Editing 1988 Summer Olympics (section)

==Doping==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:98%;"
|-
! style="width:150px;"|Name
! style="width:115px;"|Country
! style="width:115px;"|Sport
! style="width:180px;"|Banned substance
! style="width:180px;"|Medals
! style="width:30px;"|Ref.
|-
|[[Ali Dad]]
|{{flagIOC|AFG|1988 Summer}}
|[[Wrestling at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]]
|[[Furosemide]]
|
|
|-
|[[Kerrith Brown]]
|{{flagIOC|GBR|1988 Summer}}
|[[Judo at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Judo]]
|[[Furosemide]]
|{{Bronze3}} (71&nbsp;kg)
|<ref name=BrownDQ>[https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1028410/brown-steps-down-as-british-judo-association-chairman-to-become-president-of-ufc-partner-immaf Brown steps down as British Judo Association chairman to become President of UFC partner IMMAF]</ref>
|-
|[[Kalman Csengeri]]
|{{flagIOC|HUN|1988 Summer}}
|[[Weightlifting at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]]
|[[Stanozolol]]
|
|
|-
|[[Mitko Grablev]]
|{{flagIOC|BUL|1988 Summer}}
|[[Weightlifting at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]]
|[[Furosemide]]
|{{Gold1}} (56&nbsp;kg)
|
|-
|[[Angell Guenchev]]
|{{flagIOC|BUL|1988 Summer}}
|[[Weightlifting at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]]
|[[Furosemide]]
|{{Gold1}} (67.5&nbsp;kg)
|
|-
|[[Ben Johnson (Canadian sprinter)|Ben Johnson]]
|{{flagIOC|CAN|1988 Summer}}
|[[Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Athletics]]
|[[Stanozolol]]
|{{Gold1}} (men's 100 m)
|<ref name="Beijing 2015 statistics handbook">{{cite book |last=Butler|first=Mark |date=2015 |title=IAAF World Championships Beijing 2015 Statistics Handbook |url=http://iaaf-ebooks.s3.amazonaws.com/2015/Beijing-2015-Statistics-Handbook/index.htm |location=Monaco |publisher=IAAF |chapter=Doping violations Olympic Athletics|pages=419–420}}</ref>
|-
|[[Fernando Mariaca]]
|{{flagIOC|ESP|1988 Summer}}
|[[Weightlifting at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]]
|[[Pemoline]]
|
|
|-
|[[Jorge Quesada]]
|{{flagIOC|ESP|1988 Summer}}
|[[Modern pentathlon at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Modern pentathlon]]
|[[Propranolol]]
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|-
|[[Andor Szanyi]]
|{{flagIOC|HUN|1988 Summer}}
|[[Weightlifting at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]]
|[[Stanozolol]]
|{{Silver2}} (100&nbsp;kg)
|
|-
|[[Alex Watson (pentathlete)|Alexander Watson]]
|{{flagIOC|AUS|1988 Summer}}
|[[Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics|Modern Pentathlon]]
|[[Caffeine]]
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|
|}

In 2003, Wade Exum, the United States Olympic Committee's director of drug control administration from 1991 to 2000, released documents that showed Carl Lewis had tested [[Use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport|positive]] three times at the 1988 United States Olympic trials for minimum amounts of [[pseudoephedrine]], [[ephedrine]], and [[phenylpropanolamine]], which were banned [[stimulant]]s. [[Bronchodilator]]s are also found in cold medication. Due to the rules, his case could have led to disqualification from the Seoul Olympics and suspension from competition for six months. The levels of the combined stimulants registered in the separate tests were 2 [[Parts-per notation|ppm]], 4 ppm and 6 ppm.<ref name=":0d">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-apr-23-sp-oly23-story.html|title=Just a Dash of Drugs in Lewis, DeLoach|work=Los Angeles Times|date=April 23, 2003|author=Abrahamson, Alan|access-date=October 10, 2019}}</ref> Lewis defended himself, claiming that he had accidentally consumed the banned substances. After the supplements that he had taken were analyzed to prove his claims, the USOC accepted his claim of inadvertent use, since a dietary supplement he ingested was found to contain "Ma huang", the Chinese name for [[Ephedra (plant)|Ephedra]] (ephedrine is known to help weight loss).<ref name=":0d"/> Fellow Santa Monica Track Club teammates Joe DeLoach and Floyd Heard were also found to have the same banned stimulants in their systems, and were cleared to compete for the same reason.<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Pete McEntegart|url=https://www.si.com/vault/2003/04/14/341393/scorecard|title=Scorecard|magazine=Sports Illustrated|date=April 14, 2003}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/carl-lewiss-positive-test-covered-up-20030418-gdgmdt.html|title=Carl Lewis's positive test covered up|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=April 18, 2003|access-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> The highest level of the stimulants Lewis recorded was 6 ppm, which was regarded as a positive test in 1988 but is now regarded as negative test. The acceptable level has been raised to ten parts per million for ephedrine and twenty-five parts per million for other substances.<ref name=":0d"/><ref>Wallechinsky and Loucky, The Complete Book of the Olympics (2012 edition), page 61.</ref> According to the IOC rules at the time, positive tests with levels lower than 10 ppm were cause of further investigation but not immediate ban. Neal Benowitz, a professor of medicine at UC San Francisco who is an expert on ephedrine and other stimulants, agreed that "These [levels] are what you'd see from someone taking cold or allergy medicines and are unlikely to have any effect on performance."<ref name=":0d"/> Following Exum's revelations the IAAF acknowledged that at the 1988 Olympic Trials the USOC indeed followed the correct procedures in dealing with eight positive findings for ephedrine and ephedrine-related compounds in low concentration. Additionally, in 1988 the federation reviewed the relevant documents with the athletes' names undisclosed and stated that "the medical committee felt satisfied, however, on the basis of the information received that the cases had been properly concluded by the USOC as 'negative cases' in accordance with the rules and regulations in place at the time and no further action was taken".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://157.166.224.103/athletics/news/2003/04/30/iaaf_doping_ap/|title=IAAF: USOC followed rules over dope tests|date=April 30, 2003|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201150836/http://157.166.224.103/athletics/news/2003/04/30/iaaf_doping_ap/ |archive-date=February 1, 2014|df=mdy}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-may-01-sp-oly1-story.html |title=USOC's Actions on Lewis Justified by IAAF |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 1, 2003 |last=Abrahamson |first=Alan}}</ref>