Editing Alsace (section)

==Society==

===Demographics===
Alsace's population increased to 1,919,745 in 2021.<ref name=pop /> It has regularly increased over time, except in wartime and shortly after the German annexation of 1871 (when many Alsatians who had opted to keep their French citizenship emigrated to France), by both natural growth and [[human migration|immigration]]. High population growth during the post-WW2 economic boom of the ''[[Trente Glorieuses]]'' ended after the 1973 oil crisis. Demographic growth picked up again in the 1990s and 2000s. But by the 2010s, Alsace had entered a new period of slow demographic growth, though the Strasbourg area had become one of France's fastest growing regions.

{{Historical populations
| title= Historical population of Alsace<br>(within the borders set in 1871)
| percentages = pagr
| align = none
| cols = 2
| graph-pos = bottom
| footnote = Sources: French and German censuses (1806-1871),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/ |title=Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui|author=[[EHESS]] |access-date=2023-02-10}}</ref> (1876–2021),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#c=indicator&i=pop_depuis_1876.pop&s=2019&t=A01&view=map2 |title=Statistiques locales - Population municipale (historique depuis 1876)|author=INSEE |author-link=INSEE |access-date=2023-02-10}}</ref><ref name=pop />
|1806 | 751008
|1821 | 843973
|1831 | 933828
|1836.29 | 976478
|1841.29 | 989477
|1846.37 | 1031360
|1851.37 | 1043859
|1856.13 | 1028446
|1861.2 | 1057647
|1866.2 | 1082193
|1871.9178 | 1059240
|1875.9178 | 1051554
|1880.9179 | 1073954
|1885.918 | 1074626
|1890.9181 | 1093114
|1895.9182 | 1116086
|1900.9183 | 1154641
|1905.9184 | 1198774
|1910.9185 | 1218544
|1921.180822 | 1120629
|1926.180822 | 1161639   
|1931.180822 | 1204968
|1936.180822 | 1219381 
|1946.180822 | 1144986
|1954.356164 | 1217581
|1962.180822 | 1318070
|1968.180822 | 1412385
|1975.139726 | 1517330
|1982.180822 | 1566048
|1990.180822 | 1624372
|1999.180822 | 1734145
|2009 | 1843053
|2015 | 1879265
|2021 | 1919745
}}

====Immigration====
At the 2018 census, 69.9% of the inhabitants of Alsace were natives of Alsace, 16.0% were born in the rest of [[Metropolitan France]], 0.5% were born in [[Overseas France]], and 13.7% were born in foreign countries.<ref name=immig_1>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6023301?sommaire=2414232 |title=Données harmonisées des recensements de la population 1968–2018 |author=[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]] |access-date=2022-02-11|language=fr}}</ref> Nearly 44% of the immigrants come from Europe, in particular from Germany (natives of Germany residing in Alsace where housing is cheaper), Italy, Portugal and Serbia.<ref name=immig_67>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/5397751?sommaire=5397790&geo=DEP-67 |title=IMG1B - Population immigrée par sexe, âge et pays de naissance en 2018 - Département du Bas-Rhin (67)|author=[[INSEE]]|access-date=2013-02-10|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=immig_68>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/5397751?sommaire=5397790&geo=DEP-68 |title=IMG1B - Population immigrée par sexe, âge et pays de naissance en 2018 - Département du Haut-Rhin (68)|author=[[INSEE]]|access-date=2013-02-10|language=fr}}</ref> Since 2008, the number of Turkish immigrants living in Alsace has declined, whereas the number of Maghreban immigrants has risen less than the number of European immigrants.<ref name=immg_2008>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2020046?sommaire=2133781&geo=REG-42 |title=IMG1B - Population immigrée par sexe, âge et pays de naissance en 2008|author=[[INSEE]]|access-date=2013-02-10|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=immig_67 /><ref name=immig_68 /> The fastest growing groups of immigrants are those from Asia and from sub-Saharan Africa.<ref name=immg_2008 /><ref name=immig_67 /><ref name=immig_68 />

