Editing Hebei (section)

==Demographics==
The population in Hebei is mostly [[Han Chinese]]. There are 55 ethnic minorities in Hebei, representing 4.27% of the total population. The largest ethnic groups are [[Manchu]] (2.1 million people), [[Hui people|Hui]] (600,000 people), and [[Mongol]] (180,000 people).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://info.hebei.gov.cn/hbszfxxgk/329988/330059/3736560/index.html |script-title=zh:河北省少数民族及宗教概况 |publisher=Hebei People's Government |access-date=2014-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419145310/http://info.hebei.gov.cn/hbszfxxgk/329988/330059/3736560/index.html |archive-date=2017-04-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Population totals do not include those in active service with the [[People's Liberation Army]].<ref><nowiki>{{Source: Department of Population, Social, Science, and Technology Statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics of China and Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China, eds. </nowiki>''Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China''. 2 vols. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing House ({{lang|zh|民族出版社}}), 2003. ({{ISBN|7-105-05425-5}}<nowiki>)}}</nowiki></ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" align="center" | Ethnic groups in Hebei, 2000 census
|-
! [[Nationalities of China|Nationality]] !! Population !! Percentage
|-
| [[Han Chinese]] || 63,781,603 || 95.65%
|-
| [[Manchu]] || 2,118,711 || 3.18%
|-
| [[Hui people|Hui]] || 542,639 || 0.78%
|-
| [[Mongol]] || 169,887 || 0.26%
|-
| [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]] || 20,832 || 0.031%
|}
In 2019, the [[birth rate]] was 10.83 births per 1,000 people, while the [[death rate]] was 6.12 deaths per 1,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|title=分省年度数据|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url=https://data.stats.gov.cn/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103&zb=A0301&reg=130000&sj=2020|access-date=2021-07-10}}</ref> The male population is 37,679,003 (50.50%), the female population is 36,931,232 (49.50%). The gender ratio of the total population was 102.02, decreasing by 0.82 from 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=河北省第七次全国人口普查公报(第三号)|publisher=Hebei Provincial Bureau of Statistics|url=http://tjj.hebei.gov.cn/res/hetj/upload/file/20210519/%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5%E4%B8%89_101212.pdf|access-date=2021-07-10}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Religion in Hebei<ref name="Wang2015">China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: [https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 |date=2015-09-25 }}</ref>{{NoteTag|The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)<ref name="Wang2015" /> to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (''i.e.'' people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organized into [[Chinese lineage associations|lineage "churches"]] and [[ancestral shrine]]s). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang. The number of Muslims is taken from a survey reported in the year 2010.<ref name="2010-Islam" />}}
|label1 = [[Chinese folk religion|Deity worshippers]], [[Taoism|Taoists]], [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], [[Confucianism|Confucians]], [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]], or not religious people
|value1 = 90.61
|color1 = Honeydew
|label2 = [[Chinese ancestral religion]]
|value2 = 5.52
|color2 = FireBrick
|label3 = [[Christianity]]
|value3 = 3.05
|color3 = DodgerBlue
|label4 = [[Islam]]
|value4 = 0.82
|color4 = Green
}}

The dominant religions in Hebei are [[Chinese folk religion]]s, [[Taoism|Taoist traditions]], and [[Chinese Buddhism]]. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 5.52% of the population believe in and are involved in [[Chinese ancestral religion|ancestor veneration]], while 3.05% identify as Christian, belonging mostly to the [[Catholic Church]].<ref name="Wang2015" /> As of 2010 Muslims constitute 0.82% of the population of Hebei.<ref name="2010-Islam">Min Junqing. ''The Present Situation and Characteristics of Contemporary Islam in China''. JISMOR, 8. [https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/duar/repository/ir/18185/r002000080004.pdf 2010 Islam by province, page 29]. Data from: Yang Zongde, ''Study on Current Muslim Population in China'', Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.</ref>

Although the surveys did not provide specific data for other religions, 90.61% of the population are either nonreligious or are involved in [[Chinese folk religion|worship of nature deities]], [[Buddhism]], [[Confucianism]], [[Taoism]], and [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]]. [[Zailiism]] is a folk religious sect that originated in Hebei. Local worship of deities organized into [[associations of good-doing|benevolent churches]] in reaction to Catholicism in the [[Qing dynasty]].

{{multiple image
| align             = center
| direction         = horizontal
| width             = 150
| image1            = Dafuo2.jpg
| caption1          = The giant [[Bodhisattva]] statue of [[Puning Temple (Hebei)|Puning Temple]]
| image2            = 张挥公大殿2.jpg
| caption2          = Great Temple of Zhang Hui, the central [[ancestral shrine]] of the [[Zhang (surname)|Zhang]] lineage, in [[Qinghe County, Hebei|Qinghe]]
}}

Hebei has the largest Catholic population in China, with one million members and 1.5 million Catholics according to the Catholic Church.<ref name="chinacath">{{cite web |url = http://www.chinacath.org/news/china/2010-09-15/8534.html |script-title=zh:河北地下教会主教成为爱国会成员 |website=chinacath.org |date=2010-09-15 |access-date=2014-08-27 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140903142132/http://www.chinacath.org/news/china/2010-09-15/8534.html |archive-date=2014-09-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:天主教 |url=http://www.hebmzt.gov.cn/tabid/73/InfoID/1240/frtid/84/Default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922194128/http://www.hebmzt.gov.cn/tabid/73/InfoID/1240/frtid/84/Default.aspx |archive-date=2017-09-22 |access-date=2014-08-26 |website=hebmzt.gov.cn}}</ref> In 1900, [[Our Lady of China|apparition of the Virgin Mary]] was said have appeared in the town of [[Donglu]] in [[Baoding]]. As a result, Donglu is "one of the strongholds of the unofficial Catholic Church in China".<ref>[http://www.refworld.org/pdfid/50f946dd2.pdf Country Advice China], Australian Government 13 February 2012</ref> Many Catholics in Hebei remain loyal to the Pope and reject the authority of the Catholic Patriotic Church. Four of Hebei's underground bishops have been imprisoned in recent years: Bishop [[Francis An Shuxin]] of Donglu since 1996; Bishop [[James Su Zhimin]] since October 1997; Bishop [[Han Dingxiang]] of Yongnian who died in prison in 2007, and Bishop [[Julius Jia Zhiguo]] of Zhengding since late 1999.<ref name="chinacath" /><ref name="pfc">[http://www.prayforchina.com/province/Hebei.htm Hebei] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924081030/http://www.prayforchina.com/province/Hebei.htm |date=2015-09-24 }}, Pray for China</ref>[[File:Zhengding Lingxiao Pagoda 3.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Lingxiao Pagoda]] of [[Zhengding]], Hebei Province, built in AD 1045 during the [[Song dynasty]]]]