Editing Crisis of the Third Century (section)

==== Licinian dynasty (253–268) ====
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| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Valerianus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3387 (cropped).jpg|133x133px]]
|[[File:Aureus of Valerian (obverse).jpg|100x100px]]
|'''[[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]]'''<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Publius Licinius Valerianus}}</small>
|c. September 253 – c. June 260<br/><small>(6 years and c. 9 months, '''East''')</small>
|Member of an ancient senatorial family (the [[Licinii]]) and former consul, proclaimed emperor after the death of [[Trebonianus Gallus]], recognized in Rome alongside his son Gallienus. Divided the empire in two, with himself ruling over the East while his son ruled over the West. Defeated and captured by the Persians at the [[Battle of Edessa]], an unprecedentent disaster in Roman military history.{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1y=2017|1pp=205–213|2a1=Peachin|2y=1990|2pp=37-40|3a1=Burgess|3y=2014|3p=77|4a1=Vagi|4y=2000|4pp=342-357|5a1=Adkins|5y=2019|5p=28}}
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| style="text-align:center;" |[[File:Gallienus Louvre Ma512.jpg|150x150px]]
|[[File:Rare aureus of Gallienus (obverse).jpg|100x100px]]
|'''[[Gallienus]]'''<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus}}</small>
| style="text-align:center;" |c. September 253 – c. September 268<br/><small>(15 years)</small>
|Son of Gallienus and [[Egnatia Mariniana]], named senior co-emperor at the age of 35, ruling over the Western provinces. Became sole emperor after his father's, having the longest reign since the start of the crisis. A persevering ruler, he faced a large number of usurpers and foreign invasions. Murdered during his confrotation against [[Aureolus]] in a conspiracy led by the [[praetorian prefect]] [[Aurelius Heraclianus|Heraclianus]], the future emperor [[Aurelian]], and [[Claudius Gothicus|Claudius II]], who succeded Gallienus.{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1y=2017|1pp=205–213|2a1=Peachin|2y=1990|2pp=37-40|3a1=Burgess|3y=2014|3p=77|4a1=Vagi|4y=2000|4pp=342-357|5a1=Adkins|5y=2019|5p=28}}
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! scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#FFe4e1;" |
| style="background:#FFe4e1;" |[[File:Antoninianus of Valerian II - cropped.jpg|100px]]
| style="background:#FFe4e1;" |[[Valerian II]]<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Publius Licinius Cornelius Valerianus}}</small>
| scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#FFe4e1;" |256–258<br/><small>(''caesar'' under Valerian and Gallienus)</small>
| style="background:#FFe4e1;" |Son and heir of Gallienus. Died in unclear circumstances, likely assasinated by his guardian [[Ingenuus]], who then claimed the imperial title.{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1y=2017|1pp=205–213|2a1=Peachin|2y=1990|2pp=37-40|3a1=Burgess|3y=2014|3p=77|4a1=Vagi|4y=2000|4pp=342-357|5a1=Adkins|5y=2019|5p=28}}
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| style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFFF;" |[[File:Portrait of a Roman Boy Aristocrat (head).jpg|117x117px]]<br /><small>(possible)</small>
| style="background:#F0FFFF;" |[[File:Saloninus coin (transparent background).png|100px]]
| style="background:#F0FFFF;" |'''[[Saloninus]]'''<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Publius Licinius Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus}}</small>
| scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#F0FFFF;" |Autumn 260<br/><small>(co-''augustus'' under Gallienus)</small>
| style="background:#F0FFFF;" |Son and heir of Gallienus, named ''caesar'' in 258, proclaimed emperor by his father's troops during [[Postumus]]' siege of [[Cologne]]; killed just a few weeks later. His acclamation was not authorized by Gallienus, but had he survived it would certainly have been recognized. Posthumous coinage avoid any title, perhaps as a way to hide the crises in the family.{{Sfnm|1a1=Kienast|1y=2017|1pp=205–213|2a1=Peachin|2y=1990|2pp=37-40|3a1=Burgess|3y=2014|3p=77|4a1=Vagi|4y=2000|4pp=342-357|5a1=Adkins|5y=2019|5p=28}}
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| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[File:Uranius Antoninus.jpg|102x102px]]
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |''[[Uranius Antoninus|'''Uranius Antoninus''']]<br />''<small>{{Smallcaps|Lucius Julius Aurelius Sulpicius Severus Uranius Antoninus}}</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{Circa}} 253 / 254<br /><small>('''Syria''')</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |Born as ''Sampsiceramus'', initially a priest of the cult of [[Elagabal]], likely a descendant of [[Elagabalus]]. Proclaimed emperor after successfully defending [[Emesa]] from the Persian forces of [[Shapur I]]; fate unknown.{{sfn|Vagi|2000|pp=344-345}}{{sfn|Craven|2019|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VEbCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT370 ANTONINUS IV]}}
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| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |'''''[[Ingenuus]]'''''
