Editing Yerevan (section)

==Geography==
===Topography and cityscape===
[[File:Yerevan in Armenia.svg|thumb|left|Plan of Yerevan in Armenia]]
[[File:Hrazdan river - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|[[Hrazdan River]] flowing through Yerevan]]
Yerevan has an average height of {{convert|990|m|2|abbr=on}}, with a minimum of {{convert|865|m|2|abbr=on}} and a maximum of {{convert|1390|m|2|abbr=on}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] in its southwestern and northeastern sections, respectively.<ref name="Azatian">{{in lang|hy|ru}} V. Azatian et T. Hakopian, ''Երևան Ереван Yerevan'', ИПО Parberakan, Erevan, 1989, p. 284.</ref> It is among the fifty highest cities in the world with over 1 million inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wallach|first=Omri|date=2020-10-30|title=The 50 Highest Cities in the World|url=https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-50-highest-cities-in-the-world/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Visual Capitalist|language=en-US|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108163207/https://www.visualcapitalist.com/the-50-highest-cities-in-the-world/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Yerevan is located on the banks of the [[Hrazdan River]], northeast of the [[Ararat Plain]], in the central-western part of the country. The upper part of the city is surrounded with mountains on three sides while it descends to the banks of the river [[Hrazdan River|Hrazdan]] at the south. The Hrazdan divides Yerevan into two parts through a picturesque canyon.

[[File:Երեւանի համայնապատկեր արշալոյսին.JPG|thumb|right|Yerevan is situated in the northeastern part of the Ararat Plain.]]
The city is situated at the heart of the [[Armenian Highland]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Brunn|first1=Stanley D.|last2=Toops|first2=Stanley W.|last3=Gilbreath|first3=Richard|title=The Routledge Atlas of Central Eurasian Affairs|date=2012-08-21|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136310478|page=52|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2oubq9yIE_oC&pg=PA52|language=en|access-date=30 June 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801072753/https://books.google.com/books?id=2oubq9yIE_oC&pg=PA52|url-status=live}}</ref> Historically, Yerevan was located in the Kotayk canton ({{langx|hy|Կոտայք գավառ}} ''Kotayk gavar'', not to be confused with the current [[Kotayk Province]]) of the [[Ayrarat]] province of historic [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Armenia Major]].

According to the current administrative division of Armenia, Yerevan is not part of any ''[[Administrative divisions of Armenia|marz]]'' ("province") and has special administrative status as the country's capital. It is bordered by [[Kotayk Province]] to the north and the east, [[Ararat Province]] to the south and the south-west, [[Armavir Province]] to the west and [[Aragatsotn Province]] to the north-west.

The [[Erebuni State Reserve]], formed in 1981, is located around 8&nbsp;km southeast of the city centre within the [[Erebuni District]] of the city. At a height between 1300 and 1450 meters above sea level, the reserve occupies an area of 120 hectares, mainly consisting of semi-deserted mountain-steppes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.am/arm/news/274751.html|title="Էրեբունի" պետական արգելոցի տարածքն ընդլայնվում է|website=news.am|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617065846/https://news.am/arm/news/274751.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Climate===
[[File:Yerevan 2012 February.JPG|thumb|Winter view of Yerevan]]
Yerevan features a [[continental climate|continental]] influenced [[steppe climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''BSk'' or "cold semi-arid climate", [[Trewartha climate classification]] ''BSao''), with long, hot, dry summers and short, but cold and snowy winters. This is attributed to Yerevan being on a plain surrounded by mountains and to its distance from the sea and its moderating effects. The summers are usually very hot with the temperature in August reaching up to {{convert|40|°C|0|abbr=on}}, and winters generally carry snowfall and freezing temperatures with January often being as cold as {{convert|-15|°C|0|abbr=on}} and lower. The amount of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] is small, amounting annually to about {{convert|318|mm|in}}. Yerevan experiences an average of 2,700 sunshine hours per year.<ref name="Azatian"/> On 12 July 2018, Yerevan recorded a temperature of {{convert|43.7|C|F|abbr=on}}, which is the joint highest temperature to have ever been recorded in Armenia.<ref name=BAMS2018>{{cite journal |author1=Jessica Blunden |author2=Derek Arndt |title=State of the Climate in 2018 |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |year=2019 |volume=100 |issue=9 |pages=Si-S306 |doi=10.1175/2019BAMSStateoftheClimate.1|s2cid=202481135 |doi-access=free |hdl=20.500.12542/276 |hdl-access=free | issn=0003-0007}}</ref>

