Editing Croatia (section)

=== Infrastructure ===
{{see also|Transport in Croatia|Energy in Croatia}}{{Multiple image
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| image1            = 9A-CTJ - Airbus A320 - Croatia Airlines.jpg
| image2            = Zagreb_Glavni_kolodvor_1p_-_pruga_prema_zapadu.jpg
| caption1          = [[Croatia Airlines]] is the national airline of Croatia and was formed in [[1989]].
| caption2          = [[HŽ series 6112]] manufactured by the Croatian company [[Končar Group]], operated by [[Croatian Railways]]
}}

==== Motorways ====
The [[Motorways in Croatia|motorway network]] was largely built in the late 1990s and the 2000s. As of December 2020, Croatia had completed {{convert|1313.8|km|abbr=off}} of motorways, connecting Zagreb to other regions and following various [[International E-road network|European routes]] and four [[Pan-European corridors]].<ref name="Helsinki-1997">{{cite journal|publisher=[[University of Rijeka]], Faculty of Maritime Studies|url =http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/6570|title=The integration of the Republic of Croatia into the Pan-European transport corridor network|author=Tanja Poletan Jugović|journal=Pomorstvo|volume=20|issue=1|pages=49–65|date=11 April 2006|access-date=14 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="NN-Motorways2009">{{cite news|newspaper=Narodne Novine|language=hr|url=http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2009_01_13_296.html|title=Odluka o izmjenama i dopunama odluke o razvrstavanju javnih cesta u autoceste|trans-title=Decision on amendments and additions to the Decision on classification of public roads as motorways|date=30 January 2009|access-date=18 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mreža autocesta – HUKA|url=http://www.huka.hr/mreza-autocesta|access-date=16 December 2020|website=www.huka.hr}}</ref> The busiest motorways are the [[A1 (Croatia)|A1]], connecting Zagreb to Split and the [[A3 (Croatia)|A3]], passing east to west through northwest Croatia and Slavonia.<ref name="HC-promet">{{cite web|publisher=[[Hrvatske ceste]] |url=http://www.hrvatske-ceste.hr/WEB%20-%20Legislativa/brojenje-prometa/CroDig2009.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110221195254/http://www.hrvatske-ceste.hr/WEB%20-%20Legislativa/brojenje-prometa/CroDig2009.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 February 2011 |title=Traffic counting on the roadways of Croatia in 2009 – digest |access-date=1 May 2010 }}</ref>

A widespread network of [[state roads in Croatia]] acts as motorway [[Feeder line (network)|feeder roads]] while connecting major settlements. The high quality and safety levels of the Croatian motorway network were tested and confirmed by EuroTAP and EuroTest programmes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurotestmobility.com/news.php?item=25&PHPSESSID=a7d9b4decd981bb3cdc3494656b0104d|title=EuroTest|publisher=Eurotestmobility.com|access-date=3 January 2009|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430010646/http://www.eurotestmobility.com/news.php?item=25&PHPSESSID=a7d9b4decd981bb3cdc3494656b0104d|archive-date=30 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.javno.com/en/croatia/clanak.php?id=38990|title=Brinje Tunnel Best European Tunnel|publisher=Javno.com|access-date=3 January 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115220041/http://www.javno.com/en/croatia/clanak.php?id=38990|archive-date=15 January 2009}}</ref>

==== Railways ====
Croatia has an [[List of railways in Croatia|extensive rail network]] spanning {{convert|2604|km|abbr=off}}, including {{convert|984|km|abbr=off}} of electrified railways and {{convert|254|km|abbr=off}} of double track railways.{{sfn|2018 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia|p=350}} The most significant railways in Croatia are within the Pan-European transport corridors Vb and X connecting [[Rijeka]] to [[Budapest]] and Ljubljana to Belgrade, both via [[Zagreb]].<ref name="Helsinki-1997" /> [[Croatian Railways]] operates all rail services.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Vjesnik|title=Skuplje korištenje pruga uništava HŽ|trans-title=More Expensive Railway Fees Ruin Croatian Railways|language=hr|date=10 May 2011|first=Tomislav|last=Pili|url=http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx?ID=B93764C8-6505-4A87-BDDF-B22148331E6E|archive-date=26 May 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240526010235/https://www.webcitation.org/68PYpf0Jp?url=http://www.vjesnik.hr/Article.aspx%3FID=B93764C8-6505-4A87-BDDF-B22148331E6E|access-date=26 October 2011}}</ref> In 2024, the [[European Investment Bank]] committed €400 million to support the revitalization of the railway system, focusing on green and digital transformations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Croatia: EIB commits €400 million in green funding to modernise railways |url=https://www.eib.org/en/press/all/2024-044-eib-commits-eur400-million-in-green-funding-to-modernise-croatia-s-railways |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Modernizing mobility: A new era in rail travel {{!}} Končar |url=https://www.koncar.hr/en/news/modernizing-mobility-new-era-rail-travel |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=www.koncar.hr}}</ref> In July 2024, a significant agreement was signed for the acquisition of six [[electro-diesel multiple unit]]s (EDMUs) to improve connectivity between [[Split, Croatia|Split]] and Zagreb. Valued at €57.3 million and financed through an EIB loan, this project is part of the broader initiative to modernize Croatia's railway infrastructure.<ref name=":3" />

