Editing Coca-Cola (section)

===Contour bottle design===
{{redirect|Coke bottle|the song|Coke Bottle (song)}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Earl R. Dean standing with the johnny bull machine.jpg|thumb|right|Earl R. Dean standing next to the Johnny Bull Machine, the mold machine used to produce the early Coca-Cola contour bottles]] -->
[[File:EB1911 Cocoa - Branch of Cocoa Tree.jpg|thumb|Illustration of a gourd-shaped [[cocoa pod]] in the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'']]

The Coca-Cola bottle, called the "contour bottle" within the company, was created by bottle designer [[Earl R. Dean]] and Coca-Cola's [[general counsel]], [[Harold Hirsch]]. In 1915, the Coca-Cola Company was represented by their general counsel to launch a competition among its bottle suppliers as well as any competition entrants to create a new bottle for their beverage that would distinguish it from other beverage bottles, "a bottle which a person could recognize even if they felt it in the dark, and so shaped that, even if broken, a person could tell at a glance what it was."<ref name="vigo.lib.in.us">{{cite web|title=Inventory: Earl R. Dean Collection|url=http://www.vigo.lib.in.us/archives/inventories/business/dean.php|publisher=[[Vigo County Public Library]]|access-date=December 14, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608214022/http://www.vigo.lib.in.us/archives/inventories/business/dean.php|archive-date=June 8, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/the-story-of-the-coca-cola-bottle | title=The Story of the Coca-Cola Bottle | publisher=[[The Coca-Cola Company|Coca-Cola]] | date=February 26, 2015 | access-date=November 20, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119092136/http://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/the-story-of-the-coca-cola-bottle | archive-date=November 19, 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ccbanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/TBL_Spring-Summer_324.pdf | title=The Contour Bottle Celebrates Its 100th Birthday! | publisher=Coca-Cola Bottlers Association | date=2015 | access-date=November 20, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412085853/https://ccbanet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/TBL_Spring-Summer_324.pdf | archive-date=April 12, 2019 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="His Life and Madness">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSAChoqpnHUC&q=harold+hirsch |last=Pendergrast |first=Mark |title=For God, Country, and Coca-Cola |publisher=[[Basic Books]] |year=2004 |page=104 |isbn=9780684826790 |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227142753/https://books.google.com/books?id=bSAChoqpnHUC&q=harold+hirsch#v=snippet&q=harold%20hirsch |archive-date=December 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Chapman J. Root, president of [[the Root Glass Company]] of [[Terre Haute, Indiana]], turned the project over to members of his supervisory staff, including company auditor T. Clyde Edwards, plant superintendent Alexander Samuelsson, and [[Earl R. Dean]], bottle designer and supervisor of the bottle molding room. Root and his subordinates decided to base the bottle's design on one of the soda's two ingredients, the [[coca leaf]] or the [[kola nut]], but were unaware of what either ingredient looked like. Dean and Edwards went to the [[Emeline Fairbanks Memorial Library]] and were unable to find any information about coca or kola. Instead, Dean was inspired by a picture of the gourd-shaped [[cocoa pod]] in the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Dean made a rough sketch of the pod and returned to the plant to show Root. He explained to Root how he could transform the shape of the pod into a bottle. Root gave Dean his approval.<ref name="vigo.lib.in.us" />

Faced with the upcoming scheduled maintenance of the mold-making machinery, over the next 24 hours, Dean sketched out a concept drawing, which was approved by Root the next morning. Chapman Root approved the prototype bottle, and a [[design patent]] was issued on the bottle in November 1915. The prototype never made it to production since its middle diameter was larger than its base, making it unstable on [[conveyor belt]]s. Dean resolved this issue by decreasing the bottle's middle diameter. During the 1916 bottler's convention, Dean's contour bottle was chosen over other entries and was on the market the same year. By 1920, the contour bottle became the standard for the Coca-Cola Company. A revised version was also patented in 1923. Because the [[US Patent Office|Patent Office]] releases the ''Patent Gazette'' on Tuesday, the bottle was patented on December 25, 1923, and was nicknamed the "Christmas bottle". Today, the contour Coca-Cola bottle is one of the most recognized packages on the planet.<ref name="history-of-bottling" />

