Editing Jane Addams (section)

==Adult life and legacy==
{{See also|History of social work}}
[[File:Jane Addams 1940 Issue-10c.jpg|thumb|200px|Addams is honored in the [[Postage stamps and postal history of the United States#Famous Americans Series of 1940|'Famous Americans Series']], postal Issues of 1940]]
[[File:Jane Addams quote on the wall (American Adventure in the World Showcase, Epcot 2007).jpg|right|thumb|upright|A wall-mounted quote by Jane Addams in [[The American Adventure (Epcot)]] in the World Showcase pavilion of [[Walt Disney World]]'s [[Epcot]]]] [[File:Jane Addams profile.jpg|thumb|left|Addams in 1914]]Jane Addams is buried at Cedarville Cemetery, Cedarville, Illinois.<ref>Wilson, Scott. ''Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons'', 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 498–499). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.</ref>

Hull House and the Peace Movement are widely recognized as the key tangible pillars of Addams's legacy. While her life focused on the development of individuals, her ideas continue to influence social, political and economic reform in the [[United States]], as well as internationally. Addams and Starr's creation of the settlement house, Hull House, impacted the community, immigrant residents, and social work.

[[Willard Motley]], a resident artist of Hull House, extracting from Addams' central theory on symbolic interactionism, used the neighborhood and its people to write his 1948 best seller, ''[[Knock on Any Door]]''.<ref>Taylor Street Archives</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Anderson |first=David D. |url=https://ssml.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Midamerica_XIV_1987.pdf |title=MIDAMERICA XIV: The Yearbook of the Society for the Study of Midwestern Literature |year=1987 |publication-date=1987 |pages=62–64 |language=en}}</ref> His novel later became a well known court-room film in 1949. This book and film brought attention to how a resident lived an everyday life inside a settlement house and his relationship with Jane Addams.

Addams's role as reformer enabled her to petition the establishment at and alter the social and physical geography of her Chicago neighborhood. Although contemporary academic sociologists defined her engagement as "social work", Addams's efforts differed significantly from activities typically labeled as "social work" during that time period. Before Addams's powerful influence on the profession, social work was largely informed by a "friendly visitor" model in which typically wealthy women of high public stature visited impoverished individuals and, through systematic assessment and intervention, aimed to improve the lives of the poor. Addams rejected the friendly visitor model in favor of a model of social reform/social theory-building, thereby introducing the now-central tenets of social justice and reform to the field of social work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ssw.umich.edu/ongoing/fall2001/briefhistory.html|title=U-M-SSW: Ongoing Magazine|publisher=Ssw.umich.edu|access-date=April 27, 2010}}</ref>

Addams worked with other reform groups toward goals including the first [[juvenile court]] law, tenement-house regulation, an [[eight-hour working day]] for women, factory inspection, and workers' compensation. She advocated research aimed at determining the causes of poverty and crime, and she supported women's suffrage. She was a strong advocate of justice for immigrants, African Americans, and minority groups by becoming a chartered member of the [[Naacp|NAACP]]. Among the projects that the members of Hull House opened were the Immigrants' Protective League, the Juvenile Protective Association, the first juvenile court in the United States, and a juvenile psychopathic clinic.

Addams's influential writings and speeches, on behalf of the formation of the [[League of Nations]] and as a peace advocate, influenced the later shape of the [[United Nations]].

Jane Addams also sponsored the work of [[Neva Boyd]], who founded the Recreational Training School at Hull House, a one-year educational program in group games, gymnastics, dancing, dramatic arts, play theory, and social problems. At Hull House, Neva Boyd ran movement and recreational groups for children, using games and improvisation to teach language skills, problem-solving, self-confidence and social skills. During the [[Great Depression]], Boyd worked with the Recreational Project in the [[Works Progress Administration]], (WPA) as The Chicago Training School for Playground Workers, which subsequently became the foundation for the [[Recreational Therapy]] and Educational Drama movements in the U.S. One of her best known disciples, [[Viola Spolin]] taught in the Recreational Theater Program at Hull House during the WPA era. Spolin went on to be a pioneer in the [[improvisational theater]] movement in the US and the inventor of [[Theater Games]].

The main legacy left by Jane Addams includes her involvement in the creation of the Hull House, impacting communities and the whole social structure, reaching out to colleges and universities in hopes of bettering the educational system, and passing on her knowledge to others through speeches and books. She paved the way for women by publishing several books and co-winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 with Starr.

