Editing Doraemon (section)

=== General ===
''Doraemon'' is considered one of the best-known manga of all time, a true Japanese cultural icon,<ref name="Schodt 1999"/> and an essential part of family life of the Japanese post-war generation.<ref name="Shiraishi 1997-2">{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|1997|p=240}}</ref> Akihiro Motoyama observed that "mothers who watched the movies when they were children are now taking their own children to see them".<ref name="Shiraishi 1997-2" /><ref name="Schilling-1993">{{Cite journal|last=Schilling|first=Mark|date=1993|title=Doraemon: Making Dreams Come True|url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/18bc0e950d0102ff0d65d3f6d5044af8/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821452|journal=Japan Quarterly|volume=40|issue=4|pages=405–417}}</ref> It was also commercially successful: over {{nowrap|108 million}} books were sold in Japan by 1996.<ref name="Schodt217">{{Harvnb|Schodt|1999|p=217}}</ref> The 1979<ref name="Schilling-1993" /> and 2005 anime series<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ressler|first=Karen|date=2018-02-15|title=Japan's Animation TV Ranking, February 5–11|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-02-15/japan-animation-tv-ranking-february-5-11/.127848|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216044636/https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-02-15/japan-animation-tv-ranking-february-5-11/.127848|archive-date=2018-02-16|access-date=2021-05-27|website=[[Anime News Network]]|quote=''Doraemon''&nbsp;... Average Household Rating: 8.3}}</ref> also achieved high ratings on television. With the film ''[[Doraemon: Nobita's Secret Gadget Museum]]'', the [[List of Doraemon films|''Doraemon'' anime film series]] reached 100 million tickets sold at the Japanese box office, surpassing ''[[Godzilla (franchise)|Godzilla]]'' as the [[List of highest-grossing films in Japan|highest-grossing film franchise in Japan]].<ref name="Wall Street Journal Japan">{{cite news|last=Sekiguchi|first=Toko|date=March 26, 2013|title=Godzilla Loses Top Spot to Kittybot Doraemon|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2013/03/26/godzilla-loses-top-spot-to-kittybot-doraemon/|url-status=live|access-date=March 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130330002155/http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2013/03/26/godzilla-loses-top-spot-to-kittybot-doraemon/|archive-date=March 30, 2013}}</ref> By 2015, it had sold over 103 million tickets, and was the largest franchise by numbers of admissions in the country.<ref>{{cite web|author=Blair|first=Gavin J.|date=April 6, 2015|title=Japan Box Office: 'Doraemon' Anime Still All-Conquering|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/japan-box-office-doraemon-anime-786473|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528220457/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/japan-box-office-doraemon-anime-786473|archive-date=May 28, 2015|access-date=May 28, 2015|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref>

''Doraemon'' was also a hit in Asia in general, and was considered one of the typical cases of Japanese [[soft power]],<ref name="Shiraishi 1997-3">{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|1997|p=234}}</ref> although it was published without a license in some countries.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|1997|pp=264–265, 268–269}}</ref> The anime television series is available in over 60 countries,<ref name="TV Asahi" /> and reportedly getting high ratings in at least 30 countries.<ref>{{cite news|last=McCurry|first=Justin|date=June 3, 2015|title=Japanese robot cat Doraemon helps ease diplomatic tensions with China|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/03/japanese-robot-cat-doraemon-eases-diplomatic-tensions-with-china|url-status=live|access-date=July 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722031540/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/03/japanese-robot-cat-doraemon-eases-diplomatic-tensions-with-china|archive-date=July 22, 2016}}</ref> However, ''Doraemon'' was less successful in Western countries, because it was viewed as a children-only series, and there were some tight restrictions about publishing manga and broadcasting anime series there.