Austen that is grounded in a hierarchy based upon the ownership of land and the antiquity of the family name is one that Americans cannot embrace in its entirety.<ref>Irvine, Robert ''Jane Austen'', London: Routledge, 2005 pp. 158–159</ref>

From 1995, many Austen adaptations appeared, with [[Ang Lee]]'s [[Sense and Sensibility (film)|film of ''Sense and Sensibility'']], for which screenwriter and star [[Emma Thompson]] won an [[Academy Award]], and the BBC's immensely popular TV mini-series ''[[Pride and Prejudice (1995 TV series)|Pride and Prejudice]]'', starring [[Jennifer Ehle]] and [[Colin Firth]].<ref>Troost (2007), 82–84.</ref> A 2005 British production of [[Pride & Prejudice (2005 film)|''Pride & Prejudice'']], directed by [[Joe Wright]] and starring [[Keira Knightley]] and [[Matthew Macfadyen]],<ref>Carol Kopp, [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-nominees-keira-knightley-15-02-2006/ "The Nominees: Keira Knightley"], CBS News, 20 October 2008.</ref> was followed in 2007 by [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]]'s ''[[Mansfield Park (2007 film)|Mansfield Park]]'', ''[[Northanger Abbey (2007 film)|Northanger Abbey]]'' and ''[[Persuasion (2007 film)|Persuasion]]'',<ref>Julia Day, [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/nov/10/broadcasting.ITV "ITV falls in love with Jane Austen"], ''The Guardian'', 10 November 2005.</ref> and in 2016 by ''[[Love & Friendship]]'' starring [[Kate Beckinsale]] as Lady Susan, a film version of ''Lady Susan'', that borrowed the title of Austen's ''[[Love and {{Not a typo|Freindship}}]]'' {{sic}}.<ref>Alonso Duralde, Alonso, [http://www.thewrap.com/love-friendship-review-whit-stillman-kate-beckinsale-chloe-sevigny-jane-austen/ "'Love & Friendship' Sundance Review: Whit Stillman Does Jane Austen—But Hasn't He Always?"], ''The Wrap'', 25 January 2016.</ref>