The Jane Addams Papers Project, originally housed at the University of Illinois at Chicago and Duke University, was relocated to Ramapo College in 2015. The project's digital edition actively engages students and the world with the work and correspondence of Jane Addams.<ref>Moran Hajo, Cathy, (2023) 'Making the Jane Addams Papers Accessible to New Audiences', in Patricia M. Shields, Maurice Hamington, and Joseph Soeters (eds), ''The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams'' Oxford Academic, {{doi|10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.14}}.  {{isbn|9780197544532}}</ref>

The [[Addams, Long Beach, California|Addams]] neighborhood and elementary school in [[Long Beach, California]] are named for her.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-27 |title=Addams Elementary School in Long Beach named after 19th century reformer Jane Addams |url=https://www.presstelegram.com/social-affairs/20140127/addams-elementary-school-in-long-beach-named-after-19th-century-reformer-jane-addams/ |access-date=2023-11-03 |website=Press Telegram |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Sociology===
[[File:Steps to Hull House.gif|thumb|Steps to Hull House. ''Source'' Addams: ''Twenty Years at Hull House'' (1910), p. 447]]

Jane Addams was intimately involved with the founding of sociology as a field in the United States.<ref>Gross, M. (2009). Collaborative Experiments: Jane Addams, Hull House and Experimental Social Work. ''Social Science Information'', 48 (1), 81–95.</ref><ref name="Deegan, M. J. 1988">Deegan, M. J. (1988). ''Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892–1918.'' New Brunswick, NJ, USA: Transaction Books.  {{isbn|0887388302}}</ref><ref>Shields, P. (2017) ''Jane Addams: Progressive Pioneer of Peace, Philosophy, Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration.'' Springer</ref><ref>Deegan, M. J. (2013). Jane Addams, the Hull-House School of Sociology, and Social Justice. ''Humanity & Society'', 37 (3), 248–258.</ref> Hull House enabled Addams to befriend and become a colleague to early members of the [[Chicago School of Sociology]]. She actively contributed to the sociology academic literature, publishing five articles in the ''[[American Journal of Sociology]]'' between 1896 and 1914.<ref>Addams, J. (1896). A Belated Industry. ''American Journal of Sociology'', 1 (5), 536–550.</ref><ref>Addams, J. (1899). Trade Unions and Public Duty. ''American Journal of Sociology'', 4 (4), 448–462.</ref><ref>Addams, J. (1905). Problems of Municipal Administration. ''American Journal of Sociology'', 10 (4), 425–444.</ref><ref>Addams, J. (1912). Recreation as a Public Function in Urban Communities. ''American Journal of Sociology'', 17 (5), 615–619.</ref><ref>Addams, J. (1914). A Modern Devil Baby. ''American Journal of Sociology'', 20 (1), 117–118.</ref> Her influence, through her work in applied sociology, impacted the thought and direction of the Chicago School of Sociology's members.<ref name="Deegan, M. J. 1988" /> In 1893, she co-authored the compilation of essays written by Hull House residents and workers titled, ''Hull-House Maps and Papers''. These ideas helped shape and define the interests and methodologies of the Chicago School. She worked with American philosopher [[George Herbert Mead]] and John Dewey<ref>Hamington, M. (2009). ''The Social Philosophy of Jane Addams''. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. {{ISBN|978-0-252-03476-3}}</ref> on social reform issues, including promoting women's rights, ending child labor, and mediating during the [[1910 Garment Workers' Strike]]. This strike in particular bent thoughts of protests because it dealt with women workers, ethnicity, and working conditions. All of these subjects were key items that Addams wanted to see in society.

[[File:Entrance to Hull House Courtyard.gif|thumb|left|Entrance to Hull House Courtyard. ''Source'' Addams: ''Twenty Years at Hull House'' (1910), p. 426]]

The University of Chicago Sociology department was established in 1892, three years after Hull House was established (1889). Members of Hull House welcomed the first group of professors, who soon were "intimately involved with Hull House" and assiduously engaged with applied social reform and philanthropy".<ref>Trevino, A. J. (2012). The Challenge of Service Sociology. ''Social Problems'', 59 (1), p. 3.</ref> In 1893, for example, faculty (Vincent, Small and Bennis) worked with Jane Addams and fellow Hull House resident Florence Kelley to pass legislation "banning sweat shops and employment of children" <ref>Deegan, M. J. (1988). ''Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892–1918''. New Brunswick, NJ, USA: Transaction Books. p. 73.  {{isbn|0887388302}}</ref> [[Albion Small]], chair of the Chicago Department of Sociology and founder of the ''American Journal of Sociology'', called for a sociology that was active "in the work of perfecting and applying plans and devices for social improvement and amelioration", which took place in the "vast sociological laboratory" that was 19th-century Chicago.<ref>Small, A. (1896). Scholarship and Social Agitation. ''American Journal of Sociology'', 1 (5), 581.</ref> Although untenured, women residents of Hull House taught classes in the Chicago Sociology Department. During and after World War I, the focus of the Chicago Sociology Department shifted away from social activism toward a more scholarly orientation. Social activism was also associated with Communism and a "weaker" woman's work orientation. In response to this change, women sociologists in the department "were moved inmasse out of sociology and into social work" in 1920.<ref>Deegan, Jane Addams and the Men of Chicago School p. 309.</ref> The contributions of Jane Addams and other Hull House residents were buried in history.<ref>Shields, P (2017). Jane Addams: Progressive Pioneer of Peace, Philosophy, Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration. Springer.</ref>

