Editing East Midlands (section)

===Scientific heritage===
[[Isaac Newton]], born in [[Grantham]] in 1642, is perhaps the most prolific scientist. His accomplishments include [[calculus]], [[Newton's laws of motion]], and [[Newton's law of universal gravitation]], among many others. There is a shopping centre named in his honour in Grantham. [[Thomas Simpson]] from Leicestershire is known for [[Simpson's rule]]. [[Roger Cotes]] invented the concept of the [[radian]] in 1714, but the term was not so-named until 1873.

[[Henry Cavendish]], loosely connected with Derbyshire, discovered [[hydrogen]] in 1766 (although the element's name came from [[Antoine Lavoisier]]), and Cavendish was the first to estimate an accurate mass of the Earth in 1798 in his [[Cavendish experiment]]. The [[Cavendish Laboratory]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] is named after a [[William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire|relative]]. [[Herbert Spencer]] coined the term "[[survival of the fittest]]" in 1864, which was once strongly linked with [[social Darwinism]]. [[John Flamsteed|Sir John Flamsteed]] was the first [[Astronomer Royal]] of the [[Royal Observatory, Greenwich]] in 1675. [[Robert Bakewell (agriculturalist)|Robert Bakewell]], of [[Dishley Grange|Dishley]] in Leicestershire and known for his [[English Leicester sheep]], arrived at [[selective breeding]]; his [[English Longhorn]] were the first ever [[Beef cattle|cattle bred for beef]].

[[George Boole]], pioneer of [[Boolean logic]] (upon which all [[digital electronics]] and computers depend), was born in Lincoln in 1815. The application of Boole's theory to digital circuit design would come in 1937 by [[Claude Shannon]]. Boole's grandson, the physicist [[G. I. Taylor]], made significant experimental contributions to [[quantum mechanics]]. The first practical [[Stowe Nine Churches|demonstration]] of radar was near [[Daventry]] in 1935. [[Robert Robinson (organic chemist)|Robert Robinson]], of Chesterfield in Derbyshire, invented the circular symbol in 1925 for the [[pi bond]]s of the [[benzene]] ring, as found on all structural diagrams of [[Aromatic hydrocarbon|aromatic compounds]]. [[Nicola Pellow]], a maths undergraduate at Leicester Polytechnic, whilst at CERN in November 1990, wrote the world's second web browser.

[[Silicone]] was discovered in 1899 by Prof [[Frederic Kipping]] at University College, Nottingham. [[Michael Creeth]] of Northampton discovered the [[Nucleic acid secondary structure|hydrogen-bonding mechanism between DNA bases]], allowing the [[Nucleic acid structure|structure of DNA]] to be discovered. Nottinghamshire's Ken Richardson was in charge of the team at Pfizer in Sandwich, Kent that in 1981 discovered [[Fluconazole]] (Diflucan), the world's leading [[antifungal medication]], especially useful for those with [[Immunodeficiency|weakened immune systems]]. It has few side effects. Richardson is now one of the few Britons in the [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]]. [[Don Grierson (geneticist)|Don Grierson]] at the University of Nottingham was the first to produce a [[Genetically modified tomato]], which became the first GM food on sale in the UK and in the United States.

[[Louis Essen]], a Nottingham physicist, [[History of timekeeping devices|made advances]] in the [[quartz clock]] in the 1930s at the [[National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)|National Physical Laboratory]] in Teddington, to produce the quartz ring clock in 1938, and the caesium clock, known as the [[atomic clock]], in 1955. During the war he invented the [[Absorption wavemeter|cavity resonance wavemeter]] to find the first accurate value of the speed of light. The atomic clock works on differences in [[Spin magnetic moment|magnetic spin]]. Before Essen's invention, the [[second]] was defined in terms of the [[Earth's orbit|orbit of the Earth round the Sun]]; he changed it in 1967 to be based on the [[hyperfine structure]] of the [[Isotopes of caesium|caesium-133]] atom. [[Coordinated Universal Time]] (UTC), in Paris, takes the average of 300 atomic clocks around the world.

On the early morning of Tuesday 26 February 1935 the [[Daventry transmitting station|radio transmitter]] at [[Daventry]] was used for what became known as the "[[Chain Home#Daventry experiment|Daventry Experiment]]" which involved the first-ever practical demonstration of [[radar]], by its inventor [[Robert Watson-Watt]] and [[Arnold Frederic Wilkins]]. They used a radio receiver installed in a van at [[Litchborough]] (just off the [[A5 road (Great Britain)|A5]] about {{convert|6|mi|km}} south of Daventry) to receive signals bounced off a metal-clad [[Handley Page Heyford]] bomber flying across the radio transmissions. The interference picked up from the aircraft allowed its approximate [[Bearing (navigation)|navigational position]] to be estimated, and therefore proved that it was possible to detect the position of aircraft using radio waves. The success of the experiment persuaded the British government to fund the development of a network of full scale radar stations on the south coast of England, which became known as [[Chain Home]], which provided a decisive advantage to the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] in the [[Battle of Britain]] in 1940.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Daventry Experiment: Commemorating the birth of British radar |work=BBC News |date=26 February 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-northamptonshire-31634132 |access-date=7 October 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Lincoln Steep Hill 1.JPG|thumb|220px|left|Steep Hill in [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]]]]
[[File:Treibjagd0001.JPG|thumb|220px|left|[[Fox hunting]] is historically linked with the East Midlands.]]