Editing Cancer (section)

=== Metabolism ===
{{Main|Tumor metabolome}}

Normal cells typically generate only about 30% of energy from [[glycolysis]],<ref name="pmid23226794">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zheng J | title=Energy metabolism of cancer: Glycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation (Review) | journal=[[Oncology Letters]] | volume=4 | issue=6 | pages=1151–1157 | year=2012  | doi = 10.3892/ol.2012.928 | pmc= 3506713 | pmid=23226794}}</ref> whereas most cancers rely on glycolysis for energy production ([[Warburg effect (oncology)|Warburg effect]]).<ref name="pmid20181022">{{cite journal | vauthors = Seyfried TN, Shelton LM | title=Cancer as a metabolic disease | journal=Nutrition & Metabolism | volume=7 | page=7 | year=2010  | doi = 10.1186/1743-7075-7-7 | pmc= 2845135 | pmid=20181022 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="pmid31781842">{{cite journal | vauthors = Weiss JM | title=The promise and peril of targeting cell metabolism for cancer therapy | journal=[[Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy]] | volume=69 | issue=2 | pages=255–261 | year=2020  | doi = 10.1007/s00262-019-02432-7 | pmc= 7004869 | pmid=31781842}}</ref> But a minority of cancer types rely on [[oxidative phosphorylation]] as the primary energy source, including [[lymphoma]], [[leukemia]], and [[endometrial cancer]].<ref name="pmid33028168">{{cite journal | vauthors = Farhadi P, Yarani R, Dokaneheifard S, Mansouri K  | title = The emerging role of targeting cancer metabolism for cancer therapy | journal = [[Tumor Biology]] | volume = 42 | issue = 10 | page = 1010428320965284 | year = 2020 | doi = 10.1177/1010428320965284 | pmid = 33028168 | s2cid = 222214285 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Even in these cases, however, the use of glycolysis as an energy source rarely exceeds 60%.<ref name=pmid23226794/> A few cancers use [[glutamine]] as the major energy source, partly because it provides nitrogen required for [[nucleotide]] (DNA, RNA) synthesis.<ref name="pmid26771115">{{cite journal | vauthors=Pavlova NN, Thompson CB | title=The Emerging Hallmarks of Cancer Metabolism | journal=[[Cell Metabolism]] | volume=23 | issue=1 | pages=27–47 | year=2016  | doi = 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.006 | pmc= 4715268 | pmid=26771115}}</ref> [[Cancer stem cell]]s often use oxidative phosphorylation or glutamine as a primary energy source.<ref name="pmid32670883">{{cite journal | vauthors=Yadav UP, Singh T, Kumar P, Mehta K | title=Metabolic Adaptations in Cancer Stem Cells | journal=[[Frontiers in Oncology]] | volume=10 | page=1010 | year=2020  | doi = 10.3389/fonc.2020.01010 | pmc= 7330710 | pmid=32670883| doi-access=free }}</ref>