==== Pelješac Bridge ====
[[File:Pelješac bridge - Most Pelješac - Croatia - 2022-06-16.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pelješac Bridge]] connects the peninsula of [[Pelješac]] and through it the southernmost part, including [[Dubrovnik]], with the [[Croatia proper|Croatian mainland]].]]

The construction of 2.4-kilometre-long [[Pelješac Bridge]], the biggest infrastructure project in Croatia connects the two halves of Dubrovnik-Neretva County and shortens the route from the West to the [[Pelješac]] peninsula and the islands of [[Korčula]] and [[Lastovo]] by more than 32&nbsp;km. The construction of the Pelješac Bridge started in July 2018 after Croatian road operator [[Hrvatske ceste]] (HC) signed a 2.08 billion [[Croatian kuna|kuna]] deal for the works with a Chinese consortium led by [[China Road and Bridge Corporation]] (CRBC). The project is co-financed by the [[European Union]] with 357 million euro. The construction was completed in July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Croatia opens long-awaited bridge bypassing Bosnia |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/26/croatia-opens-long-awaited-bridge-bypassing-bosnia |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref>

==== Aviation ====
There are [[international airport]]s in [[Dubrovnik Airport|Dubrovnik]], [[Osijek Airport|Osijek]], [[Pula Airport|Pula]], [[Rijeka Airport|Rijeka]], [[Split Airport|Split]], [[Zadar Airport|Zadar]], and [[Zagreb International Airport|Zagreb]].<ref name="MMPI-Airports">{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia)]]|url=http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=675|title=Air transport|access-date=10 October 2011|archive-date=3 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703104330/http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=675|url-status=dead}}</ref> The largest and busiest is [[Zagreb Airport|Franjo Tuđman Airport]] in Zagreb.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Meštrović|first=Damjan|date=2018|title=Utjecaj izgradnje novog terminala na poslovanje Zračne luke Franjo Tuđman|url=https://www.bib.irb.hr/972752|language=hr}}</ref> In July 2024, the airline took delivery of its first [[Airbus A220|Airbus A220-300]] aircraft, marking the beginning of a transition to a more modern and efficient fleet.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-29 |title=Croatia Airlines takes delivery of its first A220 in new livery {{!}} Airbus |url=https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2024-07-croatia-airlines-takes-delivery-of-its-first-a220-in-new-livery |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=www.airbus.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-30 |title=Croatia Airlines takes delivery of its first A220 in new livery {{!}} Airbus |url=https://aircraft.airbus.com/en/newsroom/news/2024-07-croatia-airlines-takes-delivery-of-its-first-a220-in-new-livery |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=aircraft.airbus.com |language=en}}</ref> This initiative includes the acquisition of 13 A220-300 and two [[Airbus A220|A220-100]] aircraft, aiming to enhance operational efficiency with 25% lower fuel consumption and reduced emissions.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> As of 2024, [[Croatia Airlines]] expanded its international network by introducing direct flights from [[Zagreb]] to [[Tirana]], [[Berlin]], and [[Stockholm]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Luke |date=2024-03-07 |title=Croatia Airlines reveals 2024 expansion plans and new routes |url=https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/croatia-airlines-summer-2024-routes |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=www.aerotime.aero |language=en-US}}</ref> Additionally, the airline launched services connecting [[Hamburg]] to Zagreb starting 1 July 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sommerflugplan : Neue Ziele ab Hamburg liegen vor allem im Osten - WELT |url=https://www.welt.de/regionales/hamburg/article255803710/Sommerflugplan-Neue-Ziele-ab-Hamburg-liegen-vor-allem-im-Osten.html |access-date=2025-04-05 |website=DIE WELT |language=de}}</ref>

