Editing Anatomy (section)

=== Medieval to early modern ===
[[File:Leonardo da Vinci - RCIN 919000, Verso The bones and muscles of the arm c.1510-11.jpg|left|thumb|Anatomical study of the arm, by [[Leonardo da Vinci]], (about 1510)]]
[[File:Charta ex qva figvram parare convenit, illi qvae nervorvm seriem exprimit appendendam, 1543..JPG|thumb|upright|Anatomical chart in [[Vesalius]]'s ''Epitome'', 1543]]

[[File:Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt - Anatomy lesson of Dr. Willem van der Meer.jpg|thumb|right|[[Michiel Jansz van Mierevelt]] – ''Anatomy lesson of Dr. Willem van der Meer'', 1617]]

Anatomy developed little from classical times until the sixteenth century; as the historian Marie Boas writes, "Progress in anatomy before the sixteenth century is as mysteriously slow as its development after 1500 is startlingly rapid".<ref name=Boas>{{cite book | title=The Scientific Renaissance 1450–1630 | publisher=Fontana | author=Boas, Marie | year=1970 |orig-year=first published by Collins, 1962 | pages=120–143}}</ref>{{rp|120–121}} Between 1275 and 1326, the anatomists [[Mondino de Luzzi]], [[Alessandro Achillini]] and [[Antonio Benivieni]] at [[Bologna]] carried out the first systematic human dissections since ancient times.<ref name="ZimmermanVeith1993">{{cite book | last1=Zimmerman | first1=Leo M. | last2=Veith | first2=Ilza | title=Great Ideas in the History of Surgery | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ABbCI7z4UwMC | year=1993 | publisher=Norman | isbn=978-0-930405-53-3 | access-date=31 July 2017 | archive-date=15 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415082135/https://books.google.com/books?id=ABbCI7z4UwMC | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Crombie1959">{{cite book | last=Crombie | first=Alistair Cameron | title=The History of Science From Augustine to Galileo | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bGDScHy1clsC&pg=PA4 | year=1959 | publisher=Courier Dover Publications | isbn=978-0-486-28850-5 | access-date=31 July 2017 | archive-date=9 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409055609/https://books.google.com/books?id=bGDScHy1clsC&pg=PA4 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Thorndike1958">{{cite book | last=Thorndike | first=Lynn | title=A History of Magic and Experimental Science: Fourteenth and fifteenth centuries | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IbvlQFj4YfUC&pg=PA586 | year=1958 | publisher=Columbia University Press | isbn=978-0-231-08797-1 | access-date=31 July 2017 | archive-date=16 April 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416061340/https://books.google.com/books?id=IbvlQFj4YfUC&pg=PA586 | url-status=live }}</ref> Mondino's ''Anatomy'' of 1316 was the first textbook in the medieval rediscovery of human anatomy. It describes the body in the order followed in Mondino's dissections, starting with the abdomen, thorax, head, and limbs. It was the standard anatomy textbook for the next century.<ref name=Boas/>

[[Leonardo da Vinci]] (1452–1519) was trained in anatomy by [[Andrea del Verrocchio]].<ref name=Boas/> He made use of his anatomical knowledge in his artwork, making many sketches of skeletal structures, muscles and organs of humans and other vertebrates that he dissected.<ref name=Boas/><ref>{{cite book | last=Mason | first=Stephen F. | title=A History of the Sciences | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofscience00maso | url-access=registration | publisher=Collier | year=1962 | location = New York | page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofscience00maso/page/550 550]}}</ref>

[[Andreas Vesalius]] (1514–1564), professor of anatomy at the [[University of Padua]], is considered the founder of modern human anatomy.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www2.warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/new_material_from/ | title=Warwick honorary professor explores new material from founder of modern human anatomy | work=Press release | publisher=University of Warwick | access-date=8 July 2013 | archive-date=6 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106231146/https://warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/new_material_from/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Originally from [[Duchy of Brabant|Brabant]], Vesalius published the influential book ''[[De humani corporis fabrica]]'' ("the structure of the human body"), a large format book in seven volumes, in 1543.<ref>Vesalius, Andreas. ''De humani corporis fabrica libri septem''. Basileae [Basel]: ''Ex officina'' Joannis Oporini, 1543.</ref> The accurate and intricately detailed illustrations, often in [[allegorical]] poses against Italianate landscapes, are thought to have been made by the artist [[Jan van Calcar]], a pupil of [[Titian]].<ref>O'Malley, C.D. ''Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514–1564''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964.</ref>

In England, anatomy was the subject of the first public lectures given in any science; these were provided by the [[Barber surgeon|Company of Barbers and Surgeons]] in the 16th century, joined in 1583 by the Lumleian lectures in surgery at the [[Royal College of Physicians]].<ref name=Boas229>{{cite book | title=The Scientific Renaissance 1450–1630 | publisher=Fontana | author=Boas, Marie | year=1970 |orig-year=first published by Collins, 1962 | page=229}}</ref>