Mary Jo Deegan, in her 1988 book ''Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892–1918'' was the first person to recover Addams' influence on sociology.<ref>Deegan, M. J. (1988). ''Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892–1918''. New Brunswick, NJ, USA: Transaction Books. {{isbn|0887388302}}.  Other influential sociologists credited with recovering Addams influence include Grant, L., Stalp, M., & Ward, K. (2002). Women's Sociological Research and Writing in the AJS in the Pre-World WarII Era. ''The American Sociologist'', 69–91. Davis, J. (1994). What's Wrong with Sociology? ''Sociological Forum'', 9 (2), 179–197.</ref> Deegan's work has led to recognition of Addams's place in sociology. In a 2001 address, for example, Joe Feagin, then president of the American Sociology Association, identified Addams as a "key founder" and he called for sociology to again claim its activist roots and commitment to social justice.<ref>Feagin, J. (2001). Social Justice and Sociology: Agendas for the Twenty-First Century. ''American Sociological Review'', 66, p. 7</ref>

{{anchor|Jane Addams#Remembrances}} <!-- re-direct from [[Jane Addams Day]] -->

===Remembrances===
[[File:UIC Hull House.JPG|thumb|Jane Addams Hull-House Museum in 2006.  The museum is located in and preserves the first building from which the Addams settlement took its name, ''Hull House,'' and a related community structure.  Additional settlement facilities, which over-time grew up around the house, were removed in the 1960s for development of the campus of the [[University of Illinois  Chicago]].|alt=]]
On December 10, 2007, Illinois celebrated the first annual Jane Addams Day.<ref>[https://aauw-il.aauw.net/about/jane/ "Jane Addams".]  AAUW of Illinois.  Retrieved June 21, 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.womenandchildrenfirst.com/event/first-annual-jane-addams-day-sponsored-aauw-il-0 "First Annual Jane Addams Day sponsored by AAUW-IL."]  ''WomenandChildrenFirst.com''.  Women & Children First, Inc.  Retrieved June 21, 2018.</ref> Jane Addams Day was initiated by a dedicated school teacher from Dongola, Illinois, assisted by the Illinois Division of the [[American Association of University Women]] (AAUW).<ref>[https://www.prweb.com/releases/2006/12/prweb489011.htm "AAUW-Illinois Applauds New State Day Honoring Jane Addams: Carbondale Branch Members Instrumental in Lobbying State Legislature"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317000146/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2006/12/prweb489011.htm |date=March 17, 2016 }}  (December 10, 2006).  ''PRWeb.com''.  Retrieved June 21, 2018.</ref> Chicago activist [[Jan Lisa Huttner]] traveled throughout Illinois as Director of International Relations for AAUW-Illinois to help publicize the date, and later gave annual presentations about Jane Addams Day in costume as Jane Addams. In 2010, Huttner appeared as Jane Addams at a 150th Birthday Party sponsored by [[Rockford University]] (Jane Addams' alma mater), and in 2011, she appeared as Jane Addams at an event sponsored by the [[Chicago Park District]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.films42.com/feature/JAD09.asp|title=Celebrate Jane Addams Day!|access-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref>

