Editing Zhejiang (section)

==Economy==
[[File:04 Zhejiang tea 05.1987.jpg|thumb|Harvesting tea leaves, Zhejiang province, May 1987]]
[[File:Dayu Bay - YuAo Cun - P1210476.JPG|thumb|Yu'ao, a fishing village on Dayu Bay in South Zhejiang ([[Cangnan County]])]]

Zhejiang is one of the richest and most developed provinces in China. {{As of|2022}}, its [[Gross domestic product|nominal GDP]] was [[United States dollar|US$]]1.15 trillion ([[Renminbi|CN¥]] 7.77 trilion), about 6.42% of the country's GDP and ranked [[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP|4th]] among [[Administrative divisions of China|province-level administrative units]]; the province's primary, secondary and tertiary industries were worth CN¥232.48 billion (US$34.56 billion), CN¥3.3205 trillion (US$493.67 billion) and CN¥4.2185 trillion (US$627.18 billion) respectively.<ref name="GDPdata" /> Its nominal GDP per capita was US$17,617 (CN¥118,496) and ranked the [[List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita|6th]] in the country. The private sector in the province has been playing an increasingly important role in boosting the regional economy since [[Chinese economic reform|Economic Reform]] in 1978.<ref name="GDPdata" /> Zhejiang is generally regarded as having one of the strongest private sectors among Chinese provinces and its local governments typically adopt permissive business policies.<ref name=":26">{{Cite book |last=Ang |first=Yuen Yuen |url= |title=How China Escaped the Poverty Trap |date=2016 |publisher=[[Cornell University Press]] |isbn=978-1-5017-0020-0 |doi= |jstor=10.7591/j.ctt1zgwm1j |author-link=Yuen Yuen Ang}}</ref>{{Rp|page=186}}

Zhejiang's main manufacturing sectors are electromechanical industries, [[textiles]], chemical industries, food and construction materials. In recent years Zhejiang has followed its own development model, dubbed the "Zhejiang model", which is based on prioritizing and encouraging entrepreneurship, an emphasis on small businesses responsive to the whims of the market, large public investments into [[infrastructure]], and the production of low-cost goods in bulk for both domestic consumption and export. As a result, Zhejiang has made itself one of the richest provinces and the "Zhejiang spirit" has become something of a legend within China. However, some economists now worry that this model is not sustainable, in that it is inefficient and places unreasonable demands on raw materials and public utilities, and also a dead end, in that the myriad small businesses in Zhejiang producing cheap goods in bulk are unable to move to more sophisticated or technologically more advanced industries.<ref name="thechinaperspective.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/zhejiang-province/|title=Zhejiang Province 浙江|publisher=The China Perspective|date=2013-09-06|access-date=2013-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008045925/http://thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/zhejiang-province/|archive-date=8 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> The economic heart of Zhejiang is moving from North Zhejiang, centered on Hangzhou, southeastward to the region centered on Wenzhou and Taizhou.<ref name=wiley/> The [[Per-Capita Disposable Income|per capita disposable income]] of urbanites in Zhejiang reached 55,574 yuan (US$8,398) in 2018, an annual real growth of 8.4%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents stood at 27,302 yuan (US$4,126), a real growth of 9.4%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/was40/gjtjj_detail.jsp?channelid=4362&record=12|script-title=zh:2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报|publisher=Stats.gov.cn|access-date=2013-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100530075121/http://www.stats.gov.cn/was40/gjtjj_detail.jsp?channelid=4362&record=12|archive-date=30 May 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="10"| '''Historical GDP of Zhejiang Province for 1978–present'''<ref name="GDPdata" /><br />(purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as [[Geary–Khamis dollar|Int'l. dollar]] based on IMF WEO April 2023<ref>{{cite web| author = International Monetary Fund| url = https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April| title = World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023| publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]]}}</ref>)
|- align=center
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"| year
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="4"| '''GDP'''
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| '''GDP per capita (GDPpc)<br />''' ''based on mid-year population ''
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| '''Reference index'''
|- align=center
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| GDP  ''in millions''
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"| real<br />growth<br />(%)
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| GDPpc
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"| exchange rate<br />''1 foreign currency<br /> to CNY ''
|- align=center
||[[Renminbi|CNY]]
||[[United States dollar|USD]]
||[[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]<br />([[Geary–Khamis dollar|Int'l$.]])
||CNY
||USD
||PPP<br />(Int'l$.)
||USD 1
||Int'l$. 1<br />(PPP)
|- align=right
||2022||7,771.54||1,115,543||1,925,555||3.1||118,496||17,617||29,360||6.7261||4.036
|- align=right
||2021||7,404.08||1,114,765||1,772,583||8.7||113,839||17,645||27,254||6.4515||4.177
|- align=right
||2020||6,468.91||937,717||1,526,046||3.6||100,738||14,605||23,765||6.8976||4.239
|- align=right
||2019||6,246.20||900,544||1,472,813||6.8||98,770||14,318||23,289||6.8985||4.241
|- align=right
||2018||5,800.28||876,520||1,371,873||7.1||93,230||14,089||22,051||6.6174||4.228
|- align=right
||2017||5,240.31||776,135||1,252,461||7.8||85,612||12,680||20,462||6.7518||4.184
|- align=right
||2016||4,725.40||711,410||1,184,608||7.5||78,384||11,801||19,650||6.6423||3.989
|- align=right
||2015||4,350.77||698,537||1,123,940||8.0||73,276||11,765||18,929||6.2284||3.871
|- align=right
||2014||4,002.35||651,551||1,064,738||7.7||68,569||11,162||18,241||6.1428||3.759
|- align=right
||2013||3,733.46||602,283||1,018,957||8.3||65,105||10,512||17,769||6.1932||3.664
|- align=right
||2012||3,438.24||544,672||965,527||8.1||61,097||9,679||17,157||6.3125||3.561
|- align=right
||2011||3,185.48||493,200||903,939||9.0||57,828||8,953||16,410||6.4588||3.524
|- align=right
||2010||2,739.99||404,755||823,809||11.9||51,110||7,550||15,367||6.7695||3.326
|- align=right
||2005||1,302.83||159,043||454,264||12.9||26,277||3,208||9,162||8.1917||2.868
|- align=right
||2000||616.48||74,468||225,896||11.0||13,467||1,627||4,935||8.2784||2.729
|- align=right
||1995||356.39||42,676||129,927||16.8||8,144||975||2,969||8.3510||2.743
|- align=right
||1990||90.46||18,914||53,136||3.9||2,138||447||1,256||4.7832||1.712
|- align=right
||1985||42.91||14,614||30,617||21.7||1,067||363||761||2.9366||1.404
|- align=right
||1980||17.99||12,007||12,031||16.4||471||314||315||1.4984||1.500
|- align=right
||1978||12.37||7,349||||21.9||331||197||||1.6836||
|}