{| width="720px" rules="all" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="border: 2px solid #999"
|+ style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"| Place of birth of residents of Alsace<br /><small>(at the 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990, 1999, 2008, 2013, and 2018 censuses)</small>
| align=center| '''Census''' ||align=center| '''{{nowrap|Born in Alsace}}''' || align=center | '''{{nowrap|Born in the rest of}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Metropolitan France]]}}''' || align=center | '''{{nowrap|Born in}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Overseas France]]}}''' || align=center | '''{{nowrap|Born in foreign}}<br />{{nowrap|countries with French}}<br />{{nowrap|citizenship at birth}}'''{{ref|note1|[a]}}|| align=center colspan=4| '''Immigrants'''{{ref|note2|[b]}}
|-
| align=center rowspan=3| 2018 || align=center rowspan=3| 69.9% || align=center rowspan=3| 16.0% || align=center rowspan=3| 0.5% || align=center rowspan=3| 2.2% || align=center colspan=4| 11.6%
|-
| align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from Europe}}</small>''' || align=center | <small>'''{{nowrap|from the Maghreb}}'''{{ref|note3|[c]}}</small> || align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from Turkey}}</small>''' || align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from the rest of the world}}</small>'''
|-
| align=center | <small>5.1%</small> || align=center | <small>2.6%</small> || align=center | <small>1.5%</small> || align=center | <small>2.4%</small>
|-
| align=center rowspan=3| 2013 || align=center rowspan=3| 71.1% || align=center rowspan=3| 15.4% || align=center rowspan=3| 0.4% || align=center rowspan=3| 2.3% || align=center colspan=4| 10.8%
|-
| align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from Europe}}</small>''' || align=center | <small>'''{{nowrap|from the Maghreb}}'''{{ref|note3|[c]}}</small> || align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from Turkey}}</small>''' || align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from the rest of the world}}</small>'''
|-
| align=center | <small>4.8%</small> || align=center | <small>2.5%</small> || align=center | <small>1.6%</small> || align=center | <small>2.0%</small>
|-
| align=center rowspan=3| 2008 || align=center rowspan=3| 71.8% || align=center rowspan=3| 15.3% || align=center rowspan=3| 0.4% || align=center rowspan=3| 2.3% || align=center colspan=4| 10.3%
|-
| align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from Europe}}</small>''' || align=center | <small>'''{{nowrap|from the Maghreb}}'''{{ref|note3|[c]}}</small> || align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from Turkey}}</small>''' || align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from the rest of the world}}</small>'''
|-
| align=center | <small>4.5%</small> || align=center | <small>2.4%</small> || align=center | <small>1.6%</small> || align=center | <small>1.8%</small>
|-
| align=center rowspan=3| 1999 || align=center rowspan=3| 73.6% || align=center rowspan=3| 15.4% || align=center rowspan=3| 0.4% || align=center rowspan=3| 2.1% || align=center colspan=4| 8.5%
|-
| align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from Europe}}</small>''' || align=center | <small>'''{{nowrap|from the Maghreb}}'''{{ref|note3|[c]}}</small> || align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from Turkey}}</small>''' || align=center | '''<small>{{nowrap|from the rest of the world}}</small>'''
|-
| align=center | <small>4.2%</small> || align=center | <small>1.9%</small> || align=center | <small>1.3%</small> || align=center | <small>1.1%</small>
|-
| align=center| 1990 || align=center | 75.9% || align=center | 13.4% || align=center | 0.3% || align=center | 2.4% || align=center colspan=4| 7.9%
|-
| align=center| 1982 || align=center | 76.8% || align=center | 12.5% || align=center | 0.3% || align=center | 2.6% || align=center colspan=4| 7.8%
|-
| align=center| 1975 || align=center | 78.3% || align=center | 11.6% || align=center | 0.2% || align=center | 2.6% || align=center colspan=4| 7.3%
|-
| align=center| 1968 || align=center | 81.7% || align=center | 9.8% || align=center | 0.1% || align=center | 2.8% || align=center colspan=4| 5.6%
|-
| align=left colspan=10| <small>{{note|note1|a}}Persons born abroad of French parents, such as [[Pieds-Noirs]] and children of French expatriates.</small><br /><small>{{note|note2|b}}An immigrant is by French definition a person born in a foreign country and who did not have French citizenship at birth. Note that an immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still listed as an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants.</small><br /><small>{{note|note3|c}}[[Morocco]], [[Tunisia]], [[Algeria]]</small>
|-
| align=center colspan=10| Source: INSEE<ref name=immig_1 /><ref name=immig_67 /><ref name=immig_68 /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2020942?sommaire=2106113&geo=REG-42 |title=IMG1B - Population immigrée par sexe, âge et pays de naissance en 2013 - Région d'Alsace (42)|author=[[INSEE]]|access-date=2013-02-10|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=immg_2008 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.recensement-1999.insee.fr/default.asp?asp_action=produit&c_typeprod=BDD&c_prod=D_FD_IMG2&c_theme=IMG&c_codgeo=2&c_nivgeo=F|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012011111/http://www.recensement-1999.insee.fr/default.asp?asp_action=produit&c_typeprod=BDD&c_prod=D_FD_IMG2&c_theme=IMG&c_codgeo=2&c_nivgeo=F|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 October 2013|title=D_FD_IMG2 – Base France par départements – Lieux de naissance à l'étranger selon la nationalité|author=[[INSEE]]|access-date=26 June 2013|language=fr}}</ref>
|}

