Editing Fourth Crusade (section)

=== Crusader colonies ===
The [[Latin Empire]] and the 4th Crusade's leaders all created their own kingdoms in the [[Byzantine Empire]].

[[File:Greece in 1278.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.13|Map of the Greek and Latin states in southern Greece ca. 1278]]
* The [[Kingdom of Thessalonica]] (1205–1224), encompassing [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]] and [[Thessaly]]. This kingdom was given to the leader of the 4th Crusade, Boniface of Montferrat after he lost the election of Latin Emperor to Baldwin of Flanders. Boniface would expand Latin domains south, into southern Greece. After he was killed by Bulgarians, the kingdom was almost continuously troubled by warfare with the [[Second Bulgarian Empire]]; eventually, it was conquered by the [[Despotate of Epirus]] under [[Theodore Komnenos Doukas]]. Doukas would then replace the Kingdom of Thessalonica by the [[Empire of Thessalonica]].
* The [[Principality of Achaea]] (1205–1432/1454), encompassing the [[Morea]] or [[Peloponnese]] peninsula. It quickly emerged as the strongest state, and prospered even after the demise of the Latin Empire. Its main rival was the Byzantine [[Despotate of the Morea]], which eventually succeeded in conquering the Principality. It also exercised suzerainty over the Lordship of [[Argos and Nauplia]], and at one point or another, most of the other Latin states.
* The [[Duchy of Athens]] (1205–1458), with its two capitals [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]] and Athens, and encompassing [[Attica]], [[Boeotia]], and parts of southern [[Thessaly]]. In 1311, the Duchy was [[Battle of Halmyros|conquered]] by the [[Catalan Company]], and in 1388, it passed into the hands of the [[Republic of Florence|Florentine]] Acciaiuoli family, which kept it until the Ottoman conquest in 1456.
* The [[Duchy of the Archipelago]] or of Naxos (1207–1579), founded by the [[Marco I Sanudo|Sanudo]] family, it encompassed most of the [[Cyclades]]. In 1383, it passed under the control of the Crispo family. The Duchy became an Ottoman vassal in 1537, and was finally annexed to the Ottoman Empire in 1579.
* [[Duchy of Philippopolis]] (1204 – after 1230), fief of the Latin Empire in northern Thrace, until its capture by the [[Second Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarians]].
* The [[Marquisate of Bodonitsa]] (1204–1414), like Salona, was originally created as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, but later came under the influence of Achaea. In 1335, the Venetian Giorgi family took control, and ruled until the Ottoman conquest in 1414.
* The [[County of Salona]] (1205–1410), centred at Salona (modern [[Amfissa]]), like Bodonitsa, was formed as a vassal state of the Kingdom of Thessalonica since King of Thessalonica, Boniface of Montferrat created the county. It would later come under the influence of Achaea. It then came under [[Catalan Company|Catalan]] and later Navarrese rule in the 14th century, before being sold to the [[Knights Hospitaller]] in 1403. It was finally conquered by the Ottomans in 1410.
* The [[County palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos]] (1185–1479). It encompassed the [[Ionian Islands]] of [[Cephalonia]], [[Zakynthos]], [[Ithaca (island)|Ithaca]], and, from around 1300, also [[Lefkas]] (Santa Maura). Created as a vassal to the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], it was ruled by the [[Orsini family]] from 1195 to 1335, and after a short interlude of [[County of Anjou|Anjou]] rule the county passed to the [[Tocco family]] in 1357. The county was split between Venice and the Ottomans in 1479.
* The [[Triarchy of Negroponte]] (1205–1470), encompassing the island of Negroponte ([[Euboea]]), originally a vassal of Thessalonica, then of Achaea. It was fragmented into three baronies (''terzi'' or "triarchies") run each by two barons (the ''sestieri''). This fragmentation enabled [[Republic of Venice|Venice]] to gain influence acting as mediators. By 1390 Venice had established direct control of the entire island, which remained in Venetian hands until 1470, when it was [[Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–79)|captured]] by the Ottomans.
* The [[Lordship of Argos and Nauplia]] (1212–1388) was made a lordship when after their conquest from the Byzantines in 1211–1212, the cities were granted as a fief to [[Otto de la Roche]], duke of Athens, by [[Geoffrey I of Villehardouin]], prince of Achaea. The lordship remained in the possession of the de la Roche and the Brienne dukes of Athens even after the conquest of the [[Duchy of Athens]] by the [[Catalan Company]] in 1311, and the Brienne line continued to be recognized as dukes of Athens there. In 1388 the two cities were sold to Venice but before Venice could take possession, Argos was seized by the Byzantine [[Despotate of Morea]] under [[Theodore I Palaiologos]], while his ally, while the Florentine Acciaiuoli family seized Nauplia. The Nauplia was soon captured by Venice, but Argos remained in Byzantine hands until 1394, when it too was handed over to Venice.
* [[Rhodes]] [[Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes|became]] the headquarters of the military monastic order of the [[Knights Hospitaller]] of Saint John in 1310, and the Knights retained control of the island (and neighbouring islands of the [[Dodecanese]] island group) until [[Siege of Rhodes (1522)|ousted by the Ottomans in 1522]].
* [[Lemnos]], an island known to Westerners as Stalimene formed a fief of the Latin Empire under the Venetian Navigajoso family from 1207 until conquered by the Byzantines in 1278. Its rulers bore the title of ''[[megadux]]'' ("grand duke") of the Latin Empire.