Editing George Gurdjieff (section)

== Pupils ==
Gurdjieff's notable pupils include:<ref>Gurdjieff: an Annotated Bibliography, J. Walter Driscoll and the Gurdjieff Foundation of California, Garland, 1985.</ref>

[[Peter D. Ouspensky]] (1878–1947) was a Russian journalist, author and philosopher. He met Gurdjieff in 1915 and spent the next five years studying with him, then formed his own independent groups in London in 1921. Ouspensky became the first "career" Gurdjieffian and led independent Fourth Way groups in London and New York for his remaining years. He wrote ''[[In Search of the Miraculous]]'' about his encounters with Gurdjieff and it remains the best-known and most widely read account of Gurdjieff's early experiments with groups.

[[Thomas de Hartmann]] (1885–1956) was a Russian composer. He and his wife Olga first met Gurdjieff in 1916 at Saint Petersburg. They remained Gurdjieff's close students until 1929. During that time they lived at Gurdjieff's Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man near Paris. Between July 1925 and May 1927 Thomas de Hartmann transcribed and co-wrote some of the music that Gurdjieff collected and used for his Movements exercises. They collaborated on hundreds of pieces of concert music arranged for the piano.

This concert music was first recorded and published privately from the 1950s to the 1980s. It was first issued publicly as the ''Music of Gurdjieff / de Hartmann'', Thomas de Hartmann, piano by Triangle Records, with 49 tracks on 4 vinyl disks in 1998, then reissued as a 3-CD set containing 56 tracks in 1989. A more extensive compilation was later issued as the ''Gurdjieff / de Hartmann Music for the Piano'' in 4 printed volumes by Schott, between 1996 and 2005, and as audio CDs under the same title in four volumes, with nine discs recorded with three concert pianists, by Schott/Wergo between 1997 and 2001.

Olga de Hartmann (née Arkadievna de Schumacher; 1885–1979) was Gurdjieff's personal secretary during their Prieuré years<ref>{{harvnb|Wellbeloved|2003|p=235}}</ref> and took most of the original dictations of his writings during that period. She also authenticated Gurdjieff's early talks in the book ''Views from the Real World'' (1973). The de Hartmanns' memoir, ''Our Life with Mr Gurdjieff'' (1st ed, 1964, 2nd ed, 1983, 3rd ed 1992), records their Gurdjieff years in great detail. Their Montreal Gurdjieff group, literary and musical estate is represented by retired Canadian [[National Film Board]] producer Tom Daly.

[[Jeanne de Salzmann]] (1889–1990). Alexander and Jeanne de Salzmann met Gurdjieff in Tiflis in 1919. She was originally a dancer and a Dalcroze Eurythmics teacher. She was, along with Jessmin Howarth and Rose Mary Nott, responsible for transmitting Gurdjieff's choreographed movement exercises and institutionalizing Gurdjieff's teachings through the [[Gurdjieff Foundation]] of New York, the Gurdjieff Institute of Paris, London's Gurdjieff Society Inc., and other groups she established in 1953. She also established Triangle Editions in the US, which imprint claims copyright on all Gurdjieff's posthumous writings.

[[John G. Bennett]] (1897–1974) was a British intelligence officer, polyglot (fluent in English, French, German, Turkish, Greek, and Italian), technologist, industrial research director, author, and teacher, best known for his many books on psychology and spirituality, particularly the teachings of Gurdjieff. Bennett met both Ouspensky and then Gurdjieff at Istanbul in 1920, spent August 1923 at Gurdjieff's Institute, became Ouspensky's pupil between 1922 and 1941 and, after learning that Gurdjieff was still alive, was one of Gurdjieff's frequent visitors in Paris during 1949. See ''Witness: the Autobiography of John Bennett'' (1974), ''Gurdjieff: Making a New World''(1974), ''Idiots in Paris: diaries of J. G. Bennett and Elizabeth Bennett, 1949'' (1991).

