Editing James Joyce (section)

====Publication of ''Ulysses''====
Joyce finished writing ''Ulysses'' near the end of 1921, but had difficulties getting it published. With financial backing from the lawyer [[John Quinn (collector)|John Quinn]],{{sfn|Rainey|1996|p=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25473767?seq=5 535]}}{{efn|Quinn was an early supporter of Joyce's work in the United States. (cf., {{harvnb|Quinn|1917}}) }} Margaret Anderson and her co-editor [[Jane Heap]] had begun serially publishing it in ''The Little Review'' in March 1918{{sfn|Beja|1992|p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycelitera0000beja/page/72/ 72]}} but in January and May 1919, two instalments were suppressed as obscene and potentially subversive.{{sfnm|Vanderham|1997|1pp= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycecensor0000vand/page/6 6],[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycecensor0000vand/page/29 29]|Weir|2000|2pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25477749?seq=1 389], [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25477749?seq=3 391–392] }} In September 1920, an unsolicited instalment of the "Nausicaa" episode was sent to the daughter of a New York attorney associated with the [[New York Society for the Suppression of Vice]], leading to an official complaint.{{sfn|Rainey|1996|p=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25473767?seq=5 535]}} The [[Obscenity trial of Ulysses in The Little Review|trial proceedings]] continued until February 1921, when Anderson and Healy, defended by Quinn, were fined $50 each for publishing obscenity{{sfn|Anderson|1921}} and ordered to cease publishing ''Ulysses''.{{sfn|Ellmann|1982|pp=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/502 502–503]}} Huebsch, who had expressed interest in publishing the novel in the United States, decided against it after the trial.{{sfnm|Bowker|2012|1p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/286 286]|Ellmann|1982|2p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/504 504]}}
Weaver was unable to find an English printer,{{sfnm|Beja|1992|1p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycelitera0000beja/page/83 83]|Bowker|2012|2p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/286 286]}} and the novel was [[Book censorship|banned]] for obscenity in the United Kingdom in 1922, where it was blacklisted until 1936.{{sfn|Medina Casado|2000|p= [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25477754 479]}}

[[File:Order form for ulysses.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Page saying 'ULYSSES by JAMES JOYCE will be published in the Autumn of 1921 by "SHAKESPEARE AND COMPANY" – SYLVIA BEACH – 8, RUE DUPUYTREN, PARIS – VIe' with drawing of Shakespeare holding a book|Announcement of the initial publication of [[Ulysses (novel)|''Ulysses'']]]]
Almost immediately after Anderson and Healy were ordered to stop printing ''Ulysses'', Beach agreed to publish it through her bookshop.{{sfnm|Beach|1959|1p=[https://archive.org/details/shakespearecompa00beac/page/47 47]|Beja|1992|2p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycelitera0000beja/page/85 85]|Bowker|2012|3p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/287 288] |Ellmann|1982|4p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/504 504]}} She had books mailed to people in Paris and the United States who had subscribed to get a copy; Weaver sent books from Beach's plates to subscribers in England.{{sfnm|Bowker|2012|1pp=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/289 289–290]|Ellmann|1982|2pp= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/504 504–506]}} Soon, the postal officials of both countries began confiscating the books.{{sfnm|Bowker|2012|1p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/315 315]|Ellmann|1982|2p= [https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyce0000ellm_n2o5/page/506 506]}} They were then smuggled into both countries.{{sfn|Beja|1992|p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycelitera0000beja/page/86 86]}}{{efn|[[Ernest Hemingway]] became involved in smuggling copies of ''Ulysses'' into the United States from Canada.{{sfnm|Beja|1992|1p=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycelitera0000beja/page/85 85]|Bowker|2012|2pp=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycenewbio0000bowk/page/312 312–313]}} }} Because the work had no copyright in the United States at this time, "bootleg" versions appeared, including pirate versions from publisher [[Samuel Roth]], who only ceased his actions in 1928 when a court [[enjoined]] publication.{{sfn|Beja|1992|pp=[https://archive.org/details/jamesjoycelitera0000beja/page/93 93–94]}} ''Ulysses'' was not legally published in the United States until 1934 after Judge [[John M. Woolsey]] ruled in ''[[United States v. One Book Called Ulysses]]'' that the book was not obscene.{{sfn|Medina Casado|2000|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3831652?seq=4 93–94]}}