As a reward for his efforts, Dean was offered a choice between a $500 bonus or a lifetime job at The Root Glass Company. He chose the lifetime job and kept it until the [[Owens-Illinois Glass Company]] bought out The Root Glass Company in the mid-1930s. Dean went on to work in other Midwestern glass factories.<ref name="Christenberry2011">{{cite book|author=Donna Gisolo Christenberry|title=Terre Haute: Farrington's Grove|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PN2HOJFxWRsC&pg=PA65|year=2011|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-8319-8|page=65|access-date=June 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223061941/https://books.google.com/books?id=PN2HOJFxWRsC&pg=PA65|archive-date=December 23, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Raymond Loewy]] updated the design in 1955 to accommodate larger formats.<ref name="coca_TheH">{{Cite web
| title = The History Behind the Coca-Cola Bottle
| work = The Coca-Cola Company
| access-date = October 20, 2019
| url = https://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/the-story-of-the-coca-cola-bottle
| quote = When King and Family sized packaging were introduced in 1955, Raymond Loewy was part of the team that worked to recast the bottle but still keep the proper proportions.
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190819164556/https://www.coca-colacompany.com/stories/the-story-of-the-coca-cola-bottle
| archive-date = August 19, 2019
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Misinterpretations of comments Loewy made on his involvement have given rise to a [[List of common misconceptions|popular misconception]], misattributing him as the original designer of the Coke bottle.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bayley |first=Stephen |date=February 7, 2015 |title=The art of Coke |url=https://www.spectator.com.au/2015/02/happy-100th-birthday-to-a-pop-icon-the-coca-cola-bottle/ |access-date=June 19, 2024 |work=[[The Spectator]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mikkelson |first=Barbara |date=May 2, 1999 |title=Was the Coca-Cola Bottle Design an Accident? |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/coke-bottle-design-accident/ |access-date=June 19, 2024 |website=[[Snopes]]}}</ref>

Others have attributed inspiration for the design not to the cocoa pod, but to a [[Victorian fashion|Victorian]] [[Hoop skirt|hooped dress]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snopes.com/cokelore/bottle.asp |title=Snopes urban legend of the Coca-Cola bottle shape |website=Snopes.com |date=May 2, 1999 |access-date=March 13, 2011 |archive-date=January 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118171338/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/coke-bottle-design-accident/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1944, Associate Justice [[Roger J. Traynor]] of the [[Supreme Court of California]] took advantage of a case involving a waitress injured by an exploding Coca-Cola bottle to articulate the doctrine of [[strict liability]] for [[product liability|defective products]]. Traynor's [[concurring opinion]] in ''[[Escola v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co.]]'' is widely recognized as a landmark case in US law today.<ref name="Friedman">{{cite book |last1=Friedman |first1=Lawrence M. |author-link1=Lawrence M. Friedman |title=American Law in the 20th Century |date=2004 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |pages=356–357 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0kZNwJZxRr0C&pg=PA356 |isbn=9780300102994 |access-date=December 11, 2021 |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423112323/https://books.google.com/books?id=0kZNwJZxRr0C&pg=PA356 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="OConnell">{{cite journal|last1=O'Connell|first1=Jeffrey|last2=Linehan|first2=John|editor1-last=Carrington|editor1-first=Paul D.|editor2-last=Jones|editor2-first=Trina|title=The Rise and Fall (and Rise Again?) of Accident Law: A Continuing Saga|journal=Law and Class in America: Trends Since the Cold War|date=2006|pages=349–363|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dMMqAmkAyyYC&pg=PA353|access-date=February 12, 2017 |publisher=New York University Press |location=New York|isbn=9780814716540}}</ref><ref name="Feinman">{{cite book|last1=Feinman|first1=Jay M.|title=Law 101|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780199341696|page=166|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7WfrAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166}}</ref><ref name="Vandall">{{cite book|last1=Vandall|first1=Frank J.|title=A History of Civil Litigation: Political and Economic Perspectives|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780199781096|page=27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vw9pAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27}}</ref><ref name="Goldberg_Page_981">{{cite book |last1=Goldberg |first1=John C.P. |last2=Sebok |first2=Anthony J. |last3=Zipursky |first3=Benjamin C. |last4=Kendrick |first4=Leslie C. |title=Tort Law: Responsibilities and Redress |date=2021 |publisher=Wolters Kluwer |location=New York |isbn=9781543821086 |page=981 |edition=5th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9UeEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1294 |access-date=December 11, 2021 |archive-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423112924/https://books.google.com/books?id=U9UeEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA981 |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Examples====
<gallery widths="150px" heights="200px">
File:ContourBottleConceptSketch.jpg|[[Earl R. Dean]]'s original 1915 concept drawing of the contour Coca-Cola bottle
File:1915 contour Coca-Cola contour bottle prototype.png|The prototype never made it to production since its middle diameter was larger than its base, making it unstable on [[conveyor belt]]s.
File:Coca-Cola 1915 Contour bottle.jpg|Final production version with slimmer middle section
File:6 Coca-Cola bottles.jpg|Numerous historical Coke bottles
</gallery>