[[Alfred Richard Orage]] (1873–1934) was an influential British editor best known for the magazine ''New Age''. He began attending Ouspensky's London talks in 1921 and then met Gurdjieff when the latter first visited London early in 1922. Shortly thereafter, Orage sold ''New Age'' and relocated to Gurdjieff's institute at the Prieré, and in 1924 was appointed by Gurdjieff to lead the institute's branch in New York. After Gurdjieff's nearly fatal automobile accident in July 1924 and because of his prolonged recuperation during 1924 and intense writing period for several years, Orage continued in New York until 1931. During this period, Orage was responsible for editing the English typescript of ''Beelzebub's Tales'' (1931) and ''Meetings with Remarkable Men'' (1963) as Gurdjieff's assistant. This period is described in some detail by Paul Beekman Taylor in his ''Gurdjieff and Orage: Brothers in Elysium'' (2001).

[[Maurice Nicoll]] (1884–1953) was a Harley Street psychiatrist and [[Carl Jung]]'s delegate in London. Along with Orage, he attended Ouspensky's 1921 London talks where he met Gurdjieff. With his wife Catherine and their daughter, he spent almost a year at Gurdjieff's Prieuré Institute. A year later, when they returned to London, Nicoll rejoined Ouspensky's group. In 1931, on Ouspensky's advice, he started his own Fourth Way groups in England. He is best known for the encyclopedic six-volume series of articles in ''Psychological Commentaries on the Teaching of Gurdjieff and Ouspensky'' (Boston: Shambhala, 1996, and Samuel Weiser Inc., 1996).

Willem Nyland (1890–1975) was a Dutch-American chemist who first met Gurdjieff early in 1924 during the latter's first visit to the US. He was a charter member of the NY branch of Gurdjieff's Institute, participated in Orage's meetings between 1924 and 1931, and was a charter member of the Gurdjieff Foundation from 1953 and through its formative years. In the early 1960s he established an independent group in Warwick NY, where he began making reel-to-reel audio recordings of his meetings, which became archived in a private library of some 2600 90-minute audio tapes. Many of these tapes have also been transcribed and indexed, but remain unpublished. ''Gurdjieff Group Work with Wilhem (sic-Willem) Nyland'' (1983) by Irmis B. Popoff, sketches Nyland's group work.

[[Jane Heap]] (1883–1964) was an American writer, editor, artist, and publisher. She met Gurdjieff during his 1924 visit to New York, and set up a Gurdjieff study group at her apartment in Greenwich Village. In 1925, she moved to Paris to study at Gurdjieff's Institute, and re-established her group in Paris until 1935 when Gurdjieff sent her to London to lead the group that C. S. Nott had established and which she continued to lead until her death. Jane Heap's Paris group became Gurdjieff's 'Rope' group after her departure, and contained several notable writers, including [[Margaret C. Anderson|Margaret Anderson]], [[Solita Solano]], [[Kathryn Hulme]], and others who proved helpful to Gurdjieff while he was editing his first two books.

Kenneth Macfarlane Walker (1882–1966) was a prominent British surgeon and prolific author. He was a member of Ouspensky's London group for decades, and after the latter's death in 1947 visited Gurdjieff in Paris many times. As well as many accessible medical books for lay readers, he wrote some of the earliest informed accounts of Gurdjieff's ideas, ''Venture with Ideas'' (1951) and ''A Study of Gurdjieff's Teaching'' (1957).

[[Henry John Sinclair, 2nd Baron Pentland]] (1907–1984), was a pupil of Ouspensky's during the 1930s and 1940s. He visited Gurdjieff regularly in Paris in 1949, then was appointed as President of the Gurdjieff Foundation of America by Jeanne de Salzmann when she founded that institution in New York in 1953. He established the Gurdjieff Foundation of California in the mid-1950s and remained President of the US Foundation branches until his death. Pentland also became President of Triangle Editions when it was established in 1974.