{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Yerevan (1991–2020, extremes 1885–present)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 19.5
|Feb record high C = 19.6
|Mar record high C = 27.6
|Apr record high C = 35.0
|May record high C = 36.1
|Jun record high C = 41.1
|Jul record high C = 43.7
|Aug record high C = 42.0
|Sep record high C = 40.0
|Oct record high C = 34.1
|Nov record high C = 26.0
|Dec record high C = 21.0
|year record high C = 43.7
|Jan high C = 1.7
|Feb high C = 6.3
|Mar high C = 13.7
|Apr high C = 19.8
|May high C = 25.1
|Jun high C = 30.9
|Jul high C = 34.5
|Aug high C = 34.4
|Sep high C = 29.2
|Oct high C = 21.6
|Nov high C = 12.8
|Dec high C = 4.2
|year high C = 19.5
|Jan mean C = -3.5
|Feb mean C = 0.0
|Mar mean C = 7.0
|Apr mean C = 12.9
|May mean C = 17.7
|Jun mean C = 23.1
|Jul mean C = 26.8
|Aug mean C = 26.7
|Sep mean C = 21.4
|Oct mean C = 14.0
|Nov mean C = 5.8
|Dec mean C = -0.8
|year mean C = 12.6
|Jan low C = -7.8
|Feb low C = -5.4
|Mar low C = 0.9
|Apr low C = 6.4
|May low C = 10.8
|Jun low C = 15.1
|Jul low C = 19.1
|Aug low C = 18.9
|Sep low C = 13.2
|Oct low C = 7.1
|Nov low C = 0.1
|Dec low C = -4.9
|year low C = 6.1
|Jan record low C = −27.6
|Feb record low C = −26.0
|Mar record low C = −19.1
|Apr record low C = −10.9
|May record low C = −0.6
|Jun record low C = 3.7
|Jul record low C = 7.5
|Aug record low C = 7.9
|Sep record low C = 0.1
|Oct record low C = −6.5
|Nov record low C = −14.7
|Dec record low C = −28.3
|year record low C = −28.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 21
|Feb precipitation mm = 21
|Mar precipitation mm = 60
|Apr precipitation mm = 56
|May precipitation mm = 47
|Jun precipitation mm = 24
|Jul precipitation mm = 17
|Aug precipitation mm = 10
|Sep precipitation mm = 10
|Oct precipitation mm = 51
|Nov precipitation mm = 25
|Dec precipitation mm = 21
|year precipitation mm = 363
| unit precipitation days =  1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days  =4.9
| Feb precipitation days  =4.3
| Mar precipitation days  =6.2
| Apr precipitation days  =8.2
| May precipitation days  =9.3
| Jun precipitation days  =5.7
| Jul precipitation days  =3
| Aug precipitation days  =2.4
| Sep precipitation days  =2.4
| Oct precipitation days  =5.1
| Nov precipitation days  =4.4
| Dec precipitation days  =5
| year precipitation days =
|Jan snow depth cm = 5
|Feb snow depth cm = 3
|Mar snow depth cm = 1
|Apr snow depth cm = 0
|May snow depth cm = 0
|Jun snow depth cm = 0
|Jul snow depth cm = 0
|Aug snow depth cm = 0
|Sep snow depth cm = 0
|Oct snow depth cm = 0
|Nov snow depth cm = 0
|Dec snow depth cm = 1
|year snow depth cm = 5
|Jan humidity = 75.0
|Feb humidity = 67.6
|Mar humidity = 58.3
|Apr humidity = 55.5
|May humidity = 54.6
|Jun humidity = 46.0
|Jul humidity = 42.9
|Aug humidity = 41.1
|Sep humidity = 45.7
|Oct humidity = 57.8
|Nov humidity = 68.6
|Dec humidity = 77.0
|year humidity = 57.2
|Jan rain days = 2
|Feb rain days = 4
|Mar rain days = 8
|Apr rain days = 12
|May rain days = 12
|Jun rain days = 8
|Jul rain days = 5
|Aug rain days = 4
|Sep rain days = 4
|Oct rain days = 8
|Nov rain days = 7
|Dec rain days = 4
|year rain days = 78
|Jan snow days = 7
|Feb snow days = 7
|Mar snow days = 2
|Apr snow days = 0.2
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0.1
|Nov snow days = 1
|Dec snow days = 5
|year snow days = 22
|Jan sun = 104.5
|Feb sun = 136.8
|Mar sun = 186.5
|Apr sun = 206.5
|May sun = 267.1
|Jun sun = 326.6
|Jul sun = 353.9
|Aug sun = 333.7
|Sep sun = 291.5
|Oct sun = 217.0
|Nov sun = 159.9
|Dec sun = 91.0
|year sun = 2675.0
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name= pogoda>{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/37788.htm
| title = Weather and Climate- The Climate of Yerevan
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| language = ru
| access-date = 8 November 2021
| archive-date = 19 December 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181219032142/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/37788.htm
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NOAA]] (sun, humidity and precipitation days),<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211009210710/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Armenia/CSV/YerevanAgro_37789.csv
| archive-date = 9 October 2021
| archive-format = CSV
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Armenia/CSV/YerevanAgro_37789.csv
| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Yerevan-Agro
| publisher = [[National Centers for Environmental Information]]
| format = CSV
| access-date = 9 October 2023}}</ref><ref name=BAMS2018/>
}}

