Editing Economy of Australia (section)

====Mining====
{{Main|Coal companies of Australia|Energy in Australia|Mining in Australia}}
[[File:Australian Energy resources and major export ports map.svg|thumb|right|Australian energy resources and major export ports map]]

In 2019, the country was the 2nd largest world producer of [[gold]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-gold.pdf USGS Gold Production Statistics]</ref> 8th largest world producer of [[silver]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-silver.pdf USGS Silver Production Statistics]</ref> 6th largest world producer of [[copper]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-copper.pdf USGS Copper Production Statistics]</ref> the world's largest producer of iron ore;<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020-iron-ore.pdf USGS Iron ore Production Statistics]</ref> the world's largest producer of [[bauxite]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-bauxite-alumina.pdf USGS bauxite alumina Production Statistics]</ref> the 2nd largest world producer of [[manganese]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf USGS Manganese Production Statistics]</ref> 2nd largest world producer of [[lead]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lead.pdf USGS Lead Production Statistics]</ref> 3rd largest world producer of [[zinc]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-zinc.pdf USGS Zinc Production Statistics]</ref> 3rd largest world producer of [[cobalt]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-cobalt.pdf USGS Cobalt Production Statistics]</ref> 3rd largest producer of [[uranium]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf23.html|title=World Uranium Mining|access-date=28 April 2021|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226012424/http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/mining-of-uranium/world-uranium-mining-production.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> 6th largest producer of [[nickel]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-nickel.pdf USGS Nickel Production Statistics]</ref> 8th largest world producer of [[tin]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-tin.pdf USGS Tin Production Statistics]</ref> 14th largest world producer of [[phosphate]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-phosphate.pdf USGS Phosphate Production Statistics]</ref> 15th largest world producer of [[sulfur]];<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-sulfur.pdf USGS Sulfur Production Statistics]</ref> in addition to being the 5th largest world producer of [[table salt|salt]].<ref>[https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-salt.pdf USGS Salt Production Statistics]</ref> The country is also a major producer of precious stones. Australia is the world's largest producer of [[opal]] and is one of the largest producers of [[diamond]], [[ruby]], [[sapphire]] and [[jade]]. In non-renewable energies, in 2020, the country was the 30th largest producer of [[oil]] in the world, extracting 351.1 thousand barrels / day.<ref name="eia.gov">[https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world/petroleum-and-other-liquids/annual-petroleum-and-other-liquids-production Annual petroleum and other liquids production]</ref> In 2019, the country consumed 1 million barrels / day (20th largest consumer in the world).<ref>[https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical -review / bp-stats-review-2020-full-report.pdf Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2020] {{Dead link|date=January 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world -factbook / rankorder / 2246rank.html The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency]{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The country was the 20th largest oil importer in the world in 2018 (461.9 thousand barrels / day).<ref name="eia.gov"/> In 2015, Australia was the 12th largest world producer of [[natural gas]], 67.2 billion m3 per year. In 2019, the country was the 22nd largest gas consumer (41.9 billion m3 per year) and was the 10th largest gas exporter in the world in 2015: 34.0 billion m3 per year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2249rank.html|title=CIA. The World Factbook. Natural gas – production.|access-date=28 April 2021|archive-date=15 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315051210/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2249rank.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the production of [[coal]], the country was the 4th largest in the world in 2018: 481.3 million tons. Australia is the 2nd largest coal exporter in the world (387 million tons in 2018).<ref>[https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world -energy.html Statistical Review of World Energy 2018] {{Dead link|date=January 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

In 2014–15 [[mineral extraction]] in Australia was valued at 212&nbsp;billion Australian dollars. Of this, coal represented 45,869&nbsp;million, oil and natural gas 40,369&nbsp;million, iron ore 69,486&nbsp;million, gold ore 13,685&nbsp;million, and other metals 7,903&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/D96FCC4AEEA50923CA2568A90013940B?Opendocument|title=ABS – Mining|date=27 May 2016}}</ref>

Coal is mined primarily in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. Fifty-four per cent of the coal mined in Australia is exported, mostly to East Asia. In 2000–01, 258.5&nbsp;million tonnes of coal was mined, and 193.6&nbsp;million tonnes exported. Coal provides about 85% of Australia's electricity production.<ref name="modern">{{cite web|url=http://www.gc3.cqu.edu.au/modern-world/index.php#australia|title=The Importance of Coal in the Modern World – Australia|publisher=Gladstone Centre for Clean Coal|access-date=17 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208111031/http://gc3.cqu.edu.au/modern-world/index.php#australia|archive-date=8 February 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> In fiscal year 2008–09, 487 million tonnes of coal was mined, and 261&nbsp;million tonnes exported.<ref name="ABARE2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.abareconomics.com/publications_html/ams/ams_09/ams_sept09.pdf|title=Australia Mineral Statistics 2009– June Quarter|publisher=Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics|access-date=3 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707074336/http://www.abareconomics.com/publications_html/ams/ams_09/ams_sept09.pdf|archive-date=7 July 2011}}</ref> Australia is the world's leading coal exporter.<ref name="CoalInfo2008">International Energy Agency. (31 August 2008) Coal Information 2008. Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development. {{ISBN|92-64-04241-5}}</ref>

The Australian mining corporations [[Rio Tinto Group]] and [[BHP]] are among the largest in the world.

Rio Tinto's [[Argyle diamond mine|Argyle mine]] in Western Australia was the second-largest diamond mine in the world. The Argyle mine opened in 1983 and has produced more than 95 per cent of Australia's diamonds, including some of the world's most valuable [[pink diamond|pink]] and [[red diamond]]s.<ref name="bipash">{{cite news|last1=Pash|first1=Chris|title=Australia's biggest diamond mine is running out of diamonds|url=https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australias-biggest-diamond-mine-is-running-out-of-diamonds-these-are-the-key-players-in-the-race-to-replace-argyle-2018-3|access-date=8 January 2020|work=Business Insider Australia|date=29 March 2018|language=en|archive-date=14 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114164631/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/australias-biggest-diamond-mine-is-running-out-of-diamonds-these-are-the-key-players-in-the-race-to-replace-argyle-2018-3|url-status=dead}}</ref> Due to the depletion of ore, Argyle closed in 2020—the closure was expected to reduce Australia's yearly diamond output from 14.2 million carats to 134.7 thousand carats.<ref name="miningtech">{{cite news|title=Outlook for diamond mining in Australia after 2021 Argyle mine closure|url=https://www.mining-technology.com/comment/outlook-for-diamond-mining-in-australia/|access-date=8 January 2020|work=Mining Technology|date=2 July 2019|archive-date=29 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029024148/https://www.mining-technology.com/comment/outlook-for-diamond-mining-in-australia/|url-status=dead}}</ref>