Editing Federal Aviation Administration (section)

==Regulatory process==
===Designated Engineering Representative===
A Designated Engineering Representative (DER) is an engineer who is appointed under 14 CFR section 183.29 to act on behalf of a company or as an independent consultant (IC).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/designees_delegations/designee_types/der/ |title=faa.gov: "Engineering and Flight Test Designees - Designated Engineering Representative (DER)" |access-date=May 31, 2009 |archive-date=June 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608212350/http://www.faa.gov/other%5Fvisit/aviation%5Findustry/designees%5Fdelegations/designee%5Ftypes/der/ |url-status=live}}</ref> The DER system enables the FAA to delegate certain involvement in [[airworthiness]] exams, tests, and inspections to qualified technical people outside of the FAA.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/FAA_Order_8110.37F.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029215814/https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/FAA_Order_8110.37F.pdf |archive-date=2019-10-29 |url-status=live |title=FAA Order 8110.37F |page=2-1}}</ref> Qualifications and policies for appointment of Designated Airworthiness Representatives are established in [[FAA Order 8100.8]], ''Designee Management Handbook''. Working procedures for DERs are prescribed in [[FAA Order 8110.37]], ''Designated Engineering Representative (DER) Handbook''.

*Company DERs act on behalf of their employer and may only approve, or recommend that the FAA approves, technical data produced by their employer.
*Consultant DERs are appointed to act as independent DERs and may approve, or recommend that the FAA approves, technical data produced by any person or organization.

Neither type of DER is an employee of either the FAA or the United States government. While a DER represents the FAA when acting under the authority of a DER appointment; a DER has no federal protection for work done or the decisions made as a DER. Neither does the FAA provide any indemnification for a DER from general [[Tort|tort law]]. "The FAA cannot shelter or protect DERs from the consequences of their findings."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/FAA_Order_8100.8D.pdf |title=FAA Order 8100.8D |page=3-1 |accessdate=2021-12-14 |archive-date=January 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118213845/https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/FAA_Order_8100.8D.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Designated Airworthiness Representative (DAR)===
{{Main|Designated Airworthiness Representative}}
A DAR<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/designees_delegations/designee_types/dar/ |title=Designated Airworthiness Representative (DAR) |access-date=December 17, 2013 |archive-date=December 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224400/http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/designees_delegations/designee_types/dar/ |url-status=live}}</ref> is an individual appointed in accordance with 14 CFR 183.33 who may perform examination, inspection, and testing services necessary to the issuance of certificates. There are two types of DARs: manufacturing, and maintenance.

*Manufacturing DARs must possess aeronautical knowledge, experience, and meet the qualification requirements of [[FAA Order 8100.8]].
*Maintenance DARs must hold:
*# a mechanic's certificate with an airframe and powerplant rating, under 14 CFR part 65 ''Certification: Airmen Other Than Flight Crewmembers'', or
*# a repairman certificate and be employed at a repair station certificated under 14 CFR part 145, or an air carrier operating certificate holder with an FAA-approved continuous airworthiness program, and must meet the qualification requirements of Order 8100.8, Chapter 14.

Specialized Experience&nbsp;– Amateur-Built and Light-Sport Aircraft DARs Both Manufacturing DARs and Maintenance DARs may be authorized to perform airworthiness certification of light-sport aircraft. DAR qualification criteria and selection procedures for amateur-built and light-sport aircraft airworthiness functions are provided in Order 8100.8.

=== Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community (CANIC) ===
A Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community (commonly abbreviated as CANIC) is a notification from the FAA to civil airworthiness authorities of foreign countries of pending significant safety actions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=1&LLID=24&LLTypeID=10 |title=Lessons Learned |website=lessonslearned.faa.gov |access-date=October 20, 2019 |archive-date=June 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607171030/https://lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=1&LLID=24&LLTypeID=10 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The FAA Airworthiness Directives Manual,<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgOrders.nsf/0/66ddd8e1d2e95db3862577270062aabd/%24FILE/FAA-IR-M-8040_1C.pdf |title=Airworthiness Directives Manual |date=May 17, 2010 |publisher=FAA |pages=Chapter 6, section 8. Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community (CANIC) |id=FAA-IR-M-8040.1C |access-date=November 29, 2019 |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806015859/https://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgOrders.nsf/0/66ddd8e1d2e95db3862577270062aabd/%24FILE/FAA-IR-M-8040_1C.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> states the following:<blockquote>
8. Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community (CANIC).

