Editing Academy (section)

===Academies of the arts===
The [[Académie de peinture et de sculpture]] in Paris, established by the monarchy in 1648 (later renamed) was the most significant of the artistic academies, running the famous [[Salon (Paris)|Salon]] exhibitions from 1725. Artistic academies were established all over Europe by the end of the 18th century, and many, like the [[Akademie der Künste]] in Berlin (founded 1696), the [[Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando]] in Madrid (founded 1744), the [[Imperial Academy of Arts]] in Saint Petersburg (1757), the [[Royal Academy]] in London (1768) and the [[Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera]] in Milan (1776) still run art schools and hold large exhibitions, although their influence on taste greatly declined from the late 19th century.

A fundamental feature of academic discipline in the artistic academies was regular practice in making accurate drawings from antiquities, or from casts of antiquities, on the one hand, and on the other, in deriving inspiration from the other fount, the human form. Students assembled in sessions [[Figure drawing|drawing the draped and undraped human form]], and such drawings, which survive in the tens of thousands from the 17th through the 19th century, are termed {{Lang|fr|'''académies'''}} in French.

Similar institutions were often established for other arts: Rome had the [[Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia|Accademia di Santa Cecilia]] for music from 1585; Paris had the [[Académie Royale de Musique]] from 1669 and the [[Académie Royale d'Architecture]] from 1671.