<ref>{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|1997|p=267}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Cooper-Chen|first=Anne|title=Cartoon Cultures: The Globalization of Japanese Popular Media|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2010|isbn=978-1433103681|pages=85}}</ref> The manga has sold over {{nowrap|170 million}} copies worldwide by 2012;<ref name="Iwamoto-2012">{{Cite web|last=Iwamoto|first=Tetsuo|date=2012-09-03|title=Happy birthday! Doraemon will be born 100 years from today|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/cool_japan/style/AJ201209030098|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124063755/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/cool_japan/style/AJ201209030098|archive-date=2015-01-24|access-date=2021-05-27|website=[[Asahi Shimbun]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Easton|first=Yukari|date=2016-08-31|title=Tokyo 2020 and Japan's Soft Power|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/08/tokyo-2020-and-japans-soft-power/|url-status=live|journal=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902184000/https://thediplomat.com/2016/08/tokyo-2020-and-japans-soft-power/|archive-date=2016-09-02|access-date=2020-11-18}}</ref> over 250 million by 2019;<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-27 |script-title=ja:ドラえもん、誕生５０周年にビックリ新刊！「第０巻」２７日発売  |trans-title=Doraemon, surprise new publication on the 50th anniversary! "Volume 0" released on the 27th of November|url=https://www.sanspo.com/article/20191127-4ULPPKAK3ZN35IXMWNAVOMSZ3A/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |website=サンスポ |publisher=Sankei Digital, Inc. |language=ja}}</ref> and over 300 million by 2024.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:ドラえもん 作品概要|url=https://adpocket.shogakukan.co.jp/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/【スペシャル】ドラえもん.pdf|website=Shogakukan AD Pocket|publisher=[[Shogakukan]]|access-date=October 2, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240820035731/https://adpocket.shogakukan.co.jp/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/【スペシャル】ドラえもん.pdf|archive-date=August 20, 2024|language=ja|date=August 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Estimates show that ''Doraemon'' has generated at least more than {{US$|4.3 billion|long=no}} in merchandise sales by 2019,{{Efn|''Doraemon'' licensed merchandise sales:
*Royalties (1979–1994) – {{¥|15.3 billion}} ({{US$|153 million|long=no}})<ref name="Schodt217"/>
*Japan (1999–2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2010) – {{¥|223.75 billion}} ({{US$|{{#expr:223.75/87.78 round 3}} billion|long=no}})<ref name="JPY2010">{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) - Japan |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=2010&locations=JP&start=2009 |website=[[World Bank]] |year=2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926014220/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=2010&locations=JP&start=2009 |archive-date=2018-09-26 |access-date=2021-05-27}}</ref>
**1999 – {{¥|{{#expr:2100*(4.01/100)}} billion}}<ref name="Japan1999">{{cite book |last=Tsukada |first=Yuko |chapter=Action! Report No.3: 市場環境を調べる |title=クリエイターのための自営学 |trans-chapter=Action! Report No.3: Examine the market environment |trans-title=Self-employment studies for creators |chapter-url=https://jieigaku.net/report3-2.htm |publisher=Creative Work Station / [[:ja:明日香出版社|Asuka Publishing]] |date=September 7, 2001 |isbn=4756911501 |language=ja |access-date=September 7, 2018 |archive-date=April 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420111216/https://jieigaku.net/report3-2.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
**2000 – {{¥|50 billion}}<ref name="Yano2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ppOyAAAAIAAJ|title=Market Share in Japan|date=2005|publisher=Yano Research Institute|page=18|quote=7 {{!}} Doraemon {{!}} 500&nbsp;... 8 {{!}} Doraemon {{!