:a. A CANIC is used to notify civil airworthiness authorities of other countries of pending significant safety actions. A significant safety action can be defined as, but not limited to, the following:

::(1) Urgent safety situations;

::(2) The pending issuance of an Emergency AD;

::(3) A safety action that affects many people, operators;

::(4) A Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR);

::(5) Other high interest event (e.g., a special certification review). </blockquote>

==== Notable CANICs ====
<blockquote>
The FAA issued a CANIC to state the continued airworthiness of the [[Boeing 737 MAX]], following [[Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302|the crash of Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.faa.gov/news/updates/media/CAN_2019_03.pdf |title=Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community |date=March 11, 2019 |publisher=FAA |access-date=November 29, 2019 |archive-date=November 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103142508/https://www.faa.gov/news/updates/media/CAN_2019_03.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/faa-says-reviewing-737-max-software-fix-is-an-agency-priority.html |title=FAA says reviewing 737 Max software fix is 'an agency priority' |last=LeBeau |first=Phil |date=March 20, 2019 |website=[[CNBC]]|language=en |access-date=October 20, 2019 |archive-date=October 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020192945/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/faa-says-reviewing-737-max-software-fix-is-an-agency-priority.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://time.com/5549342/boeing-737-airworthy-despite-crashes/ |title=FAA Says Boeing 737 MAX 8 Is 'Airworthy' Despite Second Crash |magazine=Time |language=en |access-date=October 20, 2019 |archive-date=May 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521190328/http://time.com/5549342/boeing-737-airworthy-despite-crashes/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thehill.com/policy/transportation/433465-former-faa-safety-inspector-urges-caution-over-boeing-737-ive-never |title=Former FAA safety inspector urges caution over Boeing 737: 'I've never, ever done this' |last=Rodrigo |first=Chris Mills |date=March 11, 2019 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]|language=en |access-date=October 20, 2019 |archive-date=October 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020192945/https://thehill.com/policy/transportation/433465-former-faa-safety-inspector-urges-caution-over-boeing-737-ive-never |url-status=live}}</ref>

Another CANIC notified the ungrounding of the MAX, ending a 20-month grounding.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=November 18, 2020 |title=CANIC |url=https://www.faa.gov/foia/electronic_reading_room/boeing_reading_room/media/737_CAN-2020-24.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124073334/https://www.faa.gov/foia/electronic_reading_room/boeing_reading_room/media/737_CAN-2020-24.pdf |archive-date=November 24, 2020 |access-date= |website=Federal Aviation Administration}}</ref></blockquote>

=== Proposed regulatory reforms ===

====FAA reauthorization and air traffic control reform====
U.S. law requires that the FAA's budget and mandate be reauthorized on a regular basis. On July 18, 2016, President Obama signed a second short-term extension of the FAA authorization, replacing a previous extension that was due to expire that day.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Government/FAA-reauthorization-signed-into-law |title=FAA reauthorization signed into law: Travel Weekly |website=www.travelweekly.com |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309062820/http://www.travelweekly.com/Travel-News/Government/FAA-reauthorization-signed-into-law |url-status=live}}</ref>

The 2016 extension (set to expire itself in September 2017) left out a provision pushed by Republican House leadership, including [[United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure|House Transportation and Infrastructure (T&I) Committee]] Chairman [[Bill Shuster]] (R-PA). The provision would have moved authority over [[air traffic control]] from the FAA to a non-profit corporation, as many other nations, such as Canada, Germany and the United Kingdom, have done.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/senate-passes-faa-reauthorization-bill-1468437144 |title=Senate Passes FAA Reauthorization Bill |last1=Carey |first1=Susan |date=July 13, 2016 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=March 8, 2017 |last2=Pasztor |first2=Andy |issn=0099-9660 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=March 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033940/https://www.wsj.com/articles/senate-passes-faa-reauthorization-bill-1468437144 |url-status=live}}</ref> Shuster's bill, the [[Aviation Innovation, Reform, and Reauthorization (AIRR) Act]],<ref>{{cite web |title=H.R.4441 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): Aviation Innovation, Reform, and Reauthorization Act of 2016 |url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/4441 |website=Congress.gov |date=February 11, 2016 |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=February 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215061105/https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/4441 |url-status=live}}</ref> expired in the House at the end of the 114th Congress.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://cei.org/blog/congress-trump-administration-must-prioritize-air-traffic-control-reform |title=Congress, Trump Administration Must Prioritize Air Traffic Control Reform |date=December 12, 2016 |work=[[Competitive Enterprise Institute]] |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309065521/https://cei.org/blog/congress-trump-administration-must-prioritize-air-traffic-control-reform |url-status=live}}</ref>

The House T&I Committee began the new reauthorization process for the FAA in February 2017. It is expected that the committee will again urge Congress to consider and adopt air traffic control reform as part of the reauthorization package. Shuster has additional support from President Trump, who, in a meeting with aviation industry executives in early 2017 said the U.S. air control system is "....totally out of whack."<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.natlawreview.com/article/congressional-hearings-faa-reauthorization-and-automated-vehicles-fta-withholds |title=Congressional Hearings on FAA Reauthorization and Automated Vehicles; FTA Withholds Funding from DC, MD, VA for Missing WMATA Safety Oversight Deadline |work=The National Law Review |access-date=March 8, 2017 |archive-date=March 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170309063542/http://www.natlawreview.com/article/congressional-hearings-faa-reauthorization-and-automated-vehicles-fta-withholds |url-status=live}}</ref>