Editing Carbon monoxide (section)

==Use==

===Chemical industry===
Carbon monoxide is an [[industrial gas]] that has many applications in bulk chemicals manufacturing.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Elschenbroich|first1=C.|title=Organometallics: A Concise Introduction|last2=Salzer|first2=A.|publisher=Wiley-VCH|year=2006|isbn=978-3-527-28165-7|edition=2nd|location=Weinheim}}</ref> Large quantities of aldehydes are produced by the [[hydroformylation]] reaction of [[alkene]]s, carbon monoxide, and {{chem2|H2}}. Hydroformylation is coupled to the [[Shell higher olefin process]] to give precursors to [[detergent]]s.

[[Phosgene]], useful for preparing isocyanates, polycarbonates, and polyurethanes, is produced by passing purified carbon monoxide and [[chlorine]] gas through a bed of porous [[activated carbon]], which serves as a [[catalyst]].  World production of this compound was estimated to be 2.74 million tonnes in 1989.<ref name="Ullmann">{{Ullmann's|author1=Wolfgang Schneider|author2=Werner Diller|title=Phosgene|doi=10.1002/14356007.a19_411}}</ref>
:{{chem2|CO + Cl2 -> COCl2}}
[[Methanol]] is produced by the [[hydrogenation]] of carbon monoxide. In a related reaction, the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide is coupled to C−C bond formation, as in the [[Fischer–Tropsch process]] where carbon monoxide is hydrogenated to liquid hydrocarbon fuels. This technology allows [[coal]] or biomass to be converted to diesel.

In the [[Cativa process]], carbon monoxide and methanol react in the presence of a homogeneous [[iridium]] [[catalyst]] and [[hydroiodic acid]] to give [[acetic acid]]. This process is responsible for most of the industrial production of acetic acid.

===Metallurgy===
{{Main|Metallurgy}}

Carbon monoxide is a strong reductive agent and has been used in [[pyrometallurgy]] to reduce [[metal]]s from [[ore]]s since ancient times. Carbon monoxide strips oxygen off metal oxides, reducing them to pure metal in high temperatures, forming [[carbon dioxide]] in the process. Carbon monoxide is not usually supplied as is, in the gaseous phase, in the reactor, but rather it is formed in high temperature in presence of oxygen-carrying ore, or a carboniferous agent such as coke, and high temperature. The [[blast furnace]] process is a typical example of a process of reduction of metal from ore with carbon monoxide.

Likewise, [[blast furnace gas]] collected at the top of blast furnace, still contains some 10% to 30% of carbon monoxide, and is used as fuel on [[Cowper stove]]s and on Siemens-Martin furnaces on [[open hearth furnace|open hearth steelmaking]].

===Proposed use as a rocket fuel ===
Carbon monoxide has been proposed for use as a fuel on Mars by NASA researcher [[Geoffrey Landis]]. [[Carbon monoxide/oxygen engine]]s have been suggested for early surface transportation use as both carbon monoxide and oxygen can be straightforwardly produced from the carbon dioxide [[atmosphere of Mars]] by [[zirconia]] [[electrolysis]], without using any [[Water on Mars|Martian water resources]] to obtain hydrogen, which would be needed to make methane or any hydrogen-based fuel.<ref name="landis2001">{{cite journal|last=Landis|date=2001|title=Mars Rocket Vehicle Using In Situ Propellants|journal=Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets|volume=38|issue=5|pages=730–735|bibcode=2001JSpRo..38..730L|doi=10.2514/2.3739}}</ref>

Landis also proposed manufacturing the fuel from the similar carbon dioxide atmosphere of Venus for a sample return mission, in combination with solar-powered UAVs and rocket balloon ascent.<ref name="o253">{{cite web |date=2024-01-04 |title=Sample Return from the Surface of Venus |url=https://www.nasa.gov/general/sample-return-from-the-surface-of-venus/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=NASA}}</ref>