}} 300|access-date=September 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120025656/https://books.google.com/books?id=ppOyAAAAIAAJ|archive-date=November 20, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
**2003 – {{¥|30 billion}}<ref name="Yano2"/>
**2005 – {{¥|{{#expr:1610*(1.55/100) round 2}} billion}}<ref name="Japan2005">{{cite web |title=日本のアニメ・マンガを取り巻く状況 |trans-title=The situation surrounding Japanese animation and manga|url=https://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/souhatu/h18seika/01anime/01_sousei_09honpen3.pdf#page=15 |publisher=[[Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism]] |pages=25–26 |language=ja |date=March 6, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318201726/https://www.mlit.go.jp/kokudokeikaku/souhatu/h18seika/01anime/01_sousei_09honpen3.pdf |archive-date=March 18, 2013 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}</ref>
**2007 – {{¥|{{#expr:1600*(1.10/100)}} billion}}<ref name="Japan2007">{{cite news |title=キャラクターが日本を救う |trans-title=Characters Save Japan |url=https://research.nttcoms.com/database/data/000938/ |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=[[:ja:NTTコム オンライン・マーケティング・ソリューション|NTTCom Online Marketing Solutions]] |publisher=[[NTT Communications]] |date=January 26, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415193216/https://research.nttcoms.com/database/data/000938/ |archive-date=April 15, 2014 |language=ja}}</ref>
**2010 – {{¥|{{#expr:1617*(1.05/100) round 2}} billion}}<ref name="charabiz2010">{{cite book |title=コンテンツ2次利用市場（ライセンス市場）に係る 競争環境及び海外市場動向実態調査 |trans-title=Research on the competitive environment and overseas market trends in the secondary content use market (licensing market) |date=2011 |publisher=[[Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry]] (METI) |pages=22–23 |url=https://www.kanto.meti.go.jp/kankobutu/data/contents_kaigaishijyo_chousa.pdf#page=24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130105181943/https://www.kanto.meti.go.jp/kankobutu/data/contents_kaigaishijyo_chousa.pdf |archive-date=January 5, 2013 |language=ja |access-date=May 27, 2021}}</ref>
*Worldwide (2015–2016) – {{US$|1.108 billion|long=no}}
**2015 – {{US$|557 million|long=no}}<ref name="preschool2">{{cite news|date=July 17, 2017|title=Top 20 Preschool Properties in the $12.8 Billion Industry|work=The Licensing Letter|url=https://www.thelicensingletter.com/top-20-preschool-properties-in-the-12-8-billion-industry/|url-status=live|access-date=September 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623113054/https://www.thelicensingletter.com/top-20-preschool-properties-in-the-12-8-billion-industry/|archive-date=June 23, 2018}}</ref>
**2016 – {{US$|551 million|long=no}}<ref name="preschool2"/>
*Japan (2018–2019) – {{¥|{{#expr:<!--2018-->1533*(1.87/100)+<!--2019-->1550*(2.28/100) round 2}} billion}}<ref name="cna">{{cite news |title=Content Tokyo 2020 》Vtuber、疫情中重塑品牌、以AI創作，日本內容產業熱議的3件事 |trans-title=Content Tokyo 2020 》Vtuber, Rebranding During the Epidemic, Creating With AI, 3 Things That Are Hotly Discussed in the Japanese Content Industry |url=https://www.cna.com.tw/culture/article/20201230w002 |access-date=May 27, 2021 |work=[[Central News Agency (Taiwan)|Central News Agency]] |date=December 30, 2020 |language=zh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108082753/https://www.cna.com.tw/culture/article/20201230w002 |archive-date=January 8, 2021}}</ref><ref name="charabiz2018">{{cite book |title=CharaBiz DATA 2019(18) |date=May 2019 |publisher=Character Databank |url=https://www.charabiz.com/book_detail.php?tab=news&article_id=10493 |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208015402/https://www.charabiz.com/book_detail.php?tab=news&article_id=10493 |archive-date=February 8, 2021 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}</ref><ref name="charabiz2019">{{cite book |title=CharaBiz DATA 2020(19) |date=May 2020 |publisher=Character Databank |url=https://www.charabiz.com/book_detail.php?tab=news&article_id=11267 |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127093316/https://www.charabiz.com/book_detail.php?tab=news&article_id=11267 |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |access-date=May 27, 2021}}</ref> ({{US$|{{To USD|64010|JPN|year=2019|round=yes}} million|long=no}})|group=lower-alpha}} and over $1.7 billion from anime feature films by 2020,<ref name="Thomas-2020">{{Cite web|last=Thomas|first=Russell|date=2020-02-01|title=Back to the future: The world celebrates the 50th anniversary of Doraemon|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2020/02/01/general/doraemon-50th-anniversary/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202124634/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2020/02/01/general/doraemon-50th-anniversary/#.XjbEu-rP0dU|archive-date=2020-02-02|access-date=2022-01-23|website=The Japan Times}}</ref> making it one of the [[List of highest-grossing media franchises|highest-grossing media franchises]] of all time.