===Architecture===
[[File:2014 Erywań, Ulica Arama 3 (01).jpg|left|thumb|Traditional 19th-century buildings of Yerevan on [[Aram Street]]]]
The [[Yerevan TV Tower]] is the tallest structure in the city and one of the tallest structures in the [[South Caucasus]].

The [[Republic Square, Yerevan|Republic Square]], the [[Yerevan Opera Theatre]], and the [[Yerevan Cascade]] are among the main landmarks at the centre of Yerevan, mainly developed based on the original design of architect [[Alexander Tamanian]], and the revised plan of architect Jim Torosyan.

A major redevelopment process has been launched in Yerevan since 2000. As a result, many historic structures have been demolished and replaced with new buildings. This urban renewal plan has been met with opposition<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armenianow.com/?action=viewArticle&CID=1258&IID=1042&AID=1054 |title=ArmeniaNow.com |publisher=ArmeniaNow.com |access-date=2 July 2010 |archive-date=12 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812130046/http://www.armenianow.com/?action=viewArticle&CID=1258&IID=1042&AID=1054 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and criticism from some residents, as the projects destroy historic buildings dating back to the period of the [[Russian Empire]], and often leave residents homeless.<ref>{{cite web |author=By&nbsp;Gayane Mirzoyan |url=http://chai-khana.org/en/former-iranian-market-ferdowsi-to-be-demolished-1 |title=Former Iranian Market Ferdowsi – To be Demolished &#124; Gayane Mirzoyan |publisher=Chai Khana |date=2015-08-11 |access-date=2017-12-11 |archive-date=18 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018125224/http://chai-khana.org/en/former-iranian-market-ferdowsi-to-be-demolished-1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://onnik-krikorian.com/2013/09/stepping-back-in-time-in-kond/ |title=Kond: Stepping Back in Time &#124; Onnik James Krikorian |publisher=Onnik-krikorian.com |access-date=2017-12-11 |archive-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212084348/http://onnik-krikorian.com/2013/09/stepping-back-in-time-in-kond/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Aghajanian |first=Liana |url=http://www.ianyanmag.com/city-of-dust-how-an-ongoing-construction-boom-is-destroying-yerevans-architectural-heritage/ |title=City of Dust: How an Ongoing Construction Boom Is Destroying Yerevan's Architectural Heritage &#124; IANYAN Magazine |publisher=Ianyanmag.com |date=2015-03-19 |access-date=2017-12-11 |archive-date=12 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212031644/http://www.ianyanmag.com/city-of-dust-how-an-ongoing-construction-boom-is-destroying-yerevans-architectural-heritage/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Downtown houses deemed too small are increasingly demolished and replaced by high-rise buildings.
[[File:Yerevan Northern 2010.jpg|thumb|Modern buildings on the [[Northern Avenue (Yerevan)|Northern Avenue]]]]

The [[Saint Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral, Yerevan|Saint Gregory Cathedral]], the new building of [[Yerevan City Council]], the new section of [[Matenadaran]] institute, the new terminal of [[Zvartnots International Airport]], the [[Cafesjian Museum of Art|Cafesjian Center for the Arts]] at the Cascade, the [[Northern Avenue, Yerevan|Northern Avenue]], and the new government complex of ministries are among the major construction projects fulfilled during the first two decades of the 21st century.

