Editing Wisdom (section)

=== Grossman ===

Grossmann and colleagues summarized prior psychological literature to conclude that wisdom involves certain cognitive processes that afford [[impartiality|unbiased]], sound [[judgment]] in the face of ill-defined life situations:
# intellectual humility, or recognition of limits of own knowledge
# appreciation of perspectives broader than the issue at hand
# sensitivity to the possibility of change in social relations
# compromise or integration of different perspectives<ref name="Grossmann-2017b">{{Cite journal|title=Wisdom and how to cultivate it: Review of emerging evidence for a constructivist model of wise thinking|last=Grossmann|first=Igor|journal=European Pyschologist|volume=22|issue=4|date=October 2017|doi=10.1027/1016-9040/a000302}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Santos|first1=Henri C.|last2=Huynh|first2=Alex C.|last3=Grossmann|first3=Igor|year=2017|title=Wisdom in a complex world: A situated account of wise reasoning and its development|journal=Social and Personality Psychology Compass|volume=11|issue=10|pages=e12341|doi=10.1111/spc3.12341|issn=1751-9004|url=https://psyarxiv.com/pdtxv/ }}</ref>
Grossmann found that [[Illeism|habitually speaking and thinking of oneself in the third person]] increases these characteristics, which means that such a habit makes a person wiser.<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite web|first=David|last=Robson|url=https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20230411-illeism-the-ancient-trick-to-help-you-think-more-wisely |title=Illeism: The ancient trick to help you think more wisely |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=14 April 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023}}
|2={{cite web|first=David|last=Robson|url=https://aeon.co/ideas/why-speaking-to-yourself-in-the-third-person-makes-you-wiser |title=Why speaking to yourself in the third person makes you wiser |publisher=[[Aeon (magazine)|Aeon]] |date=7 August 2019 |access-date=10 July 2020}} }}</ref> Grossmann says contextual factors{{snd}}such as culture, experiences, and social situations{{snd}}influence the understanding, development, and propensity of wisdom, with implications for training and educational practice.<ref name="Grossmann-2017a" /><ref name="Grossmann-2017b" /> These contextual factors are the focus of continuing research. For instance, Grossmann and Kross identified a phenomenon they called "the Solomon's paradox": that people reflect more wisely on other people's problems than on their own. (It is named after [[Solomon|King Solomon]], who had legendary sagacity when making judgments about other people's dilemmas but lacked insight when it came to important decisions in his own life.)<ref name="Grossmann-2017c" />