There is a Jane Addams Memorial Park located near [[Navy Pier]] in Chicago. A six-piece sculptural grouping honoring Addams by Louise Bourgeois called "Helping Hands" was originally installed in 1993 at Addams Memorial Park. However, they were "relocated to Chicago Women's Park and Gardens" in 2011 after being vandalized.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/parks/Jane-Addams-Memorial-Park/|title=Jane Addams Memorial Park|access-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref> The Jane Addams memorial sculpture was Chicago's first major artwork to honor an important woman.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jane Addams |website=statuesforequality.com |url=https://statuesforequality.com/pages/jane-addams |access-date=March 30, 2021 }}</ref> In 2007, the state of Illinois renamed the Northwest Tollway as the [[Jane Addams Memorial Tollway]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jane Addams Memorial Tollway (I-90)|work=Illinois Department of Transportation Website|publisher=State of Illinois|year=2009|url=http://www.illinoistollway.com/portal/page?_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&_pageid=133,1395269|access-date=March 29, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716215725/http://www.illinoistollway.com/portal/page?_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&_pageid=133%2C1395269|archive-date=July 16, 2007}}</ref> Hull House buildings were mostly demolished for the establishment of the campus of the [[University of Illinois at Chicago]] in 1963, or relocated. The Hull residence itself and a related building are preserved as a museum and monument to Jane Addams.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/|title=Jane Addams Hull-House Museum|publisher=Uic.edu|access-date=April 27, 2010}}</ref>

The [[Jane Addams College of Social Work]] is a professional school at the University of Illinois at Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://socialwork.uic.edu/|title=Jane Addams College of Social Work &#124; University of Illinois Chicago}}</ref> [[Jane Addams Business Careers Center]] is a high school in [[Cleveland, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cmsdnet.net/Schools/SchoolList/School%20Detail/JaneAddamsBusinessCareerCenter.aspx|title=Jane Addams Business Career Center|publisher=Cmsdnet.net|access-date=April 27, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419064405/http://www.cmsdnet.net/Schools/SchoolList/School%20Detail/JaneAddamsBusinessCareerCenter.aspx|archive-date=April 19, 2010}}</ref> Jane Addams High School For Academic Careers is a high school in [[The Bronx, NY]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/08/X650/default.htm|title=High School For Academic Careers |publisher=schools.nyc.gov|access-date=September 17, 2011}}</ref> Jane Addams House is a residence hall built in 1936 at [[Connecticut College]].

In 1973, Jane Addams was inducted into the [[National Women's Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/jane-addams/|title=Addams, Jane|website=National Women’s Hall of Fame}}</ref> In 2008 Jane Addams was inducted into the [[Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.glhalloffame.org/index.pl?page=inductees&todo=year|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017032241/http://www.glhalloffame.org/index.pl?page=inductees&todo=year|url-status=dead|title=Chicago Gay and Lesbian Hall of Fame<!-- Bot generated title -->|archivedate=October 17, 2015}}</ref> Addams was inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://chicagoliteraryhof.org/inductees/profile/jane-addams |title=Jane Addams |date=2012 |website=Chicago Literary Hall of Fame |language=en |access-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref> Also, in 2012 she was inducted into the [[Legacy Walk]], an outdoor public display which celebrates [[LGBTQ]] history and people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legacyprojectchicago.org/2012_INDUCTEES.html|title=2012 INDUCTEES|author=Victor Salvo // The Legacy Project|access-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref> In 2014, Jane Addams was one of the first 20 honorees awarded a 3-foot x 3-foot bronze plaque on San Francisco's Rainbow Honor Walk (www.rainbowhonorwalk.org) paying tribute to LGBT heroes and heroines.<ref name=":022">{{Cite web|url=https://quirkytravelguy.com/lgbt-walk-fame-rainbow-honor-san-francisco/|title=The Rainbow Honor Walk: San Francisco's LGBT Walk of Fame|last=Shelter|first=Scott|date=March 14, 2016|website=Quirky Travel Guy|language=en-US|access-date=July 28, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sfist.com/2014/09/02/castros_rainbow_honor_walk_dedicate/|title=Castro's Rainbow Honor Walk Dedicated Today: SFist|date=September 2, 2014|website=SFist – San Francisco News, Restaurants, Events, & Sports|access-date=August 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810075052/https://sfist.com/2014/09/02/castros_rainbow_honor_walk_dedicate/|archive-date=August 10, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gaysonoma.com/2016/07/second-lgbt-honorees-selected-for-san-franciscos-rainbow-honor-walk/|title=Second LGBT Honorees Selected for San Francisco's Rainbow Honor Walk|last=Carnivele|first=Gary|date=July 2, 2016|website=We The People|access-date=August 12, 2019}}</ref> In 2015, Addams was named by [[Equality Forum]] as one of their 31 Icons of the 2015 [[LGBT History Month]].<ref>{{cite web|author= Malcolm Lazin |url=http://www.advocate.com/commentary/2015/08/20/op-ed-here-are-31-icons-2015s-gay-history-month |title=Op-ed: Here Are the 31 Icons of 2015's Gay History Month |publisher=Advocate.com |date=August 20, 2015 |access-date=August 21, 2015}}</ref>