Editing Genome (section)

=== Genome-wide reprogramming ===
Genome-wide reprogramming in mouse [[germ cell|primordial germ cells]] involves [[epigenetics|epigenetic]] imprint erasure leading to [[cell potency|totipotency]]. Reprogramming is facilitated by active [[DNA demethylation]], a process that entails the DNA [[base excision repair]] pathway.<ref name="pmid20595612">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hajkova P, Jeffries SJ, Lee C, Miller N, Jackson SP, Surani MA |title=Genome-wide reprogramming in the mouse germ line entails the base excision repair pathway |journal=Science |volume=329 |issue=5987 |pages=78–82 |date=July 2010 |pmid=20595612 |pmc=3863715 |doi=10.1126/science.1187945 |bibcode=2010Sci...329...78H }}</ref> This pathway is employed in the erasure of [[DNA methylation|CpG methylation]] (5mC) in primordial germ cells. The erasure of 5mC occurs via its conversion to [[5-hydroxymethylcytosine]] (5hmC) driven by high levels of the ten-eleven dioxygenase enzymes [[Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1|TET1]] and [[Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2|TET2]].<ref name="pmid23223451">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hackett JA, Sengupta R, Zylicz JJ, Murakami K, Lee C, Down TA, Surani MA |title=Germline DNA demethylation dynamics and imprint erasure through 5-hydroxymethylcytosine |journal=Science |volume=339 |issue=6118 |pages=448–52 |date=January 2013 |pmid=23223451 |pmc=3847602 |doi=10.1126/science.1229277 |bibcode=2013Sci...339..448H }}</ref>