Editing Irish diaspora (section)

==Australia==
[[File:Australian Census 2011 demographic map - Australia by SLA - BCP field 1120 Irish Total Responses.svg|thumb|People with Irish ancestry as a percentage of the population in Australia divided geographically by statistical local area, as of the 2011 census]]
{{Main|Irish Australian}}

2,087,800 Australians, 10.4% of the population, self-reported some Irish ancestry in the 2011 census, second only to English and Australian.<ref name="ABS Ancestry">{{cite web |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main+features902012-2013 |title=ABS Ancestry |year=2012 |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923063342/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2071.0main%20features902012-2013 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Australian government estimates the total figure may be around 7 million (30%).<ref name=FA>{{cite web|url=http://www.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=32623dfa.ie|title=Minister for Foreign Affairs, Dermot Ahern T.D., announces Grants to Irish Community Organisations in the Southern Hemisphere|publisher=[[Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Ireland)|DFA]]|date=26 September 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728145239/http://www.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=32623|archive-date=28 July 2013}}</ref>

In the 2006 census 50,255 Australian residents declared they were born in the [[Republic of Ireland]] and a further 21,291 declared to have been born in [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The People of Australia – Statistics from the 2006 Census |url=https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/01_2014/poa-2008.pdf |website=www.dss.gov.au |publisher=Department of Immigration and Citizenship |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-date=19 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419021736/https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/01_2014/poa-2008.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> This gives Australia the third largest Irish-born population outside Ireland (after Britain and America).<ref name=FA/>

Between the 1790s and 1920s, approximately 400,000 Irish settlers – both voluntary and forced – are thought to have arrived in Australia.<ref name="HallMalcolm2018Two"/> They first came over in large numbers as [[Convicts in Australia|convicts]], with around 50,000 transported between 1791 and 1867.<ref name="HallMalcolm2018">{{cite book|author1=Dianne Hall|author2=Elizabeth Malcolm|title=A New History of the Irish in Australia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6rByDwAAQBAJ&q=48+000|year=2018|publisher=NewSouth|isbn=978-1-74224-439-6}}</ref><ref name="GrimesTuathaigh1989">{{cite book|author1=Seamus Grimes|author2=Gearóid Ó Tuathaigh|title=The Irish-Australian connection|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DoYhAAAAMAAJ|year=1989|publisher=University College|isbn=978-0-9514844-0-1|page=43}}</ref> Even larger numbers of [[free settlers]] came during the 19th century due to famine, the [[Donegal Relief Fund]], the [[Australian gold rushes|discovery of gold]] in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] and [[New South Wales]], and the increasing "pull" of a pre-existing Irish community.<ref name="Campbell2008">{{cite book|author=Malcolm Campbell|title=Ireland's New Worlds: Immigrants, Politics, and Society in the United States and Australia, 1815–1922|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OhjN9ZOPJuIC&pg=PA61|year=2008|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|isbn=978-0-299-22333-5|pages=61, 89, 134}}</ref> By 1871, Irish immigrants accounted for one quarter of Australia's overseas-born population.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Ireland-born Community |url=https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/settlement-services/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/programs-and-publications/community-information-summaries/the-ireland-born-community |website=www.dss.gov.au |publisher=Department of Social Services, Australian Government |access-date=10 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210202714/https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/settlement-services/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/programs-and-publications/community-information-summaries/the-ireland-born-community |archive-date=10 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Irish Catholic immigrants – who made up about 75% of the total Irish population<ref name="HallMalcolm2018Two">{{cite book|author1=Dianne Hall|author2=Elizabeth Malcolm|title=A New History of the Irish in Australia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6rByDwAAQBAJ&q=12+per+cent|date=2018|publisher=NewSouth|isbn=978-1-74224-439-6}}</ref> – were largely responsible for the establishment of a separate [[Catholic education in Australia|Catholic school system]].<ref name="Mangan2012">{{cite book|author=J. A. Mangan|title=The Imperial Curriculum: Racial Images and Education in the British Colonial Experience|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVAKuo89yvYC&pg=PA79|year=2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-63877-0|page=79}}</ref><ref name="Sullivan2016">{{cite book|author=John Sullivan|title=Education in a Catholic Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0aMWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA16|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-14584-4|page=16}}</ref> About 20% of Australian children attend Catholic schools as of 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Main Features – Key Findings |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/4221.0 |website=www.abs.gov.au |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=10 December 2018 |date=2 February 2018 |archive-date=30 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130225506/http://http/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

It has also been argued that the Irish language was the source of a significant number of words in [[Australian English]].<ref>Lonergan, Dymphna, ''Sounds Irish: The Irish Language in Australia'', Lythrum Press, 2004; {{ISBN|1 921013 00 1}}</ref><ref name="Mianowski2011">{{cite book|author=M. Mianowski|title=Irish Contemporary Landscapes in Literature and the Arts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N2OJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA61|date=6 December 2011|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-0-230-36029-7|page=61}}</ref>