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Alsace<ref>[https://archive.today/20120801155356/http://www.eurel.info/FR/index.php?rubrique=87&pais=5] Géographie réligieuse: France</ref>
|titlebar=
|left1=religion
|right1=percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Catholic]]|DodgerBlue|70}}
{{bar percent|[[Protestant]]|DarkViolet|17}}
{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|black|8}}
{{bar percent|Other faith|green|5}}
}}
[[File:St Stephen's Church Mulhouse FRA 001.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Temple Saint-Étienne]]'' (architect [[Jean-Baptiste Schacre]]), the main [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] church of [[Mulhouse]]]]
Alsace is generally seen as the most religious of all the French regions. Most of the Alsatian population is [[Roman Catholic]], but, largely because of the region's [[Culture of Germany|German]] heritage, a significant [[Protestant]] community also exists: today, the [[Protestant Church of Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine|EPCAAL]] (a Lutheran church) is France's second largest Protestant church, also forming an administrative union ([[Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine|UEPAL]]) with the much smaller Calvinist [[Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine|EPRAL]]. Unlike the rest of France, the [[Local law in Alsace–Moselle]] still provides for the [[Napoleon]]ic [[Concordat of 1801]] and the [[organic articles]], which provides public subsidies to the Roman Catholic, [[Lutheran]], and [[Calvinist]] churches, as well as to Jewish synagogues; religion classes in one of these faiths are compulsory in public schools. The divergence in policy from the French majority is because the region was part of [[Imperial Germany]] when the [[1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State|1905 law separating the French church and state was instituted]] (for a more comprehensive history, see [[Alsace–Lorraine]]). Controversy erupts periodically on the appropriateness of that legal disposition, as well as on the exclusion of other religions from the arrangement.

Following the [[Protestant Reformation]], promoted by the local reformer [[Martin Bucer]], the principle of ''[[cuius regio, eius religio]]'' led to a certain amount of religious diversity in the highlands of northern Alsace. Landowners, who as "local lords" had the right to decide the religion that was allowed on their land, were eager to entice populations from the more attractive lowlands to settle and develop their property. Many accepted without discrimination Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Jews and [[Anabaptists]]. [[wikt:multiconfessional|Multiconfessional]] villages appeared, particularly in the region of [[Alsace bossue]]. Alsace became one of the French regions boasting a thriving [[History of the Jews in Alsace|Jewish community]] and the only region with a noticeable Anabaptist population. [[Philipp Jakob Spener]] who founded [[Pietism]] was born in Alsace. The schism of the [[Amish]] under the lead of [[Jacob Amman]] from the [[Mennonite]]s occurred in 1693 in [[Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines]]. The strongly Catholic [[Louis XIV]] tried in vain to drive them from Alsace. When [[Napoleon]] imposed military conscription without religious exception, most emigrated to the American continent.

In 1707, the [[wikt:simultaneum|simultaneum]] forced many Reformed and Lutheran church buildings to also allow Catholic services. About 50 such "simultaneous churches" still exist in modern Alsace, but with the Catholic church's general lack of priests, they tend to hold Catholic services only occasionally.