Editing Abolitionism (section)

=== Cuba and Brazil ===
Brazil and Cuba abolished slavery in 1888. While actors like [[Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda]] in Brazil and {{ill|Adelina Charuteira|fr|Adelina, la cigarière|pt|Adelina, a charuteira}} in Cuba worked to end slavery, it was enslaved people themselves who worked daily to chip away at enslavers' local authority.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Chira |first=Adriana |title=Patchwork Freedoms: Law, Slavery, and Race beyond Cuba's Plantations |publisher=Cambridge: Cambrisge University Press |year=2022 |isbn=978-1108499545 |pages=4, 29}}</ref> These actions have at times been dismissed because they were small actions, but historian Adriana Chira argues that while "These freedoms were patchwork, often incomplete when measured against liberal - abolitionist yardsticks, precarious and even reversible" the action " . . . were very concrete, and in the long term, they served to corrode the legal structures of plantation slavery locally."<ref name=":3" /> These actions included marronage and maroon societies that undermined the authority of enslavers in Brazil and legal challenges relying on the legal history of Spain in Cuba. These practices are regionally specific based on the legal customs of the region that enslaved people knew well from centuries of interactions with Iberian slave laws. A key avenue for these legal arguments was the prominence of "lo extrajudicial", a field of legal interactions adjacent to a lawsuit explained by historian Bianca Premo as consisting of out-of-court settlements, public revelations, and face-to-face encounters.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Premo |first=Bianca |title=The Uses of Justice in Global Perspective, 1600–1900 |publisher=Routledge |year=2019 |editor-last=Vermeesch |editor-first=Griet |location=New York |pages=183–197 |chapter=Lo extrajudicial: Between Court and Community in the Spanish Empire}}</ref><ref name=":3" />