==== Ports ====
The busiest cargo seaport is the [[Port of Rijeka]]. The busiest passenger ports are [[Port of Split|Split]] and Zadar.<ref name="WB-Rijeka">{{cite web|publisher=World Bank|language=hr|title=Riječka luka –jadranski "prolaz" prema Europi|trans-title=The Port of Rijeka – Adriatic "gateway" to Europe|date=3 March 2006|access-date=13 October 2011|url=http://go.worldbank.org/V9N60RX7L0|archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120805200119/http://go.worldbank.org/V9N60RX7L0|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 August 2012}}</ref><ref name="MMPI-RL-plan">{{cite web|publisher=Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia)|url=http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=480|title=Luke|trans-title=Ports|language=hr|access-date=24 August 2011|archive-date=16 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216063733/http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=480|url-status=dead}}</ref> Many minor ports serve ferries connecting numerous islands and coastal cities with ferry lines to several cities in Italy.<ref name="AOLPP-Rijeka">{{cite web|publisher=Agencija za obalni linijski pomorski promet|url=http://www.agencija-zolpp.hr/Brodskelinije/tabid/1267/Default.aspx|language=hr|title=Plovidbeni red za 2011. godinu|trans-title=Sailing Schedule for Year 2011|access-date=27 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715203314/http://www.agencija-zolpp.hr/Brodskelinije/tabid/1267/Default.aspx|archive-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> The largest [[inland port|river port]] is [[Vukovar]], located on the [[Danube]], representing the nation's outlet to the Pan-European transport corridor VII.<ref name="Helsinki-1997" /><ref name="MMPI-River-Navigation">{{cite web|publisher=Ministry of the Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia)|url=http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=890|title=Plovni putovi|trans-title=Navigable routes|language=hr|access-date=10 September 2011|archive-date=16 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216060844/http://www.mppi.hr/default.aspx?id=890|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Energy ====
{{See also|Energy in Croatia}}
[[File:Gračac (HR), Poštak -- 2022 -- 0004.jpg|thumb|left|Poštak Wind Farm near [[Gračac]], [[Zadar County]].]]
{{convert|610|km|abbr=off}} of crude oil pipelines serve Croatia, connecting the [[Rijeka]] oil terminal with refineries in Rijeka and [[Sisak]], and several transhipment terminals.
The system has a capacity of 20&nbsp;million tonnes per year.<ref name="JANAF-system">{{cite web|publisher=[[Jadranski naftovod]]|url=http://www.janaf.hr/index.php?option=sustav&lang=en|title=The JANAF system|access-date=8 October 2011}}</ref> The natural gas transportation system comprises {{convert|2113|km|abbr=off}} of trunk and regional pipelines, and more than 300 associated structures, connecting production rigs, the Okoli natural gas storage facility, 27 end-users and 37 distribution systems.<ref name="Plinacro-system">{{cite web|publisher=[[Plinacro]]|url=http://www.plinacro.hr/default.aspx?id=264|title=Transportni sustav|trans-title=Transport system|language=hr|access-date=8 October 2011}}</ref> Croatia also plays an important role in regional energy security. The floating [[liquefied natural gas]] import terminal off [[Krk]] island [[LNG Hrvatska]] commenced operations on January 1, 2021, positioning Croatia as a regional energy leader and contributing to diversification of Europe's energy supply.<ref name="lng" />

In 2010, Croatian energy production covered 85% of nationwide natural gas and 19% of oil demand.{{sfn|2010 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia|pages=298-302}} In 2016, Croatia's primary energy production involved natural gas (24.8%), hydropower (28.3%), crude oil (13.6%), fuelwood (27.6%), and heat pumps and other renewable energy sources (5.7%).{{sfn|2018 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia|p=307}} In 2017, net total electrical power production reached 11,543&nbsp;GWh, while it imported 12,157&nbsp;GWh or about 40% of its electric power energy needs.{{sfn|2018 Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia|p=304}}

[[Krško Nuclear Power Plant]] (Slovenia) supplies a large part of Croatian imports. 50% is owned by [[Hrvatska elektroprivreda]], providing 15% of Croatia's electricity.<ref name="EUB-NEK">{{cite web|publisher=EU Business|url=http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/japan-disaster.9bc|title=Croatia, Slovenia's nuclear plant safe: Croatian president|date=28 March 2011|access-date=8 October 2011}}</ref>