Outside Japan, ''Doraemon'' achieved particular success in Vietnam,<ref>{{Harvnb|Shiraishi|2000|p=288}}</ref> with a record-breaking 40 million copies sold by 2006.<ref name="thanhnien">{{cite news|last1=Giao Hưởng|last2=Minh Hoa|date=March 21, 2006|title=6 kỉ lục trong lĩnh vực xuất bản - in - phát hành của Việt Nam|language=vi|trans-title=6 records in the publishing-printing-distribution sector of Vietnam|work=[[Thanh Niên]]|url=http://www1.thanhnien.com.vn/Vanhoa/Vanhoc/2006/3/22/142877.tno|url-status=dead|access-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080124044612/http://www1.thanhnien.com.vn/Vanhoa/Vanhoc/2006/3/22/142877.tno|archive-date=January 24, 2008}}</ref> The manga was first launched there in 1992 by [[Kim Đồng Publishing House]], but the copyright from Shogakukan was not fully acquired until 1996.<ref name="Nguyễn Phú Cương-2010">{{Cite web|last=Nguyễn Phú Cương|date=October 16, 2010|title=Nguyễn Thắng Vu: Ông "bố nuôi" của Đôrêmon đã ra đi|trans-title=Nguyễn Thắng Vu: Doraemon's "adoptive-father" is gone|url=https://thethaovanhoa.vn/van-hoa-giai-tri/nguyen-thang-vu-ong-bo-nuoi-cua-doremon-da-ra-di-n20101016064438165.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409200927/https://thethaovanhoa.vn/van-hoa-giai-tri/nguyen-thang-vu-ong-bo-nuoi-cua-doremon-da-ra-di-n20101016064438165.htm|archive-date=2017-04-09|access-date=October 21, 2020|website=Thể thao & Văn hóa|language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nữ Lâm|date=2020-05-14|title=Thế giới đã sẵn sàng chia tay Doraemon chưa?|trans-title=Is the world ready to say goodbye to Doraemon?|url=https://tuoitre.vn/the-gioi-da-san-sang-chia-tay-doraemon-chua-2020051409161066.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522162220/https://tuoitre.vn/the-gioi-da-san-sang-chia-tay-doraemon-chua-2020051409161066.htm|archive-date=2020-05-22|access-date=2021-05-27|website=[[Tuoi Tre|Tuổi Trẻ]]|language=vi}}</ref> In 1993, the [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)|Vietnamese Ministry of Culture]] considered the manga's publication to be "an impactful event for the improvement of children, youth and adult's likings&nbsp;... [''Doraemon''] is a comprehensively educational book series which has the effect of developing children's personality".<ref name="Nguyễn Phú Cương-2010" /> Doraemon is now a cultural icon in Vietnam, having featured in many cultural events.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 12, 2010|title="Ngày hội Đôrêmon"|trans-title="Doraemon Festival"|url=http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30071&cn_id=392947|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211207/http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30071&cn_id=392947|archive-date=September 23, 2015|access-date=January 13, 2018|website=Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper|language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Phùng Hà|date=2012-12-15|title='Doraemon' - cơn sốt 20 năm chưa hạ nhiệt|trans-title='Doraemon' - the 20-year phenomenon which never dies down|url=https://giaitri.vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/sach/lang-van/doraemon-con-sot-20-nam-chua-ha-nhiet-2402068.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216070210/https://giaitri.vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/sach/lang-van/doraemon-con-sot-20-nam-chua-ha-nhiet-2402068.html|archive-date=2012-12-16|access-date=2021-06-02|website=[[VnExpress]]|language=vi}}</ref>