Editing Civil Service (United Kingdom) (section)

==Structure==
The structure of the Civil Service is divided into organisations, grades and professions. Each [[Secretary of State (United Kingdom)|Secretary of State]] has a [[Departments of the United Kingdom Government|Department]] which has [[executive agency|executive agencies]] and [[non-departmental public bodies]] subordinate to it.

===Grading schemes===
The grading system used in the civil service has changed many times, and the current structure is made up of two schemes. All senior grades (Deputy Director / Grade 5 level and above) are part of the senior civil service, which is overseen by the [[Cabinet Office]] on behalf of the civil service as a whole. Below the senior civil service, each individual department/executive agency can put in place its own grading and pay arrangements, provided they still comply with the central civil service pay and review guidance.

For other grades many departments overlay their own grading structure, however all these structures must map across to the central government structure as shown below.<ref name=Departmental_Grades>{{cite web|url=http://www.stabilisationunit.gov.uk/attachments/article/178/Civil_Service_Equivalent_Grades.xls |title=Civil Service Equivalent Grades |publisher=UK Civil Service, the Cabinet Office |date=1 February 2010 |access-date=7 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113171759/http://www.stabilisationunit.gov.uk/attachments/article/178/Civil_Service_Equivalent_Grades.xls |archive-date=13 January 2014 }}</ref>

All current grades are marked in {{color box|#ffebd2|''' bold '''}} and historical grade names are shown ''italics''.

{|class="wikitable"
! width="9%" rowspan="2"|Group<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/guidance/using-the-civil-service-jobs-website#civil-service-recruitment|title=Grades and types of work in the Civil Service|publisher=Cabinet Office|access-date=12 June 2016}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Historic names
! width="26%" colspan="3" style='background: #ffebd2' | Current structure<ref name=CS_Grade>{{cite web|url=http://www.civilservice.gov.uk/about/history/grade/index.aspx |title=What's in a grade? |publisher=UK Civil Service, the Cabinet Office |date=1 February 2010 |access-date=7 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628135149/http://www.civilservice.gov.uk/about/history/grade/index.aspx |archive-date=28 June 2010 }}</ref>
! colspan="3" width="39%" |Equivalent military rank<ref name="WDTK_Military_Ranks">{{cite web|url=https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/224302/response/551015/attach/html/3/FOI%202014%2004242.pdf.html |title=Equivalent Civil Service and Military Ranks |publisher=whatdotheyknow.com |date=1 February 2010 |access-date=15 May 2016 }}</ref><br/>(NATO Code)
|-
! Grade<br/>(pre 1971)<ref name="CS_Titles">{{cite web|url=http://www.civilservant.org.uk/information-grades_and_roles.html|title=Civil Servant|publisher=civilservant.org.uk|access-date=15 May 2016}}</ref>
! 1971 unified grading structure<ref name="CS_1971UnifiedGrades">{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldselect/ldpubsrv/055/psrep06.htm#a24|title=PART 3: CHANGES IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE SINCE 1967 (continued)|publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom|at=45|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220085234/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldselect/ldpubsrv/055/psrep06.htm#a24|url-status=dead}}</ref>
! colspan="2" width="13%" | 1996 SCS changes<ref name="CS_1996SCS">{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldselect/ldpubsrv/055/psrep10.htm |title=PART 4: THE CIVIL SERVICE TODAY (continued) |publisher=UK Parliament |website=parliament.uk |at=92 |access-date=4 December 2016 |archive-date=20 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220084546/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldselect/ldpubsrv/055/psrep10.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! width="13%" |SCS bands known as<ref name="CS_Titles"/>
! width="13%" |Royal Navy
! width="13%" |Army
! width="13%" |Royal Air Force
|-
! rowspan="6"| Senior<br>Civil<br>Service
| ''Cabinet Secretary''
|''Grade 1A''
| style='background: #ffebd2' colspan="2" rowspan="2"| '''SCS Pay Band 4'''
| Cabinet Secretary
| Admiral of the Fleet (OF-10)
| Field Marshal (OF-10)
| Marshal of the RAF (OF-10)
|-
| ''Permanent [Under] Secretary''
|''Grade 1''
| Permanent Secretary
|Admiral (OF-9)
|General (OF-9)
|Air Chief Marshal (OF-9)
|-
| ''Deputy [Under] Secretary''
|''Grade 2''
| style='background: #ffebd2' colspan="2" | '''SCS Pay Band 3'''
| [[Director General]]
|Vice Admiral (OF-8)
|Lieutenant General (OF-8)
|Air Marshal (OF-8)
|-
| ''Assistant Under Secretary, latterly Under Secretary or Director General''
|''Grade 3''
| style='background: #ffebd2' colspan="2" | '''SCS Pay Band 2'''
| [[Director (business)|Director]]
|Rear Admiral (OF-7)
|Major General (OF-7)
|Air Vice Marshal (OF-7)
|-
| ''Under Secretary or Superintendent<ref>Grade predominantly used in "Establishments"</ref>'' 
| ''Grade 4''
|  style='background: #ffebd2' colspan="2" rowspan="2" | '''SCS Pay Band 1'''
| rowspan="2"| Director or Deputy Director
| rowspan="2" |Commodore (OF-6)
| rowspan="2" |Brigadier (OF-6)
| rowspan="2" |Air Commodore (OF-6)
|-
|''Assistant Secretary or Director''
|''Grade 5''
|-
! rowspan="3" |Senior Managers
| ''Senior Principal [xxx]'' or ''Deputy Director''
| colspan="4"  style='background: #ffebd2' |'''Grade 6/Band A+'''
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
|''Principal [xxx]'' or ''Assistant Director''
|  style='background: #ffebd2' colspan="4" |'''Grade 7/Band A'''
| Captain (OF-5)
| Colonel (OF-5)
| Group Captain (OF-5)
|-
| colspan="3" |''Assistant Principal [xxx] or ''Deputy Assistant Director''<ref>Lapsed 1974</ref>''
| style='background: #ffebd2' colspan="2" rowspan="2" |'''Senior Executive Officer''' (SEO)/Band B2+
| rowspan="2" |Commander (OF-4)
| rowspan="2" |Lieutenant Colonel (OF-4)
| rowspan="2" |Wing Commander (OF-4)
|-
! rowspan="2" |Middle Managers
| colspan="3" |''Senior xxx Officer (SxO)''
|-
| colspan="3" |''Higher xxx Officer (HxO)''
| style='background: #ffebd2' colspan="2" |'''Higher Executive Officer''' (HEO)/Band B2
| Lieutenant Commander (OF-3)
| Major (OF-3) 
| Squadron Leader (OF-3) 
|-
! rowspan="1" |Junior Managers
| colspan="3" |''xxx Officer (xO) or Industrial Process & General Supervisory Grade E (PGSE)''
| colspan="2" style='background: #ffebd2' |'''Executive Officer''' (EO) or Industrial '''Skill Zone 4'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2129C97E-0743-4D30-9893-6F2904ECF292/0/20101116_narrative_and_payscales.pdf|archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121026065214/www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/2129C97E-0743-4D30-9893-6F2904ECF292/0/20101116_narrative_and_payscales.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 October 2012|title=Ministry of Defence – Supporting Narrative and Pay Scales – 2010|website=National Archives|publisher=Ministry of Defence|access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> (SZ4)
| Lieutenant (OF-2)
| Captain (OF-2) 
| Flight Lieutenant (OF-2) 
|-
! rowspan="4" |Administrative or Support Ranks
| colspan="3" |''Higher Clerical Officer (HCO) or Industrial PGSD''
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" style='background: #ffebd2' |'''Administrative Officer''' (AO) or Industrial '''Skill Zone 3''' (SZ3)
| rowspan="2" | N/A
| rowspan="2" | N/A
| rowspan="2" | N/A
|-
| colspan="3" |''Clerical Officer (CO) or Industrial PGSC''
|-
| colspan="3" |''Clerical Assistant (CA) or Industrial PGSB''
| colspan="2"  style='background: #ffebd2' |'''Administrative Assistant''' (AA) or Industrial '''Skill Zone 2''' (SZ2)
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|-
| colspan="3" |''Industrial PGSA''
| colspan="2"  style='background: #ffebd2' |Industrial '''Skill Zone 1''' (SZ1)
| N/A
| N/A
| N/A
|}

