Editing Individualist anarchism (section)

==== Spain ====
While Spain was influenced by American individualist anarchism, it was more closely related to the French currents. Around the start of the 20th century, individualism in Spain gathered force through the efforts of people such as Dorado Montero, [[Ricardo Mella]], [[Federico Urales]], [[Miguel Giménez Igualada]], Mariano Gallardo and J. Elizalde who translated French and American individualists.{{sfn|Díez|2006}} Important in this respect were also magazines such as ''La Idea Libre'', ''[[La Revista Blanca]]'', ''Etica'', ''[[Iniciales]]'', ''Al margen'', ''Estudios'' and ''Nosotros''. The most influential thinkers there were [[Max Stirner]], [[Émile Armand]] and [[Han Ryner]]. Just as in France, the spread of [[Esperanto]] and [[anationalism]] had importance just as [[naturism]] and [[free love]] currents.{{sfn|Díez|2006}} Later, Armand and Ryner themselves started writing in the Spanish individualist press. Armand's concept of amorous camaraderie had an important role in motivating [[polyamory]] as realization of the individual.{{sfn|Díez|2006}}

[[Catalonia|Catalan]] historian Xavier Diez reports that the Spanish individualist anarchist press was widely read by members of [[anarcho-communist]] groups and by members of the [[anarcho-syndicalist]] trade union [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo|CNT]]. There were also the cases of prominent individualist anarchists such as [[Federico Urales]] and [[Miguel Giménez Igualada]] who were members of the CNT and J. Elizalde who was a founding member and first secretary of the [[Federación Anarquista Ibérica|Iberian Anarchist Federation]] (IAF).{{sfn|Díez|2007}}

Between October 1937 and February 1938, Spanish individualist anarchist [[Miguel Giménez Igualada]] was editor of the individualist anarchist magazine ''Nosotros''{{sfn|Díez|2006}} in which many works of Armand and Ryner appeared. He also participated in the publishing of another individualist anarchist maganize ''Al Margen: Publicación quincenal individualista''.<ref name="spain2">{{harvnb|Díez|2006|p=47}}: "Entre los redactores y colaboradores de Al Margen, que trasladará su redacción a Elda, en Alicante, encontraremos a Miguel Giménez Igualada&nbsp;..."</ref> In his youth, he engaged in illegalist activities.{{sfn|Díez|2007}} His thought was deeply influenced by Max Stirner, of which he was the main popularizer in Spain through his own writings. He published and wrote the preface{{sfn|Díez|2006}} to the fourth edition in Spanish of ''[[The Ego and Its Own]]'' from 1900. He proposed the creation of a "[[Union of egoists]]" to be a federation of individualist anarchists in Spain, but it did not succeed.<ref name="spain3">{{harvnb|Díez|2006|p=48}}: "A partir de la década de los treinta, su pensamiento empieza a derivar hacia el individualismo, y como profundo estirneriano tratará de impulsar una federación de individualistas"</ref>

[[Federico Urales]] was an important individualist anarchist who edited ''[[La Revista Blanca]]''. The individualist anarchism of Urales was influenced by [[Auguste Comte]] and [[Charles Darwin]]. He saw science and reason as a defense against blind servitude to authority. He was critical of influential individualist thinkers such as Nietzsche and Stirner for promoting an [[Asociality|asocial]] egoist individualism and instead promoted an individualism with [[solidarity]] seen as a way to guarantee social equality and harmony. He was highly critical of [[anarcho-syndicalism]], which he viewed as plagued by excessive [[bureaucracy]]; and he thought that it tended towards [[reformism]]. Instead, he favored small groups based on ideological alignment. He supported and participated in the establishment of the IAF in 1927.{{sfn|Díez|2007}}

In 2000, Ateneo Libertario Ricardo Mella, Ateneo Libertario Al Margen, Ateneu Enciclopèdic Popular, Ateneo Libertario de Sant Boi and Ateneu Llibertari Poble Sec y Fundació D'Estudis Llibertaris i Anarcosindicalistes republished Émile Armand's writings on free love and individualist anarchism in a compilation titled ''Individualist anarchism and Amorous camaraderie''.<ref>[http://sindominio.net/etcetera/PUBLICACIONES/con_otros/Armand.doc "Individualismo anarquista y camaradería amorosa"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719041733/http://www.sindominio.net/etcetera/PUBLICACIONES/con_otros/Armand.doc |date=2009-07-19 }} by [[Émile Armand]]</ref>