Editing Infant formula (section)

===Early infant foods===
In 1865, the first infant food was invented {{where|date=December 2023}} .<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stevens EE, Patrick TE, Pickler R | title = A history of infant feeding | journal = The Journal of Perinatal Education | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 32–39 | year = 2009 | pmid = 20190854 | pmc = 2684040 | doi = 10.1624/105812409X426314 }}</ref>
Throughout history, mothers who could not breastfeed their babies either employed a [[wet nurse]]<ref name="Schuman">{{cite web | author = Schuman A | title = A concise history of infant formula (twists and turns included) | publisher = Contemporary Pediatric | date = February 1, 2003 | url = http://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/contpeds/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=111702 | access-date = September 16, 2006 | journal =  | archive-date = August 23, 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060823074531/http://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/contpeds/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=111702 | url-status = dead }}</ref> or, less frequently, prepared food for their babies, a process known as "dry nursing".<ref name = "Schuman"/><ref name="food-timeline">{{cite web |work=[[The Food Timeline]] | vauthors= Olver L |author-link=Lynne Olver |title=Food Timeline – history notes: baby food |year=2004 |url=http://www.foodtimeline.org/foodbaby.html |access-date=September 16, 2006}}</ref> Baby food composition varied according to region and economic status.<ref name="food-timeline"/> In Europe and North America during the early 19th century, the prevalence of wet nursing began to decrease, while the practice of feeding babies mixtures based on animal milk rose in popularity.<ref name="Spaulding">{{cite book | vauthors = Spaulding M, Welch P | title = Nurturing Yesterday's Child: A Portrayal of the Drake Collection of Paediatric History | publisher = B C Decker Inc | year = 1994 | isbn=978-0-920474-91-4 }}</ref><ref name="Hale">{{cite book | vauthors = Hale SJ | author-link = Sarah Josepha Hale | title = The Ladies' New Book of Cookery: A Practical System for Private Families in Town and Country | publisher = H. Long & Brother | year = 1852 | location = New York | pages = 437 | url = https://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_19.cfm }}</ref> <!-- FAIR USE of Nestle-milk-poster.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nestle-milk-poster.jpg for rationale --> [[File:Nestle-milk-poster.jpg|left|200px|thumb|Poster advertisement for Nestle's Milk by Théophile Alexandre Steinlen, 1895]] This trend was driven by cultural changes as well as increased sanitation measures,<ref name="IOM FNB">{{cite book | vauthors=((Institute of Medicine)), ((Food and Nutrition Board)), ((Committee on the Evaluation of the Addition of Ingredients New to Infant Formula)) | title=Infant Formula: Evaluating the Safety of New Ingredients | publisher=National Academies Press | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-309-18550-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aBLX_59za9sC | access-date=2022-05-16}}</ref> and it continued throughout the 19th and much of the 20th century, with a notable increase after [[Elijah Pratt]] invented and patented the [[Baby bottle#History|India-rubber nipple]] in 1845.<ref name = "Schuman"/><ref name="bottle museum">{{cite web|title=The history of the feeding bottle |url=http://www.babybottle-museum.co.uk/teats%20through%20the%20ages.htm |access-date=September 16, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830112545/http://www.babybottle-museum.co.uk/teats%20through%20the%20ages.htm |archive-date=August 30, 2006 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> As early as 1846, scientists and nutritionists noted an increase in medical problems and infant mortality was associated with dry nursing.<ref name="Spaulding"/><ref name="simon">{{cite book | vauthors = Simon JF | title = Animal chemistry: with reference to the physiology and pathology of man | publisher = Lea and Blanchard | year = 1846 | oclc = 5884760 }}</ref> In an attempt to improve the quality of manufactured baby foods, in 1867, [[Justus von Liebig]] developed the world's first commercial infant formula, ''Liebig's Soluble Food for Babies''.<ref name="Levenstein">{{cite book | vauthors = Levenstein H | title = Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet | url = https://archive.org/details/revolutionattabl00leve | url-access = registration | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1988 | location = New York | page=[https://archive.org/details/revolutionattabl00leve/page/122 122] | isbn=978-0-520-23439-0 }}</ref> The success of this product quickly gave rise to competitors such as [[Mellin's Food]], Ridge's Food for Infants and [[Nestlé]]'s Milk.<ref name="levenstein2">{{cite journal | vauthors = Levenstein H | title = "Best for babies" or "preventable infanticide"? The controversy over artificial feeding of infants in America, 1880-1920 | journal = Journal of American History | volume = 70 | issue = 1 | pages = 75–94 | date = June 1983 | pmid = 11617247 | doi = 10.2307/1890522 | jstor = 1890522 }}</ref>{{clear left}}