NB – XXX is standing in for

=== Professions ===
The ''lingua franca'' is to describe civil servants, and in particular their grades, predominantly through a lens of administrative activity (as in the current structure of the table above), but in practice the civil service has, and always had, a number of subdivisions, with the Historic Grades having an additional designator (usually omitted for senior managers, but included from middle and junior managers) as shown as "xxx", with the major groupings being:
* Executive ([x]EO)
* Scientific ([x]SO)
* Professional and Technology ([x]PTO)
The Current Structure identifies<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/professions|title=Civil Service professions|date=19 November 2015|access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref> a number of distinct professional groupings:
* Communications and Marketing
* Economics
* Engineering
* Finance
* Human Resources
* Digital, Data and Technology (formerly Information Technology)
* Inspector of Education and Training
* Internal Audit
* Knowledge and Information Management
* Law
* Medicine
* Operational Delivery
* Operational Research
* Policy Delivery
* Procurement and Contract Management
* Programme and Project Management
* Property Asset Management
* Psychology
* Science
* Social Research
* Statistics
* Tax Professionals
* Veterinarian
* Other (for minority groups, such as Investigating Officers)

Recruitment data from the 2018 Civil Service Fast Stream process showed that white applicants were 15 times more likely to be recruited than black candidates.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Martin|first=Amy-Clare|date=2020-07-05|title=White people 15 times more likely than black candidates to get civil service job|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/white-applicants-15-times-more-22305922|access-date=2020-09-02|website=mirror}}</ref>