Editing Gujarati language (section)

====Perso-Arabic====
{{See also|Persian language in the Indian subcontinent}}
India was ruled for many centuries by Persian-speaking [[Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent|Muslims]], amongst the most notable being the [[Delhi Sultanate]], and the [[Mughal dynasty]]. As a consequence Indian languages were changed greatly, with the large scale entry of Persian and its many Arabic loans into the Gujarati lexicon. One fundamental adoption was Persian's conjunction "that", ''ke''. Also, while ''tatsam'' or Sanskrit is etymologically continuous to Gujarati, it is essentially of a differing grammar (or language), and that in comparison while Perso-Arabic is etymologically foreign, it has been in certain instances and to varying degrees grammatically indigenised. Owing to centuries of situation and the end of Persian education and power, (1) Perso-Arabic loans are quite unlikely to be thought of or known as loans, and (2) more importantly, these loans have often been Gujarati-ized. ''dāvo'' – claim, ''fāydo'' – benefit, ''natījo'' – result, and ''hamlo'' – attack, all carry Gujarati's masculine gender marker, ''o''. ''khānũ'' – compartment, has the neuter ''ũ''. Aside from easy slotting with the auxiliary ''karvũ'', a few words have made a complete transition of verbification: ''kabūlvũ'' – to admit (fault), ''kharīdvũ'' – to buy, ''kharǎcvũ'' – to spend (money), ''gujarvũ'' – to pass. The last three are definite part and parcel.

Below is a table displaying a number of these loans. Currently some of the etymologies are being referenced to an Urdu [[dictionary]] so that Gujarati's singular masculine ''o'' corresponds to Urdu ''ā'', neuter ''ũ'' groups into ''ā'' as Urdu has no neuter gender, and Urdu's Persian ''z'' is not upheld in Gujarati and corresponds to ''j'' or ''jh''. In contrast to modern Persian, the pronunciation of these loans into Gujarati and other Indo-Aryan languages, as well as that of Indian-recited Persian, seems to be in line with Persian spoken in [[Afghanistan]] and [[Central Asia]], perhaps 500&nbsp;years ago.{{sfnp|Masica|1991|p=75}}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!colspan="12"|Nouns
!rowspan="2" colspan="12"|Adjectives
|-
!colspan="4"|{{abbr|m|masculine}}
!colspan="4"|{{abbr|n|neuter}}
!colspan="4"|{{abbr|f|feminine}}
|-
|''fāydo''
|gain, advantage, benefit
|A
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.5:1:1202.platts 776]}}
|''khānũ''
|compartment
|P
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:2080.platts 486]}}
|''kharīdī''
|purchase(s), shopping
|P
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:2215.platts 489]}}
|''tājũ''
|fresh
|P
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.2:1:778.platts 305]}}
|-
|''humlo''
|attack
|A
|{{sfnp|Tisdall|1892|p=168}}
|''makān''
|house, building
|A
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.7:1:147.platts 1057]}}
|''śardī''
|[[common cold]]
|P
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.4:1:2715.platts 653]}}
|''judũ''
|different, separate
|P
|{{sfnp|Tisdall|1892|p=170}}
|-
|''dāvo''
|claim
|A
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:3371.platts 519]}}
|''nasīb''
|luck
|A
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.7:1:3404.platts 1142]}}
|''bāju''
|side
|P
|{{sfnp|Tisdall|1892|p=160}}
|''najīk''
|near
|P
|{{sfnp|Tisdall|1892|p=177}}
|-
|''natījo''
|result
|A
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.7:1:2542.platts 1123]}}
|''śaher''
|city
|P
|{{sfnp|Tisdall|1892|p=184}}
|''cījh''
|thing
|P
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.3:1:1580.platts 471]}}
|''kharāb''
|bad
|A
|{{sfnp|Tisdall|1892|p=172}}
|-
|''gusso''
|anger
|P
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.5:1:1046.platts 771]}}
|''medān''
|plain
|P
|{{sfnp|Tisdall|1892|p=175}}
|''jindgī''
|life
|P
|{{sfnp|Tisdall|1892|p=169}}
|''lāl''
|red
|P
|{{sfnp|Platts|1884|p=[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.6:1:2251.platts 947]}}
|}

Lastly, Persian, being part of the [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian language family]] as Sanskrit and Gujarati are, met up in some instances with its cognates:{{sfnp|Masica|1991|p=71}}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Persian !! Indo-Aryan !! English
|-
|''marăd''||''martya''||man, mortal
|-
|''[[-stan|stān]]''||''sthān''||place, land
|-
|''ī''||''īya''||(adjectival suffix)
|-
|''band''||''bandh''||closed, fastened
|-
|''shamsheri''
|''aarkshak''
|policeman
|}

[[Zoroastrian]] Persian [[refugee]]s known as [[Parsi people|Parsis]] also speak an accordingly Persianized form of Gujarati.{{sfnp|Tisdall|1892|p=15}}

{|class="wikitable sortable" align=right style="margin-left: 1em"
|+Loan words in Gujarati
!{{shade|100|Gujarati}}!! {{shade|100|Source language}}
|-
{{loan words row|gu|ચા|zh|茶|en=tea|translit=cā|from=no}}
{{loan words row|gu|ટુવાલ|en|towel|script=Gujr|translit=tuvāl}}
{{loan words row|gu|મિસ્ત્રી|pt|mestre|script=Gujr|translit=mistrī|english=carpenter|fenglish=master}}
{{loan words row|gu|સાબુ|pt|sabão|script=Gujr|translit=sābu|english=soap}}
{{loan words row|gu|અનાનસ|script=Gujr|translit=anānas|pt|english=pineapple|ananás}}
{{loan words row|gu|પાદરી|script=Gujr|translit=pādrī|pt|english=Catholic priest|padre|fenglish=father}}
|}