Editing History of Cologne (section)

=== Renaissance in Cologne ===
In the 16th century, the patricians of Cologne began to reflect the Renaissance art trends they got to know on their trade journeys especially in Flanders, when commissioning works of art.<ref>Isabelle Kirgus: Renaissance in Köln, Architektur und Ausstattung 1520-1620, Bonn 2004.</ref> In 1517, the Cologne families Hackeney, Hardenrath, von Merle, von Straelen, Salm and von Berchem donated a rood screen for [[St. Maria im Kapitol]]; the elaborate work was ordered from an art carver in Mechelen, who thus made the [[Renaissance in the Low Countries|Flemish Renaissance]] known in Cologne.<ref>Thesy Teplitzky: Geld, Kunst, Macht: eine Kölner Familie zwischen Mittelalter und Renaissance. Cologne 2009, p. 106ff.</ref> The town hall’s extension, called Löwenhof (Lion‘s Courtyard), was built in 1540 by Laurenz Cronenberg blending elements in late Gothic and Renaissance style. The Antwerp-born [[Cornelis Floris de Vriendt|Cornelis Floris]] was commissioned by the cathedral chapter in 1561 to erect the [[epitaphs]] of the two archbishops from the house of [[Adolf III of Schauenburg|Schaumburg]], whose depiction gained proverbial recognition in Cologne as the Floris style.<ref>Rüdiger Marco Booz: Kölner Dom, die vollkommene Kathedrale, Petersberg 2022, p. 140.</ref> Floris was also requested for the design of the [[Cologne City Hall|city hall]] [[loggia]], which was built from 1567; the construction, however, was assigned to the Cologne stonemason Wilhelm Vernukken.<ref>Isabelle Kirgus: Die Rathauslaube in Köln 1569-1573, Architektur und Antikenrezeption, Bonn 2003.</ref> The most sought-after Cologne Renaissance painter was [[Barthel Bruyn the Elder]], who developed his own form for portrait paintings in Cologne.<ref>Udo Mainzer: Kleine illustrierte Kunstgeschichte der Stadt Köln, Cologne 2015, p. 93.</ref> Families who could afford it, however, had their members portrayed in London by the royal court painter [[Hans Holbein the Younger]].<ref>Miriam Verena Fleck: Köln - "... so berühmt und von so hohem Rufe, gewissermaßen einzigartig in deutschen Landen ..."; in: Dagmar Täube, Miriam Verena Fleck (eds.): Glanz und Größe des Mittelalters, Kölner Meisterwerke aus den großen Sammlungen der Welt, Munich 2011, pp. 20-36, here p. 29.</ref>

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Main altar and screen - St. Maria im Kapitol - Cologne - Germany 2017.jpg|Flemish: rood screen in [[St. Maria im Kapitol]]
Friese im Löwenhof des Historischen Rathauses von Köln-3422.jpg|Transitional style: Löwenhof in the City Hall
Koelner Dom Epitaph Schaumburg.jpg|Floris style: epitaph in [[Cologne Cathedral]]
Kölner Rathaus - Renaissance–Laube (2621-23).jpg|Triumphant arch style: [[Cologne City Hall|City Hall Loggia]]
</gallery>