Zhejiang was the first province to pilot a [[common prosperity]] pilot program.<ref name=":Zhang">{{Cite book |last=Zhang |first=Angela Huyue |title=High Wire: How China Regulates Big Tech and Governs Its Economy |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2024 |isbn=9780197682258 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197682258.001.0001}}</ref>{{Rp|page=166}}

Traditionally, the province is known as the "Land of Fish and Rice." True to its name, [[rice]] is the main crop, followed by [[wheat]]; north Zhejiang is also a center of [[aquaculture]] in China, and the [[Zhoushan]] fishery is the largest [[fishery]] in the country. The main cash crops include [[jute]] and [[cotton]] and the province also leads the provinces of China in [[tea]] production. (The renowned [[Longjing tea]] is a product of Hangzhou.) Zhejiang's towns have been known for handicraft production of goods such as [[silk]], for which it is ranked second among the provinces. Its many market towns connect the cities with the countryside.

In 1832, the province was exporting silk, paper, fans, pencils, wine, [[dates (fruit)|dates]], tea and "golden-flowered" [[ham]]s.<ref name=Roberts1>{{cite book|last=Roberts|first=Edmund|title=Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat|year=1837|publisher=Harper & Brothers|location=New York|page=122|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7317/view/1/122/|access-date=16 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016064127/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7317/view/1/122/|archive-date=16 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Zhejiang has been leading the digital economy development in China, in recent years, the provincial economy has been boosted by the economic surge brought by internet corporations such as Alibaba and NetEase.<ref>{{Cite web |title=杭州为什么被称为互联网之城-杭州：中国互联网中心 |url=http://www.hivpaper.cn/zxzx/28120.html |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=www.hivpaper.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=浙江：数字经济"一号工程"激发"澎湃动力"-新华网 |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2019-07/29/c_1124812877.htm |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=www.xinhuanet.com}}</ref>

{{See also|Pearl farming in China}}

Ningbo, Wenzhou, [[Taizhou, Zhejiang|Taizhou]] and Zhoushan are important commercial ports. The [[Hangzhou Bay Bridge]] between [[Haiyan County, Zhejiang|Haiyan County]] and [[Cixi City|Cixi]], is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world.

===Economic and Technological Development Zones===
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2020}}
* Huzhou Economic Development Zone
* Dinghai Industrial Park
* Hangzhou Economic & Technological Developing Area
* Hangzhou New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
* Hangzhou Export Processing Zone
* Hangzhou Zhijiang National Tourist Holiday Resort
* Jiaxing Export Processing Zone
* Ningbo Economic and Technical Development Zone
* Ningbo Daxie Island Development Zone
* Ningbo Free Trade Zone
* Ningbo Export Processing Zone
* Quzhou Industrial Park
* Shenjia Economic and Technological Development Zone
* Wenzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone
* Xiaoshan Economic and Technological Development Zone
* Zhejiang Quzhou Hi-Tech Park
* Zhejiang Zhoushan Economic Development Zone
* Zhejiang Donggang Economic Development Zone
* [[Yuhuan Economic Development Zone|Zhejiang Yuhuan Economic Development Zone]]

===Economic and technological development concerns===
====Waste disposal====
On Thursday, September 15, 2011, more than 500 people from Hongxiao Village protested over the large-scale [[water pollution in China|death of fish in a nearby river]]. Angry protesters stormed the Zhejiang [[Jinko Solar]] Company factory compound, overturned eight company vehicles, and destroyed the offices before police came to disperse the crowd. Protests continued on the two following nights with reports of scuffles, officials said. Chen Hongming, a deputy head of [[Haining City|Haining]]'s environmental protection bureau, said the factory's waste disposal had failed  pollution tests since April. The environmental watchdog had warned the factory, but it had not effectively controlled the pollution, Chen added.<ref>{{cite news
|title= Protest over factory pollution in E China enters third day
|url= http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-09/18/content_13727154.htm
|agency= [[Xinhua]]
|newspaper= [[China Daily]]
|date= 18 September 2011
|access-date= 19 September 2011
|quote= Hangzhou - Hundreds of villagers in East China's Zhejiang Province protested for the third day on Saturday at a solar panel manufacturer, whose parent is a New York-listed firm, over concerns of its harmful wastes.
|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110919095015/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-09/18/content_13727154.htm
|archive-date= 19 September 2011
|url-status= live
}}</ref>