Editing History of science (section)

==== Logic ====
The development of Indian logic dates back to the Chandahsutra of Pingala and ''[[anviksiki]]'' of Medhatithi Gautama (c. 6th century BCE); the [[Vyākaraṇa|Sanskrit grammar]] rules of [[Pāṇini]] (c. 5th century BCE); the [[Vaisheshika]] school's analysis of [[atomism]] (c. 6th century BCE to 2nd century BCE); the analysis of [[inference]] by [[Nyāya Sūtras|Gotama]] (c. 6th century BCE to 2nd century CE), founder of the [[Nyaya]] school of [[Hindu philosophy]]; and the [[tetralemma]] of [[Nagarjuna]] (c. 2nd century CE).

[[Indian philosophy|Indian]] logic stands as one of the three original traditions of [[logic]], alongside the [[Organon|Greek]] and the [[Chinese logic]]. The Indian tradition continued to develop through early to modern times, in the form of the [[Navya-Nyāya]] school of logic.

In the 2nd century, the [[Buddhist philosophy|Buddhist]] philosopher [[Nagarjuna]] refined the ''Catuskoti'' form of logic. The Catuskoti is also often glossed ''[[Tetralemma]]'' (Greek)  which is the name for a largely comparable, but not equatable, 'four corner argument' within the tradition of [[Classical logic]].

Navya-Nyāya developed a sophisticated language and conceptual scheme that allowed it to raise, analyse, and solve problems in logic and epistemology. It systematised all the Nyāya concepts into four main categories: sense or perception (pratyakşa), inference (anumāna), comparison or similarity ([[upamāna]]), and testimony (sound or word; śabda).