Editing History of Korea (section)

===Balhae===
{{Main|Balhae}}

[[File:History of Korea-Inter-country Age-830 CE.gif|thumb|left|[[Balhae]] in the north, [[Unified Silla]] in the south.]]
[[File:Pressapochista4.jpg|upright=0.8|thumb|Balhae stele at the [[National Museum of Korea]]]]
[[Balhae]] was founded only thirty years after Goguryeo had fallen, in 698. It was founded in the northern part of former lands of Goguryeo by [[Go of Balhae|Dae Jo-yeong]], a former Goguryeo general<ref>''Old records of Silla'' 新羅古記({{ill|Silla kogi|ko|신라고기}}): ... 高麗舊將祚榮</ref><ref>''Rhymed Chronicles of Sovereigns'' 帝王韻紀([[Jewang ungi]]): ... 前麗舊將大祚榮</ref> or chief of Sumo Mohe.<ref>''Solitary Cloud'' 孤雲集(Gounjib): ... 渤海之源流也句驪未滅之時本爲疣贅部落靺羯之屬寔繁有徒是名栗末小蕃甞逐句驪, 內徙其首領乞四羽及大祚榮等至武后臨朝之際自營州作孼而逃輒據荒丘始稱振國時有句驪遺燼勿吉雜流梟音則嘯聚白山鴟義則喧張黑姶與契丹濟惡旋於突厥通謀萬里耨苗累拒渡遼之轍十年食葚晚陳降漢之旗.</ref><ref>''Solitary Cloud'' 孤雲集(Gounjip): ... 其酋長大祚榮, 始受臣藩第五品大阿餐之秩</ref><ref>''Comprehensive Institutions'' 通典([[Tongdian]]): ... 渤海夲栗末靺鞨至其酋祚榮立國自號震旦, 先天中 玄宗王子始去靺鞨號專稱渤海</ref> Balhae controlled the northern areas of the [[Korea|Korean Peninsula]], much of Manchuria (though it didn't occupy [[Liaodong Peninsula]] for much of history), and expanded into present-day [[Primorsky Krai|Russian Primorsky Krai]]. It also adopted the culture of [[Tang dynasty]], such as the government structure and geopolitical system.{{sfn|Lee|Park|Yoon|2005|pp=244–248}}

In a time of relative peace and stability in the region, Balhae flourished, especially during the reigns of [[Mun of Balhae|King Mun]] and [[Seon of Balhae|King Seon]]. Balhae was called the "Prosperous Country in the East".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Injae |first1=Lee |last2=Miller |first2=Owen |last3=Jinhoon |first3=Park |last4=Hyun-Hae |first4=Yi |title=Korean History in Maps |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2014-12-15 |isbn=978-1-107-09846-6 |pages=64–65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=46OTBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |access-date=24 February 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225054603/https://books.google.com/books?id=46OTBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 |archive-date=25 February 2017}}</ref> However, Balhae was severely weakened and eventually conquered by the [[Khitan people|Khitan]]-led [[Liao dynasty]] in 926.{{sfn|Lee|Park|Yoon|2005|pp=244–248}} Large numbers of refugees, including [[Dae Gwang-hyeon]], the last crown prince of Balhae, were welcomed by Goryeo.<ref name="Goryeosa" /><ref name="Worden">{{cite book|title=North Korea: A Country Study|date=2011-04-21|publisher=Government Printing Office |isbn=978-0-16-088278-4|page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ybmFuqReAqUC&pg=PA12|access-date=13 March 2017|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314071321/https://books.google.com/books?id=ybmFuqReAqUC&pg=PA12 |archive-date=14 March 2017}}</ref> [[Dae Gwang-hyeon]] was included in the imperial family of [[Taejo of Goryeo|Wang Kŏn]], bringing a national unification between the two successor nations of Goguryeo.<ref name="Balhae" />

No historical records from Balhae have survived, and the Liao left no histories of Balhae. [[Goryeo]] absorbed some Balhae territory, welcomed between 100,000 and 200,000 Balhae refugees including its Crown Prince [[Dae Gwang-hyeon]], and maintained hostile relations with the Liao for destroying Balhae.<ref>{{cite book|last1=이상각|script-title=ko:고려사 - 열정과 자존의 오백년|date=2014|publisher=들녘|isbn=9791159250248|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LonnCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT25|access-date=23 March 2018|language=ko}}</ref><ref name="2 건국―호족들과의 제휴">{{cite web|title=(2) 건국―호족들과의 제휴|url=http://contents.history.go.kr/front/nh/view.do?levelId=nh_011_0040_0030_0020_0020|website=우리역사넷|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean History]]|access-date=23 March 2018|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Sang-Do |script-title=ko:[평화칼럼] 발해 유민(遺民)과 꼬마 난민(難民) '쿠르디' |url=http://m.cpbc.co.kr/paper/view.php?cid=598022&path=201510 |website=Catholic Peace Newspaper |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=김 |first1=위현 |title=渤海遺民의 再建運動 : 後渤海와 大渤海}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=나 |first1=영남 |title=《요·금시대 이민족 지배와 발해인》. 외대 역사문화 연구총서 |date=2017 |publisher=History and Culture Research Series at the University of Foreign Studies}}</ref> However, Goryeo's official historical record, the [[Samguk sagi]] ("History of the Three Kingdoms"), includes passages on Balhae, but did not include a dynastic history of Balhae. Balhae was first included in Korean history by Goryeo scholar Yi Seung-hyu's [[Jewang ungi]] in 1287. The 18th century [[Joseon]] dynasty historian [[Yu Deuk-gong]] advocated the proper study of Balhae as part of Korean history, and coined the term "North and South States Period" to refer to this era.{{sfn|Lee|Park|Yoon|2005|pp=244–248}}