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{Circa}} 260<br /><small>('''Pannonia''')</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |Governor of Pannonia, proclaimed in [[Sirmium]] by the legions of [[Moesia]] after the capture of Valerian, defeated and killed and in [[Mursa]].{{sfn|PLRE|p=457}}
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| style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB;" |
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[File:Antoninianus of Regalianus - cropped.jpg|100px]]
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |'''''[[Regalianus]]'''<br />''<small>{{Smallcaps|P(ublius) C(assius) Regalianus}}</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{Circa}} 260<br /><small>('''Pannonia''')</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |A native of Dacia, commander in [[Illyricum (Roman province)|Illyricum]]. Proclaimed emperor in Moesia but killed shortly after,{{sfn|PLRE||loc=|p=762}} perhaps by his own troops upon Gallienus' arrival.{{sfn|Adkins|2019|p=29}}
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| style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB;" |
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[File:Aureus Macrianus RIC 0003 (obverse).jpg|100px]]
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |'''''[[Macrianus Minor]]'''''<br /><small>{{Smallcaps|Titus Fulvius Junius Macrianus}}</small>
| rowspan="2" style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{Circa}} 260 – 261<br /><small>('''in the East''')</small>
| rowspan="2" style="background:#EBEBEB;" |Sons of [[Macrianus Major]], Valerian's quartermaster general, who was proclaimed emperor by the praetorian prefect [[Balista]] but refused due to his age and health, instead proclaiming his two sons, both [[Legate (ancient Rome)|legates]], as joint emperors and [[Roman consul|consuls]]. They quickly took over most of the East (Egypt, Syria and Asia) while Gallienus fought in the West. Both Macrianus were eventually defeated at Illyricum by [[Aureolus]], while Quietus, the younger brother, was sieged by [[Odaenathus]] in [[Emesa]] with Ballista and killed.{{sfn|PLRE||loc=|p=528, 757}}{{sfn|Craven|2019|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VEbCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT376 MACRIANUS / QUIETUS]}}
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| style="text-align:center; background:#EBEBEB;" |
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[File:Antoninianus-Quietus-RIC 0009 (obverse).jpg|100px]]
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |'''''[[Quietus]]'''<br />''<small>{{Smallcaps|Titus Fulvius Junius Quietus}}</small>
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!
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| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[Valens Thessalonicus|'''''Valens''''']] "'''''Thessalonicus'''''"
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{Circa}} 261<br /><small>('''Achaia/Macedonia''')</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |[[Proconsul]] of [[Achaia (Roman province)|Achaia]], probably gained his nickname after defending [[Thessalonica]]. Proclaimed emperor during his confrontation against [[Piso (general under Macrianus)|Piso]], one of Macrianus' generals. Valens defeated him, but was killed by his own soldiers shortly after.{{sfn|PLRE||loc=|p=929}}
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| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |''[[Lucius Mussius Aemilianus|'''Aemilianus''' ('''II''')]]<br />''<small>{{Smallcaps|Lucius Mussius Aemilianus "Aegippius"}}</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{Circa}} 261 – 262<br /><small>('''Egypt''')</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |A distinguished officer who supported the revolt of Macrianus, claimed imperial power after their deaths, probably to avoid punishment. Defeated by [[Aurelius Theodotus]].{{sfn|PLRE|p=23}}{{sfn|Craven|2019|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VEbCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT378 AEMILIANUS II]}}
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!
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| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |'''''[[Memor]]'''''
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |{{Circa}} 262 (?)
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |A [[mauri]] briefly mentioned by [[Zosimus (historian)|Zosimus]] ({{Circa}} 500 AD) and [[Peter the Patrician]] ({{Circa}} 550 AD).{{sfn|PLRE||loc=|p=594}} Likely a follower of Macrianus, he may have never actually claimed imperial power.{{sfn|Craven|2019|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VEbCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT380 MEMOR]}}
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| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |'''''[[Aureolus]]'''<br />''<small>{{Smallcaps|(Manius Acilius) Aeolus}}</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |268<br /><small>('''Northern Italy''')</small>
| style="background:#EBEBEB;" |Native of Dacia and Gallienus' right hand man. Defeated the usurpers [[Ingenuus]] (260) and [[Macrianus Minor|Macrianus]] (261), but later allied himself with [[Postumus]] against Gallienus. He proclaimed himself emperor following Gallienus' death, but was quickly killed by Claudius' troops after surrending to him.{{sfnm|1a1=PLRE|1p=138|2a1=Vagi|2y=2000|2pp=389-391}}
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| colspan="5" |