[[Aram Street]] of old Yerevan and the newly built [[Northern Avenue (Yerevan)|Northern Avenue]] are respectively among the notable examples featuring the traditional and modern architectural characteristics of Yerevan.

As of May 2017, Yerevan is home to 4,883 residential apartment buildings, and 65,199 street lamps installed on 39,799 [[street light]] posts, covering a total length of 1,514&nbsp;km. The city has 1,080 streets with a total length of 750&nbsp;km.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.civilnet.am/news/2017/05/14/Թվեր-որ-կհետաքրքրեն-բոլոր-երևանցիներին/314288|title=Թվեր, որ կհետաքրքրեն բոլոր երևանցիներին|website=www.civilnet.am|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=28 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928123044/https://www.civilnet.am/news/2017/05/14/%D4%B9%D5%BE%D5%A5%D6%80-%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%AF%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%84%D6%80%D6%84%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6-%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80-%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B6/314288|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Parks===
[[File:Lovers' Park, Yerevan.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Lovers' Park]]]]
Yerevan is a densely built city but still offers several public parks throughout its districts, graced with mid-sized green gardens. The public park of Erebuni District along with its artificial lake is the oldest garden in the city. Occupying an area of 17 hectares, the origins of the park and the artificial lake date back to the period of king [[Argishti I of Urartu]] during the 8th century BCE. In 2011, the garden was entirely remodelled and named as [[Lyon Park, Yerevan|Lyon Park]], to become a symbol of the partnership between the cities of [[Lyon]] and Yerevan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.am/arm/news/68472.html|title=Էրեբունի վարչական շրջանում բացվել է Երեւան-Լիոն բարեկամության խորհրդանիշ Լիոնի ա|website=news.am|access-date=3 January 2021|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619012647/https://news.am/arm/news/68472.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Lovers' Park]] on [[Baghramyan Avenue|Marshal Baghramyan Avenue]] and the [[English Park, Yerevan|English Park]] at the centre of the city, dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries respectively, are among the most popular parks in Yerevan. The [[Yerevan Botanical Garden]] (opened in 1935), the [[Victory Park, Yerevan|Victory Park]] (opened in the 1950s) and the [[Circular Park]] are among the largest green spaces of the city.

[[File:Swan Lake, Yerevan-12.jpg|thumb|The ''Swan Lake'']]

Opened in the 1960s, the Yerevan Opera Theatre Park along with its artificial ''Swan Lake'' is also among the favourite green spaces of the city. In 2019 some of the public space of the park leased to restaurants was reclaimed allowing for improved landscape design.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armenpress.am/eng/news/960468.html|title=Yerevan to reclaim portions of city-owned leased space around Opera House to restore landscape|website=armenpress.am|date=11 January 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-03-17|archive-date=11 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111160355/https://armenpress.am/eng/news/960468.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A public ice-skating arena is operated in the park's lake area during winters.

The [[Yerevan Lake]] is an artificial reservoir opened in 1967 on [[Hrazdan River|Hrazdan]] riverbed at the south of the city centre, with a surface of {{convert|0.65|km²|2|abbr=on}}.

Each administrative district of Yerevan has its own public park, such as the [[Buenos Aires Park]] and [[Tumanyan Park]] in [[Ajapnyak District|Ajapnyak]], Komitas Park in [[Shengavit District|Shengavit]], Vahan Zatikian Park in [[Malatia-Sebastia District|Malatia-Sebastia]], David Anhaght Park in [[Kanaker-Zeytun District|Kanaker-Zeytun]], the Family Park in [[Avan District|Avan]], and Fridtjof Nansen Park in [[Nor Nork District|Nor Nork]].